.goreleaser.yml: include LICENSE file in the release archive (#519 )

Document manual installation via release archives (#516 )
* Document manual installation via release archives * Fixed typo
2026-10-01 19:51:10 +02:00 · 2023-06-16 15:04:14 +04:00 · 2023-06-09 20:01:08 +04:00 · 2023-06-07 15:06:33 +04:00 · 2023-06-02 05:48:04 -04:00 · 2023-05-26 17:06:55 +04:00
165 changed files with 9464 additions and 1772 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+set -e
+
+export VERSION="${CIRRUS_TAG:-0}"
+
+mkdir -p .ci/pkg/
+cp .build/arm64-apple-macosx/release/tart .ci/pkg/tart
+cp Resources/embedded.provisionprofile .ci/pkg/embedded.provisionprofile
+pkgbuild --root .ci/pkg/ --identifier com.github.cirruslabs.tart --version $VERSION \
+  --scripts .ci/pkg/scripts \
+  --install-location "/Library/Application Support/Tart" \
+  --sign "Developer ID Installer: Cirrus Labs, Inc. (9M2P8L4D89)" \
+  "./.ci/Tart-$VERSION.pkg"
+xcrun notarytool submit "./.ci/Tart-$VERSION.pkg" --keychain-profile "notarytool" --wait
+xcrun stapler staple "./.ci/Tart-$VERSION.pkg"
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+set -e
+
+# fix structure
+mkdir -p "$2/tart.app/Contents/MacOS"
+mv "$2/tart" "$2/tart.app/Contents/MacOS/tart"
+mv "$2/embedded.provisionprofile" "$2/tart.app/Contents/embedded.provisionprofile"
+
+echo "#!/bin/sh" > /usr/local/bin/tart
+echo "exec '$2/tart.app/Contents/MacOS/tart' \"\$@\"" >> /usr/local/bin/tart
+
+chmod +x /usr/local/bin/tart
@@ -1,23 +1,144 @@
-persistent_worker:
-  labels:
-    name: Mac-Mini-M1
+use_compute_credits: true

 task:
-  name: Test
-  test_script: swift test
+  name: Test on Ventura
+  alias: test
+  persistent_worker:
+    labels:
+      name: dev-mini
+  test_script:
+    - swift test
+  integration_test_script:
+    # Build Tart
+    - swift build
+    - codesign --sign - --entitlements Resources/tart-dev.entitlements --force .build/debug/tart
+    - export PATH=$(pwd)/.build/arm64-apple-macosx/debug:$PATH
+    # Run integration tests
+    - cd integration-tests
+    - HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1 brew install virtualenv
+    - virtualenv venv
+    - source venv/bin/activate
+    - pip install -r requirements.txt
+    - pytest --verbose --junit-xml=pytest-junit.xml
+  pytest_junit_result_artifacts:
+    path: "integration-tests/pytest-junit.xml"
+    format: junit
+
+task:
+  name: Lint
+  alias: lint
+  macos_instance:
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-ventura-xcode:latest
+  lint_script:
+    - swift package plugin --allow-writing-to-package-directory swiftformat --cache ignore --lint --report swiftformat.json .
+  always:
+    swiftformat_report_artifacts:
+      path: swiftformat.json
+      format: swiftformat

 task:
  name: Build
+  alias: build
  only_if: $CIRRUS_TAG == ''
+  macos_instance:
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-ventura-xcode:latest
  build_script: swift build --product tart
-  sign_script: codesign --sign - --entitlements Resources/tart.entitlements --force .build/debug/tart
+  sign_script: codesign --sign - --entitlements Resources/tart-dev.entitlements --force .build/debug/tart
  binary_artifacts:
    path: .build/debug/tart

 task:
-  name: Release
-  only_if: $CIRRUS_TAG != ''
+  name: Release (Dry Run)
+  only_if: $CIRRUS_TAG == '' && ($CIRRUS_USER_PERMISSION == 'write' || $CIRRUS_USER_PERMISSION == 'admin')
+  depends_on:
+    - lint
+    - build
+  macos_instance:
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-ventura-xcode:latest
  env:
+    MACOS_CERTIFICATE: ENCRYPTED[552b9d275d1c2bdbc1bff778b104a8f9a53cbd0d59344d4b7f6d0ca3c811a5cefb97bef9ba0ef31c219cb07bdacdd2c2]
+    AC_PASSWORD: ENCRYPTED[4a761023e7e06fe2eb350c8b6e8e7ca961af193cb9ba47605f25f1d353abc3142606f412e405be48fd897a78787ea8c2]
    GITHUB_TOKEN: ENCRYPTED[!98ace8259c6024da912c14d5a3c5c6aac186890a8d4819fad78f3e0c41a4e0cd3a2537dd6e91493952fb056fa434be7c!]
    GORELEASER_KEY: ENCRYPTED[!9b80b6ef684ceaf40edd4c7af93014ee156c8aba7e6e5795f41c482729887b5c31f36b651491d790f1f668670888d9fd!]
+  setup_script:
+    - cd $HOME
+    - echo $MACOS_CERTIFICATE | base64 --decode > certificate.p12
+    - security create-keychain -p password101 build.keychain
+    - security default-keychain -s build.keychain
+    - security unlock-keychain -p password101 build.keychain
+    - security import certificate.p12 -k build.keychain -P password101 -T /usr/bin/codesign -T /usr/bin/pkgbuild
+    - security set-key-partition-list -S apple-tool:,apple:,codesign: -s -k password101 build.keychain
+    - xcrun notarytool store-credentials "notarytool" --apple-id "hello@cirruslabs.org" --team-id "9M2P8L4D89" --password $AC_PASSWORD
+  install_script:
+    - brew install go goreleaser/tap/goreleaser-pro getsentry/tools/sentry-cli
+    - brew install mitchellh/gon/gon
+  info_script:
+    - security find-identity -v
+    - xcodebuild -version
+    - swift -version
+  goreleaser_script: goreleaser release --skip-publish --snapshot --clean
+  always:
+    dist_artifacts:
+      path: "dist/*"
+
+task:
+  name: Release
+  only_if: $CIRRUS_TAG != ''
+  depends_on:
+    - lint
+    - test
+    - build
+  macos_instance:
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-ventura-xcode:latest
+  env:
+    MACOS_CERTIFICATE: ENCRYPTED[552b9d275d1c2bdbc1bff778b104a8f9a53cbd0d59344d4b7f6d0ca3c811a5cefb97bef9ba0ef31c219cb07bdacdd2c2]
+    AC_PASSWORD: ENCRYPTED[4a761023e7e06fe2eb350c8b6e8e7ca961af193cb9ba47605f25f1d353abc3142606f412e405be48fd897a78787ea8c2]
+    GITHUB_TOKEN: ENCRYPTED[!98ace8259c6024da912c14d5a3c5c6aac186890a8d4819fad78f3e0c41a4e0cd3a2537dd6e91493952fb056fa434be7c!]
+    GORELEASER_KEY: ENCRYPTED[!9b80b6ef684ceaf40edd4c7af93014ee156c8aba7e6e5795f41c482729887b5c31f36b651491d790f1f668670888d9fd!]
+    SENTRY_ORG: cirrus-labs
+    SENTRY_PROJECT: persistent-workers
+    SENTRY_AUTH_TOKEN: ENCRYPTED[!c16a5cf7da5f856b4bc2f21fe8cb7aa2a6c981f851c094ed4d3025fd02ea59a58a86cee8b193a69a1fc20fa217e56ac3!]
+  setup_script:
+    - cd $HOME
+    - echo $MACOS_CERTIFICATE | base64 --decode > certificate.p12
+    - security create-keychain -p password101 build.keychain
+    - security default-keychain -s build.keychain
+    - security unlock-keychain -p password101 build.keychain
+    - security import certificate.p12 -k build.keychain -P password101 -T /usr/bin/codesign -T /usr/bin/pkgbuild
+    - security set-key-partition-list -S apple-tool:,apple:,codesign: -s -k password101 build.keychain
+    - xcrun notarytool store-credentials "notarytool" --apple-id "hello@cirruslabs.org" --team-id "9M2P8L4D89" --password $AC_PASSWORD
+  install_script: 
+    - brew install go goreleaser/tap/goreleaser-pro getsentry/tools/sentry-cli
+    - brew install mitchellh/gon/gon
+  info_script:
+    - security find-identity -v
+    - xcodebuild -version
+    - swift -version
  release_script: goreleaser
+  upload_sentry_debug_files_script:
+    - cd .build/arm64-apple-macosx/release/
+    # Generate and upload symbols
+    - dsymutil tart
+    - sentry-cli debug-files upload tart.dSYM/
+    # Bundle and upload sources
+    - sentry-cli debug-files bundle-sources tart.dSYM
+    - sentry-cli debug-files upload tart.src.zip
+  create_sentry_release_script:
+    - export SENTRY_RELEASE="tart@$CIRRUS_TAG"
+    - sentry-cli releases new $SENTRY_RELEASE
+    - sentry-cli releases set-commits $SENTRY_RELEASE --auto
+    - sentry-cli releases finalize $SENTRY_RELEASE
+
+task:
+  name: Deploy Documentation
+  only_if: $CIRRUS_BRANCH == 'main'
+  container:
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/mkdocs-material-insiders:latest
+    registry_config: ENCRYPTED[!cf1a0f25325aa75bad3ce6ebc890bc53eb0044c02efa70d8cefb83ba9766275a994b4831706c52630a0692b2fa9cfb9e!]
+  env:
+    DEPLOY_TOKEN: ENCRYPTED[!45ed45666558902ed1c2400add734ec063103bec31841847e8c8764802fca229bfa6d85c690e16ad159e047574b48793!]
+  deploy_script: 
+    - git config --global user.name "Cirrus CI"
+    - git config --global user.name "hello@cirruslabs.org"
+    - git remote set-url origin https://$DEPLOY_TOKEN@github.com/cirruslabs/tart/
+    - mkdocs --verbose gh-deploy --force --remote-branch gh-pages
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-*.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
-*.gif filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* @edigaryev @fkorotkov
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+github: [cirruslabs]
@@ -13,3 +13,6 @@ tart.xcodeproj/

 # GoReleaser
 dist/
+
+# mkdocs
+.cache
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 project_name: tart

+before:
+  hooks:
+    - .ci/set-version.sh
+    - swift build -c release --product tart
+
 builds:
  - builder: prebuilt
    goos:
@@ -7,34 +12,45 @@ builds:
    goarch:
      - arm64
    prebuilt:
-      path: .build/{{ .Arch }}-apple-macosx/release/tart
-
-before:
-  hooks:
-    - .ci/set-version.sh
-    - swift build -c release --product tart
-    - codesign --sign - --entitlements Resources/tart.entitlements --force .build/arm64-apple-macosx/release/tart
+      path: .build/arm64-apple-macosx/release/tart
+    hooks:
+      post:
+        - gon gon.hcl

 archives:
-  - id: binary
-    format: binary
-    name_template: "{{ .ProjectName }}"
-  - id: regular
-    name_template: "{{ .ProjectName }}"
+  - name_template: "{{ .ProjectName }}"
+    files:
+      - src: Resources/embedded.provisionprofile
+        dst: tart.app/Contents
+        strip_parent: true
+      - src: ".build/arm64-apple-macosx/release/tart"
+        dst: tart.app/Contents/MacOS
+        strip_parent: true
+      - LICENSE

 release:
  prerelease: auto

 brews:
  - name: tart
-    ids:
-      - regular
    tap:
      owner: cirruslabs
      name: homebrew-cli
-    caveats: See the Github repository for more information
+    caveats: See the GitHub repository for more information
    homepage: https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart
+    license: "Fair Source"
    description: Run macOS VMs on Apple Silicon
    skip_upload: auto
+    dependencies:
+      - "cirruslabs/cli/softnet"
+    install: |
+      libexec.install Dir["*"]
+      bin.write_exec_script "#{libexec}/tart.app/Contents/MacOS/tart"
    custom_block: |
      depends_on :macos => :monterey
+      
+      on_macos do
+        unless Hardware::CPU.arm?
+          odie "Tart only works on Apple Silicon!"
+        end
+      end
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-<component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
-  <configuration default="false" name="sign debug" type="ShConfigurationType">
-    <option name="SCRIPT_TEXT" value="codesign --sign - --entitlements Resources/tart.entitlements --force .build/debug/tart" />
-    <option name="INDEPENDENT_SCRIPT_PATH" value="true" />
-    <option name="SCRIPT_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/scripts/sign.sh" />
-    <option name="SCRIPT_OPTIONS" value="" />
-    <option name="INDEPENDENT_SCRIPT_WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="true" />
-    <option name="SCRIPT_WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$" />
-    <option name="INDEPENDENT_INTERPRETER_PATH" value="true" />
-    <option name="INTERPRETER_PATH" value="/bin/zsh" />
-    <option name="INTERPRETER_OPTIONS" value="" />
-    <option name="EXECUTE_IN_TERMINAL" value="true" />
-    <option name="EXECUTE_SCRIPT_FILE" value="false" />
-    <envs />
-    <method v="2" />
-  </configuration>
-</component>
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-<component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
-  <configuration default="false" name="tart create" type="SwiftPackageManagerRunConfiguration" factoryName="Swift Package Run" PROGRAM_PARAMS="create latest --from-ipsw=latest" REDIRECT_INPUT="false" ELEVATE="false" USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE="false" PASS_PARENT_ENVS_2="true" PROJECT_NAME="tart" TARGET_NAME="tart" CONFIG_NAME="tart" RUN_TARGET_PROJECT_NAME="tart" RUN_TARGET_NAME="tart" WAS_MODIFIED="">
-    <method v="2">
-      <option name="SPM.BUILD_TASK_PROVIDER" enabled="true" />
-      <option name="RunConfigurationTask" enabled="true" run_configuration_name="sign debug" run_configuration_type="ShConfigurationType" />
-    </method>
-  </configuration>
-</component>
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-<component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
-  <configuration default="false" name="tart run" type="SwiftPackageManagerRunConfiguration" factoryName="Swift Package Run" PROGRAM_PARAMS="run latest" REDIRECT_INPUT="false" ELEVATE="false" USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE="false" PASS_PARENT_ENVS_2="true" PROJECT_NAME="tart" TARGET_NAME="tart" CONFIG_NAME="tart" RUN_TARGET_PROJECT_NAME="tart" RUN_TARGET_NAME="tart" WAS_MODIFIED="">
-    <method v="2">
-      <option name="SPM.BUILD_TASK_PROVIDER" enabled="true" />
-      <option name="RunConfigurationTask" enabled="true" run_configuration_name="sign debug" run_configuration_type="ShConfigurationType" />
-    </method>
-  </configuration>
-</component>
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--disable all
+--enable indent
+--indent 2
+--exclude Sources/tart/OCI/Reference/Generated
+--swiftversion 5.7
@@ -1,661 +1,45 @@
-                    GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
-                       Version 3, 19 November 2007
+Fair Source License, version 0.9

- Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
- of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+Copyright (C) 2023 Cirrus Labs, Inc.

-                            Preamble
+Licensor: Cirrus Labs, Inc.

-  The GNU Affero General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
-software and other kinds of works, specifically designed to ensure
-cooperation with the community in the case of network server software.
+Software: Tart

-  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
-to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
-our General Public Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to
-share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
-software for all its users.
+Use Limitation: 100 users. User is defined as a single core of a central processing unit (CPU) used by the product.
+The Use Limitation does not apply to CPUs installed in devices used by a single individual.

-  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
-price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
-have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
-them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
-want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
-free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
+License Grant. Licensor hereby grants to each recipient of the
+Software ("you") a non-exclusive, non-transferable, royalty-free and
+fully-paid-up license, under all of the Licensor's copyright and
+patent rights, to use, copy, distribute, prepare derivative works of,
+publicly perform and display the Software, subject to the Use
+Limitation and the conditions set forth below.

-  Developers that use our General Public Licenses protect your rights
-with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer
-you this License which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute
-and/or modify the software.
+Use Limitation. The license granted above allows use by up to the
+number of users per entity set forth above (the "Use Limitation"). For
+determining the number of users, "you" includes all affiliates,
+meaning legal entities controlling, controlled by, or under common
+control with you. If you exceed the Use Limitation, your use is
+subject to payment of Licensor's then-current list price for licenses.

-  A secondary benefit of defending all users' freedom is that
-improvements made in alternate versions of the program, if they
-receive widespread use, become available for other developers to
-incorporate.  Many developers of free software are heartened and
-encouraged by the resulting cooperation.  However, in the case of
-software used on network servers, this result may fail to come about.
-The GNU General Public License permits making a modified version and
-letting the public access it on a server without ever releasing its
-source code to the public.
-
-  The GNU Affero General Public License is designed specifically to
-ensure that, in such cases, the modified source code becomes available
-to the community.  It requires the operator of a network server to
-provide the source code of the modified version running there to the
-users of that server.  Therefore, public use of a modified version, on
-a publicly accessible server, gives the public access to the source
-code of the modified version.
-
-  An older license, called the Affero General Public License and
-published by Affero, was designed to accomplish similar goals.  This is
-a different license, not a version of the Affero GPL, but Affero has
-released a new version of the Affero GPL which permits relicensing under
+Conditions. Redistribution in source code or other forms must include
+a copy of this license document to be provided in a reasonable
+manner. Any redistribution of the Software is only allowed subject to
 this license.

-  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
-modification follow.
-
-                       TERMS AND CONDITIONS
-
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-
-  "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License.
-
-  "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
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-
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-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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-Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
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-For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see
-<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+Trademarks. This license does not grant you any right in the
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+Termination. If you violate the terms of this license, your rights
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+Software from you.
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
  "pins" : [
    {
-      "identity" : "async-http-client",
+      "identity" : "antlr4",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
-      "location" : "https://github.com/swift-server/async-http-client",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/antlr/antlr4",
      "state" : {
-        "revision" : "24425989dadab6d6e4167174791a23d4e2a6d0c3",
-        "version" : "1.10.0"
+        "branch" : "dev",
+        "revision" : "2703a8516c0fb7fe92db6b9c40e0113f577646d2"
      }
    },
    {
@@ -18,6 +18,24 @@
        "revision" : "772883073d044bc754d401cabb6574624eb3778f"
      }
    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "sentry-cocoa",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-cocoa",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "ac224c437a3070ffe34460137ac8761eddaf2852",
+        "version" : "8.3.3"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "swift-algorithms",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-algorithms",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "b14b7f4c528c942f121c8b860b9410b2bf57825e",
+        "version" : "1.0.0"
+      }
+    },
    {
      "identity" : "swift-argument-parser",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
@@ -28,84 +46,75 @@
      }
    },
    {
-      "identity" : "swift-case-paths",
+      "identity" : "swift-async-algorithms",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
-      "location" : "https://github.com/pointfreeco/swift-case-paths",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-async-algorithms",
      "state" : {
-        "revision" : "ce9c0d897db8a840c39de64caaa9b60119cf4be8",
-        "version" : "0.8.1"
+        "branch" : "main",
+        "revision" : "f05e450f0b909c0e80670a47516c4b9700b9e5da"
      }
    },
    {
-      "identity" : "swift-log",
+      "identity" : "swift-atomics",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
-      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-log.git",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-atomics.git",
      "state" : {
-        "revision" : "5d66f7ba25daf4f94100e7022febf3c75e37a6c7",
-        "version" : "1.4.2"
+        "revision" : "919eb1d83e02121cdb434c7bfc1f0c66ef17febe",
+        "version" : "1.0.2"
      }
    },
    {
-      "identity" : "swift-nio",
+      "identity" : "swift-collections",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
-      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-nio.git",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-collections.git",
      "state" : {
-        "revision" : "124119f0bb12384cef35aa041d7c3a686108722d",
-        "version" : "2.40.0"
+        "revision" : "f504716c27d2e5d4144fa4794b12129301d17729",
+        "version" : "1.0.3"
      }
    },
    {
-      "identity" : "swift-nio-extras",
+      "identity" : "swift-numerics",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
-      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-nio-extras.git",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-numerics",
      "state" : {
-        "revision" : "8eea84ec6144167354387ef9244b0939f5852dc8",
-        "version" : "1.11.0"
+        "revision" : "0a5bc04095a675662cf24757cc0640aa2204253b",
+        "version" : "1.0.2"
      }
    },
    {
-      "identity" : "swift-nio-http2",
+      "identity" : "swift-sysctl",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
-      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-nio-http2.git",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/sersoft-gmbh/swift-sysctl.git",
      "state" : {
-        "revision" : "72bcaf607b40d7c51044f65b0f5ed8581a911832",
-        "version" : "1.21.0"
+        "revision" : "71fd64ee84819bb19fbecfb36d5a4503726b6fb7",
+        "version" : "1.6.0"
      }
    },
    {
-      "identity" : "swift-nio-ssl",
+      "identity" : "swiftdate",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
-      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-nio-ssl.git",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/malcommac/SwiftDate",
      "state" : {
-        "revision" : "1750873bce84b4129b5303655cce2c3d35b9ed3a",
-        "version" : "2.19.0"
+        "revision" : "6190d0cefff3013e77ed567e6b074f324e5c5bf5",
+        "version" : "6.3.1"
      }
    },
    {
-      "identity" : "swift-nio-transport-services",
+      "identity" : "swiftformat",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
-      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-nio-transport-services.git",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/nicklockwood/SwiftFormat",
      "state" : {
-        "revision" : "1a4692acb88156e3da1b0c6732a8a38b2a744166",
-        "version" : "1.12.0"
+        "revision" : "da637c398c5d08896521b737f2868ddc2e7996ae",
+        "version" : "0.50.6"
      }
    },
    {
-      "identity" : "swift-parsing",
+      "identity" : "texttable",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
-      "location" : "https://github.com/pointfreeco/swift-parsing",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/cfilipov/TextTable",
      "state" : {
-        "revision" : "28d32e9ace1c4c43f5e5a177be837a202494c2d5",
-        "version" : "0.9.2"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "identity" : "xctest-dynamic-overlay",
-      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
-      "location" : "https://github.com/pointfreeco/xctest-dynamic-overlay",
-      "state" : {
-        "revision" : "50a70a9d3583fe228ce672e8923010c8df2deddd",
-        "version" : "0.2.1"
+        "branch" : "master",
+        "revision" : "e03289289155b4e7aa565e32862f9cb42140596a"
      }
    }
  ],
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// swift-tools-version:5.6
+// swift-tools-version:5.7

 import PackageDescription
 let package = Package(
@@ -12,17 +12,36 @@ let package = Package(
  dependencies: [
    .package(url: "https://github.com/apple/swift-argument-parser", from: "1.1.2"),
    .package(url: "https://github.com/mhdhejazi/Dynamic", branch: "master"),
-    .package(url: "https://github.com/pointfreeco/swift-parsing", from: "0.9.2"),
-    .package(url: "https://github.com/swift-server/async-http-client", from: "1.10.0"),
+    .package(url: "https://github.com/apple/swift-algorithms", from: "1.0.0"),
+    .package(url: "https://github.com/apple/swift-async-algorithms", branch: "main"),
+    .package(url: "https://github.com/malcommac/SwiftDate", from: "6.3.1"),
+    .package(url: "https://github.com/antlr/antlr4", branch: "dev"),
+    .package(url: "https://github.com/apple/swift-atomics.git", .upToNextMajor(from: "1.0.0")),
+    .package(url: "https://github.com/nicklockwood/SwiftFormat", from: "0.50.6"),
+    .package(url: "https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-cocoa", from: "8.3.3"),
+    .package(url: "https://github.com/cfilipov/TextTable", branch: "master"),
+    .package(url: "https://github.com/sersoft-gmbh/swift-sysctl.git", from: "1.0.0"),
  ],
  targets: [
    .executableTarget(name: "tart", dependencies: [
+      .product(name: "Algorithms", package: "swift-algorithms"),
+      .product(name: "AsyncAlgorithms", package: "swift-async-algorithms"),
      .product(name: "ArgumentParser", package: "swift-argument-parser"),
-      .product(name: "AsyncHTTPClient", package: "async-http-client"),
      .product(name: "Dynamic", package: "Dynamic"),
-      .product(name: "Parsing", package: "swift-parsing"),
+      .product(name: "SwiftDate", package: "SwiftDate"),
+      .product(name: "Antlr4Static", package: "Antlr4"),
+      .product(name: "Atomics", package: "swift-atomics"),
+      .product(name: "Sentry", package: "sentry-cocoa"),
+      .product(name: "TextTable", package: "TextTable"),
+      .product(name: "Sysctl", package: "swift-sysctl"),
+    ], exclude: [
+      "OCI/Reference/Makefile",
+      "OCI/Reference/Reference.g4",
+      "OCI/Reference/Generated/Reference.interp",
+      "OCI/Reference/Generated/Reference.tokens",
+      "OCI/Reference/Generated/ReferenceLexer.interp",
+      "OCI/Reference/Generated/ReferenceLexer.tokens",
    ]),
    .testTarget(name: "TartTests", dependencies: ["tart"])
  ]
 )
-
@@ -1,193 +1,61 @@
-![Tart – open source virtualization for your automation needs](Resources/TartSocial.png)
+<img src="https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/raw/main/Resources/TartSocial.png"/>

-*Tart* is a virtualization toolset to build, run and manage virtual machines on Apple Silicon.
+*Tart* is a virtualization toolset to build, run and manage macOS and Linux virtual machines (VMs) on Apple Silicon.
 Built by CI engineers for your automation needs. Here are some highlights of Tart:

-* Tart uses Apple's own `Virtualization.Framework` for [near-native performance](https://browser.geekbench.com/v5/cpu/compare/14966395?baseline=14966339).
+* Tart uses Apple's own `Virtualization.Framework` for [near-native performance](https://browser.geekbench.com/v5/cpu/compare/20382844?baseline=20382722).
 * Push/Pull virtual machines from any OCI-compatible container registry.
 * Use Tart Packer Plugin to automate VM creation.
 * Built-in CI integration.

-Try running a Tart VM on your Apple Silicon device running macOS Monterey or later (will download a 25 GB image):
+*Tart* is already adopted by several automation services:

-```shell
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/macOS/" target=_blank>
+    <img src="https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/raw/main/Resources/Users/CirrusCI.png" height="65"/>
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://codemagic.io/" target=_blank>
+    <img src="https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/raw/main/Resources/Users/Codemagic.png" height="65"/>
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://testingbot.com/" target=_blank>
+    <img src="https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/raw/main/Resources/Users/TestingBot.png" height="65"/>
+  </a>
+</p>
+
+Many more companies are using Tart in their internal setups. Here are a few of them:
+
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://ahrefs.com/" target=_blank>
+    <img src="https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/raw/main/Resources/Users/ahrefs.png" height="65"/>
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://krisp.ai/" target=_blank>
+    <img src="https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/raw/main/Resources/Users/Krisp.png" height="65"/>
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://suran.com/" target=_blank>
+    <img src="https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/raw/main/Resources/Users/Suran.png" height="65"/>
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://symflower.com/" target=_blank>
+    <img src="https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/raw/main/Resources/Users/Symflower.png" height="65"/>
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://transloadit.com/" target=_blank>
+    <img src="https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/raw/main/Resources/Users/Transloadit.png" height="65"/>
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://www.pitsdatarecovery.net/" target=_blank>
+    <img src="https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/raw/main/Resources/Users/PITSGlobalDataRecoveryServices.png" height="65"/>
+  </a>
+</p>
+
+**Note:** If your company or project is using Tart please consider [adding yourself to the list above](/Resources/Users/HowToAddYourself.md).
+
+## Usage
+
+Try running a Tart VM on your Apple Silicon device running macOS 12.0 (Monterey) or later (will download a 25 GB image):
+
+```bash
 brew install cirruslabs/cli/tart
-tart clone ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-monterey-base:latest monterey-base
-tart run monterey-base
+tart clone ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-ventura-base:latest ventura-base
+tart run ventura-base
 ```

-![tart VM view app](Resources/TartScreenshot.png)
-
-## CI Integration
-
-Tart itself is only responsible for managing virtual machines, but we've built Tart support into a tool called Cirrus CLI
-also developed by Cirrus Labs. [Cirrus CLI](https://github.com/cirruslabs/cirrus-cli) is a command line tool with
-one configuration format to execute common CI steps (run a script, cache a folder, etc.) locally or in any CI system.
-We built Cirrus CLI to solve "But it works on my machine!" problem.
-
-Here is an example of a `.cirrus.yml` configuration file which will start a Tart VM, will copy over working directory and
-will run scripts and [other instructions](https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/writing-tasks/#supported-instructions) inside the virtual machine:
-
-```yaml
-task:
-  name: hello
-  macos_instance:
-    # can be a remote or a local virtual machine
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-monterey-base:latest
-  hello_script:
-    - echo "Hello from within a Tart VM!"
-    - echo "Here is my CPU info:"
-    - sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string
-    - sleep 15
-```
-
-Put the above `.cirrus.yml` file in the root of your repository and run it with the following command:
-
-```shell
-brew install cirruslabs/cli/cirrus
-cirrus run
-```
-
-![Cirrus CLI Run](Resources/TartCirrusCLI.gif)
-
-[Cirrus CI](https://cirrus-ci.org/) already leverages Tart to power its macOS cloud infrastructure. The `.cirrus.yml`
-config from above will just work in Cirrus CI and your tasks will be executed inside Tart VMs in our cloud.
-
-**Note:** Cirrus CI only allows [images managed and regularly updated by us](https://github.com/orgs/cirruslabs/packages?tab=packages&q=macos).
-
-## Virtual Machine Management
-
-### Creating from scratch
-
-Tart can create VMs from `*.ipsw` files. You can download a specific `*.ipsw` file [here](https://ipsw.me/) or you can
-use `latest` instead of a path to `*.ipsw` to download the latest available version:
-
-```shell
-tart create --from-ipsw=latest monterey-vanilla
-tart run monterey-vanilla
-```
-
-After the initial booting of the VM you'll need to manually go through the macOS installation process. As a convention we recommend creating an `admin` user with an `admin` password. After the regular installation please do some additional modifications in the VM:
-
-1. Enable Auto-Login. Users & Groups -> Login Options -> Automatic login -> admin.
-2. Allow SSH. Sharing -> Remote Login
-3. Disable Lock Screen. Preferences -> Lock Screen -> disable "Require Password" after 5.
-4. Disable Screen Saver.
-5. Run `sudo visudo` in Terminal, find `%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL` add `admin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL` to allow sudo without a password.
-
-### Configuring a VM
-
-By default, a tart VM uses 2 CPUs and 4 GB of memory with a `1024x768` display. This can be changed with `tart set` command.
-Please refer to `tart set --help` for additional details.
-
-### Building with Packer
-
-Please refer to [Tart Packer Plugin repository](https://github.com/cirruslabs/packer-plugin-tart) for setup instructions.
-Here is an example of a template to build `monterey-base` local image based of a remote image:
-
-```json
-{
-  "builders": [
-    {
-      "name": "tart",
-      "type": "tart-cli",
-      "vm_base_name": "tartvm/vanilla:latest",
-      "vm_name": "monterey-base",
-      "cpu_count": 4,
-      "memory_gb": 8,
-      "disk_size_gb": 32,
-      "ssh_username": "admin",
-      "ssh_password": "admin",
-      "ssh_timeout": "120s"
-    }
-  ],
-  "provisioners": [
-    {
-      "inline": [
-        "echo 'Disabling spotlight indexing...'",
-        "sudo mdutil -a -i off"
-      ],
-      "type": "shell"
-    },
-    # more provisioners
-  ]
-}
-```
-
-Here is a [repository with Packer templates](https://github.com/cirruslabs/macos-image-templates) used to build [all the images managed by us](https://github.com/orgs/cirruslabs/packages?tab=packages&q=macos).
-
-### Working with a Remote OCI Container Registry
-
-For example, let's say you want to push/pull images to a registry hosted at https://acme.io/.
-
-#### Registry Authorization
-
-First, you need to log in and save credential for `acme.io` host via `tart login` command:
-
-```shell
-tart login acme.io
-```
-
-Credentials are securely stored in Keychain.
-
-#### Pushing a Local Image
-
-Once credentials are saved for `acme.io`, run the following command to push a local images remotely with two tags:
-
-```shell
-tart push my-local-vm-name acme.io/remoteorg/name:latest acme.io/remoteorg/name:v1.0.0
-```
-
-#### Pulling a Remote Image
-
-```shell
-tart pull acme.io/remoteorg/name:latest my-local-vm-name
-```
-
-## FAQ
-
-<details>
-  <summary>How Tart is different from Anka</summary>
-
-  Under the hood Tart is using the same technology as Anka 3.0 so there should be no real difference in performance
-  or features supported. If there is some feature missing please don't hesitate to [create a feature request](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/issues).
-
-  Instead of Anka Registry, Tart can work with any OCI-compatible container registry.
-
-  Tart doesn't yet have an analogue of Anka Controller for managing long living VMs. Please take a look at [CI integration](#ci-integration)
-  section for an option to run ephemeral VMs for your needs.
-</details>
-
-<details>
-  <summary>Why Tart is free and open sourced?</summary>
-
-  Tart is a relatively small project, and it didn't feel right to try to monetize it.
-  Apple did all the heavy lifting with their `Virtualization.Framework`.
-</details>
-
-<details>
-  <summary>How to change VM's disk size?</summary>
-
-  You can choose disk size upon creation of a virtual machine:
-
-  ```shell
-  tart create --from-ipsw=latest --disk-size=25 monterey-vanilla
-  ```
-
-  For an existing VM please use [Packer Plugin](https://github.com/cirruslabs/packer-plugin-tart) which can increase
-  disk size for new virtual machines. Here is an example of [how to change disk size in a Packer template](https://github.com/cirruslabs/macos-image-templates/blob/fb0bcf68e0b093129136875c050205a66729b596/templates/base.pkr.hcl#L15).
-</details>
-
-<details>
-  <summary>VM location on disk</summary>
-
-  Tart stores all it's files in `~/.tart/` directory. Local images that you can run are stored in `~/.tart/vms/`.
-  Remote images are pulled into `~/.tart/vms/cache/OCIs/`.
-</details>
-
-<details>
-  <summary>Nested virtualization support?</summary>
-
-  Tart is limited by functionality of Apple's `Virtualization.Framework`. At the moment `Virtualization.Framework`
-  doesn't support nested virtualization.
-</details>
+Please check the [official documentation](https://tart.run) for more information and/or feel free to use [discussions](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/discussions)
+for remaining questions.
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:8a3a324193c4bd7797102765ab16f44adf58e49ca615bac3963cefd0d3a10594
-size 339678
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+If you'd like to highlight your use of Tart, please create a `456px` by `130px` logo and create a PR
+that adds it to `README.md` in alphabetical order. Don't forget to include a small description of your usage pattern.
+
+You can refer to `Background.png` as a base for your logo.
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@
 	<key>com.apple.security.virtualization</key>
 	<true/>
 </dict>
-</plist>
+</plist>
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>com.apple.security.virtualization</key>
+	<true/>
+	<key>com.apple.vm.networking</key>
+	<true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>
@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ struct CI {
  static var version: String {
    rawVersion.expanded() ? rawVersion : "SNAPSHOT"
  }
+
+  static var release: String? {
+    rawVersion.expanded() ? "tart@\(rawVersion)" : nil
+  }
 }

 private extension String {
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ struct Clone: AsyncParsableCommand {
  @Argument(help: "new VM name")
  var newName: String

+  @Flag(help: "connect to the OCI registry via insecure HTTP protocol")
+  var insecure: Bool = false
+
  func validate() throws {
    if newName.contains("/") {
      throw ValidationError("<new-name> should be a local name")
@@ -18,44 +21,35 @@ struct Clone: AsyncParsableCommand {
  }

  func run() async throws {
-    do {
-      let ociStorage = VMStorageOCI()
-      let localStorage = VMStorageLocal()
+    let ociStorage = VMStorageOCI()
+    let localStorage = VMStorageLocal()

-      if let remoteName = try? RemoteName(sourceName), !ociStorage.exists(remoteName) {
-        // Pull the VM in case it's OCI-based and doesn't exist locally yet
-        let registry = try Registry(host: remoteName.host, namespace: remoteName.namespace)
-        try await ociStorage.pull(remoteName, registry: registry)
-      }
-
-      let sourceVM = try VMStorageHelper.open(sourceName)
-      let generateMAC = try localStorage.hasVMsWithMACAddress(macAddress: sourceVM.macAddress())
-
-      let tmpVMDir = try VMDirectory.temporary()
-      try await withTaskCancellationHandler(operation: {
-        try sourceVM.clone(to: tmpVMDir, generateMAC: generateMAC)
-        try localStorage.move(newName, from: tmpVMDir)
-      }, onCancel: {
-        try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: tmpVMDir.baseURL)
-      })
-
-      Foundation.exit(0)
-    } catch {
-      print(error)
-
-      Foundation.exit(1)
+    if let remoteName = try? RemoteName(sourceName), !ociStorage.exists(remoteName) {
+      // Pull the VM in case it's OCI-based and doesn't exist locally yet
+      let registry = try Registry(host: remoteName.host, namespace: remoteName.namespace, insecure: insecure)
+      try await ociStorage.pull(remoteName, registry: registry)
    }
-  }
-}

-fileprivate extension VMDirectory {
-  func macAddress() throws -> String {
-    try VMConfig(fromURL: configURL).macAddress.string
-  }
-}
+    let sourceVM = try VMStorageHelper.open(sourceName)

-fileprivate extension VMStorageLocal {
-  func hasVMsWithMACAddress(macAddress: String) throws -> Bool {
-    try list().contains { try $1.macAddress() == macAddress }
+    let tmpVMDir = try VMDirectory.temporary()
+
+    // Lock the temporary VM directory to prevent it's garbage collection
+    let tmpVMDirLock = try FileLock(lockURL: tmpVMDir.baseURL)
+    try tmpVMDirLock.lock()
+
+    try await withTaskCancellationHandler(operation: {
+      // Acquire a global lock
+      let lock = try FileLock(lockURL: Config().tartHomeDir)
+      try lock.lock()
+
+      let generateMAC = try localStorage.hasVMsWithMACAddress(macAddress: sourceVM.macAddress())
+      try sourceVM.clone(to: tmpVMDir, generateMAC: generateMAC)
+      try localStorage.move(newName, from: tmpVMDir)
+
+      try lock.unlock()
+    }, onCancel: {
+      try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: tmpVMDir.baseURL)
+    })
  }
 }
@@ -9,38 +9,54 @@ struct Create: AsyncParsableCommand {
  @Argument(help: "VM name")
  var name: String

-  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Path to the IPSW file (or \"latest\") to fetch the latest appropriate IPSW", valueName: "path")) 
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("create a macOS VM using path to the IPSW file or URL (or \"latest\", to fetch the latest supported IPSW automatically)", valueName: "path"))
  var fromIPSW: String?

+  @Flag(help: "create a Linux VM")
+  var linux: Bool = false
+
  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Disk size in Gb")) 
-  var diskSize: UInt8 = 50
+  var diskSize: UInt16 = 50

  func validate() throws {
-    if fromIPSW == nil {
-      throw ValidationError("Please specify a --from-ipsw option!")
+    if fromIPSW == nil && !linux {
+      throw ValidationError("Please specify either a --from-ipsw or --linux option!")
    }
  }

  func run() async throws {
-    do {
-      let tmpVMDir = try VMDirectory.temporary()
-      try await withTaskCancellationHandler(operation: {
-        if fromIPSW! == "latest" {
-          _ = try await VM(vmDir: tmpVMDir, ipswURL: nil, diskSizeGB: diskSize)
+    let tmpVMDir = try VMDirectory.temporary()
+
+    // Lock the temporary VM directory to prevent it's garbage collection
+    let tmpVMDirLock = try FileLock(lockURL: tmpVMDir.baseURL)
+    try tmpVMDirLock.lock()
+
+    try await withTaskCancellationHandler(operation: {
+      if let fromIPSW = fromIPSW {
+        let ipswURL: URL
+
+        if fromIPSW == "latest" {
+          ipswURL = try await VM.latestIPSWURL()
+        } else if fromIPSW.starts(with: "http://") || fromIPSW.starts(with: "https://") {
+          ipswURL = URL(string: fromIPSW)!
        } else {
-          _ = try await VM(vmDir: tmpVMDir, ipswURL: URL(fileURLWithPath: fromIPSW!), diskSizeGB: diskSize)
+          ipswURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: fromIPSW)
        }

-        try VMStorageLocal().move(name, from: tmpVMDir)
-      }, onCancel: {
-        try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: tmpVMDir.baseURL)
-      })
+        _ = try await VM(vmDir: tmpVMDir, ipswURL: ipswURL, diskSizeGB: diskSize)
+      }

-      Foundation.exit(0)
-    } catch {
-      print(error)
+      if linux {
+        if #available(macOS 13, *) {
+          _ = try await VM.linux(vmDir: tmpVMDir, diskSizeGB: diskSize)
+        } else {
+          throw UnsupportedOSError("Linux VMs", "are")
+        }
+      }

-      Foundation.exit(1)
-    }
+      try VMStorageLocal().move(name, from: tmpVMDir)
+    }, onCancel: {
+      try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: tmpVMDir.baseURL)
+    })
  }
 }
@@ -6,17 +6,11 @@ struct Delete: AsyncParsableCommand {
  static var configuration = CommandConfiguration(abstract: "Delete a VM")

  @Argument(help: "VM name")
-  var name: String
+  var name: [String]

  func run() async throws {
-    do {
-      try VMStorageHelper.delete(name)
-
-      Foundation.exit(0)
-    } catch {
-      print(error)
-
-      Foundation.exit(1)
+    for it in name {
+      try VMStorageHelper.delete(it)
    }
  }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import ArgumentParser
+import Foundation
+
+struct Export: AsyncParsableCommand {
+  static var configuration = CommandConfiguration(abstract: "Export VM to a compressed .tvm file")
+
+  @Argument(help: "Source VM name.")
+  var name: String
+
+  @Argument(help: "Path to the destination file.")
+  var path: String?
+
+  func run() async throws {
+    let correctedPath: String
+
+    if let path = path {
+      correctedPath = path
+    } else {
+      correctedPath = "\(name).tvm"
+
+      if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: correctedPath) {
+        while true {
+          if userWantsOverwrite(correctedPath) {
+            break
+          } else {
+            return
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    print("exporting...")
+
+    try VMStorageHelper.open(name).exportToArchive(path: correctedPath)
+  }
+
+  func userWantsOverwrite(_ filename: String) -> Bool {
+    print("file \(filename) already exists, are you sure you want to overwrite it? (yes, [no])? ", terminator: "")
+
+    let answer = readLine()!
+
+    return answer == "yes"
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import ArgumentParser
+import Foundation
+
+fileprivate struct VMInfo: Encodable {
+  let CPU: Int
+  let Memory: UInt64
+  let Disk: Int
+  let Display: String
+  let Running: Bool
+}
+
+struct Get: AsyncParsableCommand {
+  static var configuration = CommandConfiguration(commandName: "get", abstract: "Get a VM's configuration")
+
+  @Argument(help: "VM name.")
+  var name: String
+
+  @Option(help: "Output format: text or json")
+  var format: Format = .text
+
+  func run() async throws {
+    let vmDir = try VMStorageLocal().open(name)
+    let vmConfig = try VMConfig(fromURL: vmDir.configURL)
+    let diskSizeInGb = try vmDir.sizeGB()
+    let memorySizeInMb = vmConfig.memorySize / 1024 / 1024
+
+    let info = VMInfo(CPU: vmConfig.cpuCount, Memory: memorySizeInMb, Disk: diskSizeInGb,
+                      Display: vmConfig.display.description, Running: try vmDir.running())
+    print(format.renderSingle(info))
+  }
+}
@@ -2,6 +2,13 @@ import ArgumentParser
 import Foundation
 import Network
 import SystemConfiguration
+import Sentry
+
+enum IPResolutionStrategy: String, ExpressibleByArgument, CaseIterable {
+  case dhcp, arp
+
+  private(set) static var allValueStrings: [String] = Format.allCases.map { "\($0)"}
+}

 struct IP: AsyncParsableCommand {
  static var configuration = CommandConfiguration(abstract: "Get VM's IP address")
@@ -12,37 +19,55 @@ struct IP: AsyncParsableCommand {
  @Option(help: "Number of seconds to wait for a potential VM booting")
  var wait: UInt16 = 0

+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Strategy for resolving IP address: dhcp or arp",
+                             discussion: """
+                             By default, Tart is looking up and parsing DHCP lease file to determine the IP of the VM.\n
+                             This method is fast and the most reliable but only returns local IP adresses.\n
+                             Alternatively, Tart can call external `arp` executable and parse it's output.\n
+                             In case of enabled Bridged Networking this method will return VM's IP address on the network interface used for Bridged Networking.\n
+                             Note that `arp` strategy won't work for VMs using `--net-softnet`.
+                             """))
+  var resolver: IPResolutionStrategy = .dhcp
+
  func run() async throws {
-    do {
-      let vmDir = try VMStorageLocal().open(name)
-      let vmConfig = try VMConfig.init(fromURL: vmDir.configURL)
+    let vmDir = try VMStorageLocal().open(name)
+    let vmConfig = try VMConfig.init(fromURL: vmDir.configURL)
+    let vmMACAddress = MACAddress(fromString: vmConfig.macAddress.string)!

-      guard let ip = try await IP.resolveIP(vmConfig, secondsToWait: wait) else {
-        print("no IP address found, is your VM running?")
+    guard let ip = try await IP.resolveIP(vmMACAddress, resolutionStrategy: resolver, secondsToWait: wait) else {
+      var message = "no IP address found"

-        Foundation.exit(1)
+      if try !vmDir.running() {
+        message += ", is your VM running?"
      }

-      print(ip)
+      if (vmConfig.os == .linux && resolver == .arp) {
+        message += " (not all Linux distributions are compatible with the ARP resolver)"
+      }

-      Foundation.exit(0)
-    } catch {
-      print(error)
-
-      Foundation.exit(1)
+      throw RuntimeError.NoIPAddressFound(message)
    }
+
+    print(ip)
  }

-  static public func resolveIP(_ config: VMConfig, secondsToWait: UInt16) async throws -> IPv4Address? {
+  static public func resolveIP(_ vmMACAddress: MACAddress, resolutionStrategy: IPResolutionStrategy = .dhcp, secondsToWait: UInt16 = 0) async throws -> IPv4Address? {
    let waitUntil = Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .second, value: Int(secondsToWait), to: Date.now)!
-    let vmMacAddress = MACAddress(fromString: config.macAddress.string)!

    repeat {
-      if let ip = try ARPCache.ResolveMACAddress(macAddress: vmMacAddress) {
-        return ip
+      switch resolutionStrategy {
+      case .arp:
+        if let ip = try ARPCache().ResolveMACAddress(macAddress: vmMACAddress) {
+          return ip
+        }
+      case .dhcp:
+        if let leases = try Leases(), let ip = try leases.ResolveMACAddress(macAddress: vmMACAddress) {
+          return ip
+        }
      }

-      try await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 1_000_000)
+      // wait a second
+      try await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 1_000_000_000)
    } while Date.now < waitUntil

    return nil
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import ArgumentParser
+import Foundation
+
+struct Import: AsyncParsableCommand {
+  static var configuration = CommandConfiguration(abstract: "Import VM from a compressed .tvm file")
+
+  @Argument(help: "Path to a file created with \"tart export\".")
+  var path: String
+
+  @Argument(help: "Destination VM name.")
+  var name: String
+
+  func validate() throws {
+    if name.contains("/") {
+      throw ValidationError("<name> should be a local name")
+    }
+  }
+
+  func run() async throws {
+    let localStorage = VMStorageLocal()
+
+    // Create a temporary VM directory to which we will load the export file
+    let tmpVMDir = try VMDirectory.temporary()
+
+    // Lock the temporary VM directory to prevent it's garbage collection
+    // while we're running
+    let tmpVMDirLock = try FileLock(lockURL: tmpVMDir.baseURL)
+    try tmpVMDirLock.lock()
+
+    // Populate the temporary VM directory with the export file contents
+    print("importing...")
+    try tmpVMDir.importFromArchive(path: path)
+
+    try await withTaskCancellationHandler(operation: {
+      // Acquire a global lock
+      let lock = try FileLock(lockURL: Config().tartHomeDir)
+      try lock.lock()
+
+      // Re-generate the VM's MAC address importing it will result in address collision
+      if try localStorage.hasVMsWithMACAddress(macAddress: tmpVMDir.macAddress()) {
+        try tmpVMDir.regenerateMACAddress()
+      }
+
+      try localStorage.move(name, from: tmpVMDir)
+
+      try lock.unlock()
+    }, onCancel: {
+      try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: tmpVMDir.baseURL)
+    })
+  }
+}
@@ -2,27 +2,60 @@ import ArgumentParser
 import Dispatch
 import SwiftUI

+fileprivate struct VMInfo: Encodable {
+  let Source: String
+  let Name: String
+  let Size: Int
+  let Running: Bool
+}
+
 struct List: AsyncParsableCommand {
  static var configuration = CommandConfiguration(abstract: "List created VMs")

-  func run() async throws {
-    do {
-      print("Source\tName")
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Only display VMs from the specified source (e.g. --source local, --source oci)."))
+  var source: String?

-      displayTable("local", try VMStorageLocal().list())
-      displayTable("oci", try VMStorageOCI().list())
+  @Option(help: "Output format: text or json")
+  var format: Format = .text

-      Foundation.exit(0)
-    } catch {
-      print(error)
+  @Flag(name: [.short, .long], help: ArgumentHelp("Only display VM names."))
+  var quiet: Bool = false

-      Foundation.exit(1)
+  func validate() throws {
+    guard let source = source else {
+      return
+    }
+
+    if !["local", "oci"].contains(source) {
+      throw ValidationError("'\(source)' is not a valid <source>")
    }
  }

-  private func displayTable(_ source: String, _ vms: [(String, VMDirectory)]) {
-    for (name, _) in vms.sorted(by: { left, right in left.0 < right.0 }) {
-      print("\(source)\t\(name)")
+  func run() async throws {
+    var infos: [VMInfo] = []
+
+    if source == nil || source == "local" {
+      infos += sortedInfos(try VMStorageLocal().list().map { (name, vmDir) in
+        try VMInfo(Source: "local", Name: name, Size: vmDir.sizeGB(), Running: vmDir.running())
+      })
    }
+
+    if source == nil || source == "oci" {
+      infos += sortedInfos(try VMStorageOCI().list().map { (name, vmDir, _) in
+        try VMInfo(Source: "oci", Name: name, Size: vmDir.sizeGB(), Running: vmDir.running())
+      })
+    }
+
+    if (quiet) {
+      for info in infos {
+        print(info.Name)
+      }
+    } else {
+      print(format.renderList(infos))
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func sortedInfos(_ infos: [VMInfo]) -> [VMInfo] {
+    infos.sorted(by: { left, right in left.Name < right.Name })
  }
 }
@@ -8,31 +8,53 @@ struct Login: AsyncParsableCommand {
  @Argument(help: "host")
  var host: String

-  func run() async throws {
-    do {
-      let (user, password) = try StdinCredentials.retrieve()
-      let credentialsProvider = DictionaryCredentialsProvider([
-        host: (user, password)
-      ])
+  @Option(help: "username")
+  var username: String?

-      do {
-        let registry = try Registry(host: host, namespace: "", credentialsProvider: credentialsProvider)
-        try await registry.ping()
-      } catch {
-        print("invalid credentials: \(error)")
+  @Flag(help: "password-stdin")
+  var passwordStdin: Bool = false

-        Foundation.exit(1)
-      }
+  @Flag(help: "connect to the OCI registry via insecure HTTP protocol")
+  var insecure: Bool = false

-      try KeychainCredentialsProvider().store(host: host, user: user, password: password)
+  func validate() throws {
+    let usernameProvided = username != nil
+    let passwordProvided = passwordStdin

-      Foundation.exit(0)
-    } catch {
-      print(error)
-
-      Foundation.exit(1)
+    if usernameProvided != passwordProvided {
+      throw ValidationError("both --username and --password-stdin are required")
    }
  }
+
+  func run() async throws {
+    var user: String
+    var password: String
+
+    if let username = username {
+      user = username
+
+      let passwordData = FileHandle.standardInput.readDataToEndOfFile()
+      password = String(decoding: passwordData, as: UTF8.self)
+
+      // Support "echo $PASSWORD | tart login --username $USERNAME --password-stdin $REGISTRY"
+      password.trimSuffix { c in c.isNewline }
+    } else {
+      (user, password) = try StdinCredentials.retrieve()
+    }
+    let credentialsProvider = DictionaryCredentialsProvider([
+      host: (user, password)
+    ])
+
+    do {
+      let registry = try Registry(host: host, namespace: "", insecure: insecure,
+                                  credentialsProviders: [credentialsProvider])
+      try await registry.ping()
+    } catch {
+      throw RuntimeError.InvalidCredentials("invalid credentials: \(error)")
+    }
+
+    try KeychainCredentialsProvider().store(host: host, user: user, password: password)
+  }
 }

 fileprivate class DictionaryCredentialsProvider: CredentialsProvider {
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import ArgumentParser
+import Dispatch
+import Sentry
+import SwiftUI
+import SwiftDate
+
+struct Prune: AsyncParsableCommand {
+  static var configuration = CommandConfiguration(abstract: "Prune OCI and IPSW caches")
+
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Remove cache entries last accessed more than n days ago",
+                             discussion: "For example, --older-than=7 will remove entries that weren't accessed by Tart in the last 7 days.",
+                             valueName: "n"))
+  var olderThan: UInt?
+
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Remove least recently used cache entries that do not fit the specified cache size budget n, expressed in gigabytes",
+                             discussion: "For example, --cache-budget=50 will effectively shrink all caches to a total size of 50 gigabytes.",
+                             valueName: "n"))
+  var cacheBudget: UInt?
+
+  @Flag(help: .hidden)
+  var gc: Bool = false
+
+  func validate() throws {
+    if olderThan == nil && cacheBudget == nil && !gc {
+      throw ValidationError("at least one pruning criteria must be specified")
+    }
+  }
+
+  func run() async throws {
+    if gc {
+      try VMStorageOCI().gc()
+    }
+
+    // Clean up cache entries based on last accessed date
+    if let olderThan = olderThan {
+      let olderThanInterval = Int(exactly: olderThan)!.days.timeInterval
+      let olderThanDate = Date().addingTimeInterval(olderThanInterval)
+
+      try Prune.pruneOlderThan(olderThanDate: olderThanDate)
+    }
+
+    // Clean up cache entries based on imposed cache size limit and entry's last accessed date
+    if let cacheBudget = cacheBudget {
+      try Prune.pruneCacheBudget(cacheBudgetBytes: UInt64(cacheBudget) * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
+    }
+  }
+
+  static func pruneOlderThan(olderThanDate: Date) throws {
+    let prunableStorages: [PrunableStorage] = [VMStorageOCI(), try IPSWCache()]
+    let prunables: [Prunable] = try prunableStorages.flatMap { try $0.prunables() }
+
+    try prunables.filter { try $0.accessDate() <= olderThanDate }.forEach { try $0.delete() }
+  }
+
+  static func pruneCacheBudget(cacheBudgetBytes: UInt64) throws {
+    let prunableStorages: [PrunableStorage] = [VMStorageOCI(), try IPSWCache()]
+    let prunables: [Prunable] = try prunableStorages
+      .flatMap { try $0.prunables() }
+      .sorted { try $0.accessDate() > $1.accessDate() }
+
+    var cacheBudgetBytes = cacheBudgetBytes
+    var prunablesToDelete: [Prunable] = []
+
+    for prunable in prunables {
+      let prunableSizeBytes = UInt64(try prunable.sizeBytes())
+
+      if prunableSizeBytes <= cacheBudgetBytes {
+        // Don't mark for deletion as
+        // there's a budget available
+        cacheBudgetBytes -= prunableSizeBytes
+      } else {
+        // Mark for deletion
+        prunablesToDelete.append(prunable)
+      }
+    }
+
+    try prunablesToDelete.forEach { try $0.delete() }
+  }
+
+  static func pruneReclaim(reclaimBytes: UInt64) throws {
+    let prunableStorages: [PrunableStorage] = [VMStorageOCI(), try IPSWCache()]
+    let prunables: [Prunable] = try prunableStorages
+      .flatMap { try $0.prunables() }
+      .sorted { try $0.accessDate() < $1.accessDate() }
+
+    // Does it even make sense to start?
+    let cacheUsedBytes = try prunables.map { try $0.sizeBytes() }.reduce(0, +)
+    if cacheUsedBytes < reclaimBytes {
+      return
+    }
+
+    var cacheReclaimedBytes: Int = 0
+
+    var it = prunables.makeIterator()
+
+    while cacheReclaimedBytes <= reclaimBytes {
+      guard let prunable = it.next() else {
+        break
+      }
+
+      cacheReclaimedBytes += try prunable.sizeBytes()
+      try prunable.delete()
+
+      try SentrySDK.span?.setExtra(value: prunable.sizeBytes(), key: prunable.url.path);
+    }
+
+    SentrySDK.span?.setMeasurement(name: "gc_disk_reclaimed", value: cacheReclaimedBytes as NSNumber, unit: MeasurementUnitInformation.byte);
+  }
+}
@@ -8,28 +8,23 @@ struct Pull: AsyncParsableCommand {
  @Argument(help: "remote VM name")
  var remoteName: String

+  @Flag(help: "connect to the OCI registry via insecure HTTP protocol")
+  var insecure: Bool = false
+
  func run() async throws {
-    do {
-      // Be more liberal when accepting local image as argument,
-      // see https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/issues/36
-      if VMStorageLocal().exists(remoteName) {
-        print("\"\(remoteName)\" is a local image, nothing to pull here!")
+    // Be more liberal when accepting local image as argument,
+    // see https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/issues/36
+    if VMStorageLocal().exists(remoteName) {
+      print("\"\(remoteName)\" is a local image, nothing to pull here!")

-        Foundation.exit(0)
-      }
-
-      let remoteName = try RemoteName(remoteName)
-      let registry = try Registry(host: remoteName.host, namespace: remoteName.namespace)
-
-      defaultLogger.appendNewLine("pulling \(remoteName)...")
-
-      try await VMStorageOCI().pull(remoteName, registry: registry)
-
-      Foundation.exit(0)
-    } catch {
-      print(error)
-
-      Foundation.exit(1)
+      return
    }
+
+    let remoteName = try RemoteName(remoteName)
+    let registry = try Registry(host: remoteName.host, namespace: remoteName.namespace, insecure: insecure)
+
+    defaultLogger.appendNewLine("pulling \(remoteName)...")
+
+    try await VMStorageOCI().pull(remoteName, registry: registry)
  }
 }
@@ -6,62 +6,103 @@ import Compression
 struct Push: AsyncParsableCommand {
  static var configuration = CommandConfiguration(abstract: "Push a VM to a registry")

-  @Argument(help: "local VM name")
+  @Argument(help: "local or remote VM name")
  var localName: String

  @Argument(help: "remote VM name(s)")
  var remoteNames: [String]

+  @Flag(help: "connect to the OCI registry via insecure HTTP protocol")
+  var insecure: Bool = false
+
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("chunk size in MB if registry supports chunked uploads",
+                             discussion: """
+                             By default monolithic method is used for uploading blobs to the registry but some registries support a more efficient chunked method.
+                             For example, AWS Elastic Container Registry supports only chunks larger than 5MB but GitHub Container Registry supports only chunks smaller than 4MB. Google Container Registry on the other hand doesn't support chunked uploads at all.
+                             Please refer to the documentation of your particular registry in order to see if this option is suitable for you and what's the recommended chunk size.
+                             """))
+  var chunkSize: Int = 0
+
  @Flag(help: ArgumentHelp("cache pushed images locally",
-          discussion: "Increases disk usage, but saves time if you're going to pull the pushed images later."))
+                           discussion: "Increases disk usage, but saves time if you're going to pull the pushed images later."))
  var populateCache: Bool = false

  func run() async throws {
-    do {
-      let localVMDir = try VMStorageLocal().open(localName)
+    let ociStorage = VMStorageOCI()
+    let localVMDir = try VMStorageHelper.open(localName)

-      // Parse remote names supplied by the user
-      let remoteNames = try remoteNames.map{
-        try RemoteName($0)
-      }
+    // Parse remote names supplied by the user
+    let remoteNames = try remoteNames.map{
+      try RemoteName($0)
+    }

-      // Group remote names by registry
-      struct RegistryIdentifier: Hashable, Equatable {
-        var host: String
-        var namespace: String
-      }
+    // Group remote names by registry
+    struct RegistryIdentifier: Hashable, Equatable {
+      var host: String
+      var namespace: String
+    }

-      let registryGroups = Dictionary(grouping: remoteNames, by: {
-        RegistryIdentifier(host: $0.host, namespace: $0.namespace)
-      })
+    let registryGroups = Dictionary(grouping: remoteNames, by: {
+      RegistryIdentifier(host: $0.host, namespace: $0.namespace)
+    })

-      // Push VM
-      for (registryIdentifier, remoteNamesForRegistry) in registryGroups {
-        let registry = try Registry(host: registryIdentifier.host, namespace: registryIdentifier.namespace)
+    // Push VM
+    for (registryIdentifier, remoteNamesForRegistry) in registryGroups {
+      let registry = try Registry(host: registryIdentifier.host, namespace: registryIdentifier.namespace,
+                                  insecure: insecure)

-        defaultLogger.appendNewLine("pushing \(localName) to "
-          + "\(registryIdentifier.host)/\(registryIdentifier.namespace)\(remoteNamesForRegistry.referenceNames())...")
+      defaultLogger.appendNewLine("pushing \(localName) to "
+        + "\(registryIdentifier.host)/\(registryIdentifier.namespace)\(remoteNamesForRegistry.referenceNames())...")

-        let pushedRemoteName = try await localVMDir.pushToRegistry(registry: registry, references: remoteNamesForRegistry.map{ $0.reference.value })
+      let references = remoteNamesForRegistry.map{ $0.reference.value }

+      let pushedRemoteName: RemoteName
+      // If we're pushing a local OCI VM, check if points to an already existing registry manifest
+      // and if so, only upload manifests (without config, disk and NVRAM) to the user-specified references
+      if let remoteName = try? RemoteName(localName) {
+        pushedRemoteName = try await lightweightPushToRegistry(
+          registry: registry, 
+          remoteName: remoteName,
+          references: references
+        )
+      } else {
+        pushedRemoteName = try await localVMDir.pushToRegistry(
+          registry: registry,
+          references: references,
+          chunkSizeMb: chunkSize
+        )
        // Populate the local cache (if requested)
        if populateCache {
-          let ociStorage = VMStorageOCI()
          let expectedPushedVMDir = try ociStorage.create(pushedRemoteName)
          try localVMDir.clone(to: expectedPushedVMDir, generateMAC: false)
-          for remoteName in remoteNamesForRegistry {
-            try ociStorage.link(from: remoteName, to: pushedRemoteName)
-          }
        }
      }

-      Foundation.exit(0)
-    } catch {
-      print(error)
-
-      Foundation.exit(1)
+      // link the rest remote names
+      if populateCache {
+        for remoteName in remoteNamesForRegistry {
+          try ociStorage.link(from: remoteName, to: pushedRemoteName)
+        }
+      }
    }
  }
+
+  func lightweightPushToRegistry(registry: Registry, remoteName: RemoteName, references: [String]) async throws -> RemoteName {
+    // Is the local OCI VM already present in the registry?
+    let digest = try VMStorageOCI().digest(remoteName)
+
+    let (remoteManifest, _) = try await registry.pullManifest(reference: digest)
+
+    // Overwrite registry's references with the retrieved manifest
+    for reference in references {
+      defaultLogger.appendNewLine("pushing manifest for \(reference)...")
+
+      _ = try await registry.pushManifest(reference: reference, manifest: remoteManifest)
+    }
+
+    return RemoteName(host: registry.baseURL.host!, namespace: registry.namespace,
+                      reference: Reference(digest: digest))
+  }
 }

 extension Collection where Element == RemoteName {
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import ArgumentParser
+import Foundation
+
+struct Rename: AsyncParsableCommand {
+  static var configuration = CommandConfiguration(abstract: "Rename a VM")
+
+  @Argument(help: "VM name")
+  var name: String
+
+  @Argument(help: "new VM name")
+  var newName: String
+
+  func validate() throws {
+    if newName.contains("/") {
+      throw ValidationError("<new-name> should be a local name")
+    }
+  }
+
+  func run() async throws {
+    let localStorage = VMStorageLocal()
+
+    if !localStorage.exists(name) {
+      throw ValidationError("failed to rename a non-existent VM: \(name)")
+    }
+
+    if localStorage.exists(newName) {
+      throw ValidationError("failed to rename VM \(name), target VM \(name) already exists, delete it first!")
+    }
+
+    try localStorage.rename(name, newName)
+  }
+}
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import ArgumentParser
+import Cocoa
 import Dispatch
 import SwiftUI
 import Virtualization
+import Sentry

 var vm: VM?

@@ -15,67 +17,371 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
  var name: String

  @Flag(help: ArgumentHelp(
-          "Don't open a UI window.",
-          discussion: "Useful for integrating Tart VMs into other tools.\nUse `tart ip` in order to get an IP for SSHing or VNCing into the VM.")) 
+    "Don't open a UI window.",
+    discussion: "Useful for integrating Tart VMs into other tools.\nUse `tart ip` in order to get an IP for SSHing or VNCing into the VM."))
  var noGraphics: Bool = false

-  @Flag(help: "Boot into recovery mode") 
-  var recovery: Bool = false
-  
  @Flag(help: ArgumentHelp(
-          "Use screen sharing instead of the built-in UI.",
-          discussion: "Useful since VNC supports copy/paste, drag and drop, etc.\nNote that Remote Login option should be enabled inside the VM.")) 
+    "Open serial console in /dev/ttySXX",
+    discussion: "Useful for debugging Linux Kernel."))
+  var serial: Bool = false
+
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp(
+    "Attach an externally created serial console",
+    discussion: "Alternative to `--serial` flag for programmatic integrations."
+  ))
+  var serialPath: String?
+
+  @Flag(help: "Force open a UI window, even when VNC is enabled.")
+  var graphics: Bool = false
+
+  @Flag(help: "Boot into recovery mode")
+  var recovery: Bool = false
+
+  @Flag(help: ArgumentHelp(
+    "Use screen sharing instead of the built-in UI.",
+    discussion: "Useful since Screen Sharing supports copy/paste, drag and drop, etc.\n"
+      + "Note that Remote Login option should be enabled inside the VM."))
  var vnc: Bool = false

+  @Flag(help: ArgumentHelp(
+    "Use Virtualization.Framework's VNC server instead of the build-in UI.",
+    discussion: "Useful since this type of VNC is available in recovery mode and in macOS installation.\n"
+      + "Note that this feature is experimental and there may be bugs present when using VNC."))
+  var vncExperimental: Bool = false
+
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("""
+  Additional disk attachments with an optional read-only specifier\n(e.g. --disk=\"disk.bin\" --disk=\"ubuntu.iso:ro\")
+  """, discussion: """
+  Learn how to create a disk image using Disk Utility here:
+  https://support.apple.com/en-gb/guide/disk-utility/dskutl11888/mac
+  """, valueName: "path[:ro]"))
+  var disk: [String] = []
+
+  @Option(name: [.customLong("rosetta")], help: ArgumentHelp(
+    "Attaches a Rosetta share to the guest Linux VM with a specific tag (e.g. --rosetta=\"rosetta\")",
+    discussion: """
+    Requires host to be macOS 13.0 (Ventura) with Rosetta installed. The latter can be done
+    by running "softwareupdate --install-rosetta" (without quotes) in the Terminal.app.
+
+    Note that you also have to configure Rosetta in the guest Linux VM by following the
+    steps from "Mount the Shared Directory and Register Rosetta" section here:
+    https://developer.apple.com/documentation/virtualization/running_intel_binaries_in_linux_vms_with_rosetta#3978496
+    """,
+    valueName: "tag"
+  ))
+  var rosettaTag: String?
+
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("""
+  Additional directory shares with an optional read-only specifier\n(e.g. --dir=\"build:~/src/build\" --dir=\"sources:~/src/sources:ro\")
+  """, discussion: """
+  Requires host to be macOS 13.0 (Ventura) or newer.
+  All shared directories are automatically mounted to "/Volumes/My Shared Files" directory on macOS,
+  while on Linux you have to do it manually: "mount -t virtiofs com.apple.virtio-fs.automount /mount/point".
+  For macOS guests, they must be running macOS 13.0 (Ventura) or newer.
+  """, valueName: "name:path[:ro]"))
+  var dir: [String] = []
+
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("""
+  Use bridged networking instead of the default shared (NAT) networking \n(e.g. --net-bridged=en0 or --net-bridged=\"Wi-Fi\")
+  """, discussion: """
+  Specify "list" as an interface name (--net-bridged=list) to list the available bridged interfaces.
+  """, valueName: "interface name"))
+  var netBridged: String?
+
+  @Flag(help: ArgumentHelp("Use software networking instead of the default shared (NAT) networking",
+                           discussion: "Learn how to configure Softnet for use with Tart here: https://github.com/cirruslabs/softnet"))
+  var netSoftnet: Bool = false
+
+  func validate() throws {
+    if vnc && vncExperimental {
+      throw ValidationError("--vnc and --vnc-experimental are mutually exclusive")
+    }
+    if netBridged != nil && netSoftnet {
+      throw ValidationError("--net-bridged and --net-softnet are mutually exclusive")
+    }
+
+    if graphics && noGraphics {
+      throw ValidationError("--graphics and --no-graphics are mutually exclusive")
+    }
+  }
+
  @MainActor
  func run() async throws {
-    if recovery && vnc {
-      print("You can't run in recovery and use VNC!")
-      Foundation.exit(1)      
-    }
-    
    let vmDir = try VMStorageLocal().open(name)
-    vm = try VM(vmDir: vmDir)

-    await withThrowingTaskGroup(of: Void.self) { group in
-      if vnc {
-        group.addTask(operation: {
-          do {
-            print("Waiting for the VM to boot...")
-            let resolvedIP = try await IP.resolveIP(vm!.config, secondsToWait: 60)
-            guard let ip = resolvedIP else {
-              throw IPNotFound()
-            }
-            let url = URL(string: "vnc://\(ip)")!
-            print("Opening \(url)")
-            NSWorkspace.shared.open(url)
-          } catch {
-            print("Failed to get an IP for screen sharing: \(error)")
-          }
-        })
+    if netSoftnet && isInteractiveSession() {
+      try Softnet.configureSUIDBitIfNeeded()
+    }
+
+    let additionalDiskAttachments = try additionalDiskAttachments()
+
+    // Error out if the disk is locked by the host (e.g. it was mounted in Finder),
+    // see https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/issues/323 for more details.
+    for additionalDiskAttachment in additionalDiskAttachments {
+      // Read-only attachments do not seem to acquire the lock
+      if additionalDiskAttachment.isReadOnly {
+        continue
      }
-      group.addTask {
-        do {
-          try await vm!.run(recovery)

-          Foundation.exit(0)
-        } catch {
-          if error.localizedDescription.contains("Failed to lock auxiliary storage.") {
-            print("Virtual machine \"\(name)\" is already running!")
+      if try !FileLock(lockURL: additionalDiskAttachment.url).trylock() {
+        throw RuntimeError.DiskAlreadyInUse("disk \(additionalDiskAttachment.url.path) seems to be already in use, "
+          + "unmount it first in Finder")
+      }
+    }
+
+    var serialPorts: [VZSerialPortConfiguration] = []
+    if serial {
+      let tty_fd = createPTY()
+      if (tty_fd < 0) {
+        throw RuntimeError.VMConfigurationError("Failed to create PTY")
+      }
+      let tty_read = FileHandle.init(fileDescriptor: tty_fd)
+      let tty_write = FileHandle.init(fileDescriptor: tty_fd)
+      serialPorts.append(createSerialPortConfiguration(tty_read, tty_write))
+    } else if serialPath != nil {
+      let tty_read = FileHandle.init(forReadingAtPath: serialPath!)
+      let tty_write = FileHandle.init(forWritingAtPath: serialPath!)
+      if (tty_read == nil || tty_write == nil) {
+        throw RuntimeError.VMConfigurationError("Failed to open PTY")
+      }
+      serialPorts.append(createSerialPortConfiguration(tty_read!, tty_write!))
+    }
+
+    vm = try VM(
+      vmDir: vmDir,
+      network: userSpecifiedNetwork(vmDir: vmDir) ?? NetworkShared(),
+      additionalDiskAttachments: additionalDiskAttachments,
+      directorySharingDevices: directoryShares() + rosettaDirectoryShare(),
+      serialPorts: serialPorts
+    )
+
+    let vncImpl: VNC? = try {
+      if vnc {
+        let vmConfig = try VMConfig.init(fromURL: vmDir.configURL)
+        return ScreenSharingVNC(vmConfig: vmConfig)
+      } else if vncExperimental {
+        return FullFledgedVNC(virtualMachine: vm!.virtualMachine)
+      } else {
+        return nil
+      }
+    }()
+
+    // Lock the VM
+    //
+    // More specifically, lock the "config.json", because we can't lock
+    // directories with fcntl(2)-based locking and we better not interfere
+    // with the VM's disk and NVRAM, because they are opened (and even seem
+    // to be locked) directly by the Virtualization.Framework's process.
+    //
+    // Note that due to "completely stupid semantics"[1] of the fcntl-based
+    // file locking, we need to acquire the lock after we read the VM's
+    // configuration file, otherwise we will loose the lock.
+    //
+    // [1]: https://man.openbsd.org/fcntl
+    let lock = try PIDLock(lockURL: vmDir.configURL)
+    if try !lock.trylock() {
+      throw RuntimeError.VMAlreadyRunning("VM \"\(name)\" is already running!")
+    }
+
+    let task = Task {
+      do {
+        if let vncImpl = vncImpl {
+          let vncURL = try await vncImpl.waitForURL()
+
+          if noGraphics || ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["CI"] != nil {
+            print("VNC server is running at \(vncURL)")
          } else {
-            print(error)
+            print("Opening \(vncURL)...")
+            NSWorkspace.shared.open(vncURL)
          }
+        }

-          Foundation.exit(1)
+        try await vm!.run(recovery)
+
+        if let vncImpl = vncImpl {
+          try vncImpl.stop()
+        }
+
+        Foundation.exit(0)
+      } catch {
+        // Capture the error into Sentry
+        SentrySDK.capture(error: error)
+        SentrySDK.flush(timeout: 2.seconds.timeInterval)
+
+        fputs("\(error)\n", stderr)
+
+        Foundation.exit(1)
+      }
+    }
+
+    let sigintSrc = DispatchSource.makeSignalSource(signal: SIGINT)
+    sigintSrc.setEventHandler {
+      task.cancel()
+    }
+    sigintSrc.activate()
+
+    let useVNCWithoutGraphics = (vnc || vncExperimental) && !graphics
+    if noGraphics || useVNCWithoutGraphics {
+      dispatchMain()
+    } else {
+      runUI()
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func createSerialPortConfiguration(_ tty_read: FileHandle, _ tty_write: FileHandle) -> VZVirtioConsoleDeviceSerialPortConfiguration {
+    let serialPortConfiguration = VZVirtioConsoleDeviceSerialPortConfiguration()
+    let serialPortAttachment = VZFileHandleSerialPortAttachment(
+      fileHandleForReading: tty_read,
+      fileHandleForWriting: tty_write)
+
+    serialPortConfiguration.attachment = serialPortAttachment
+    return serialPortConfiguration
+  }
+
+  func isInteractiveSession() -> Bool {
+    isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) == 1
+  }
+
+  func userSpecifiedNetwork(vmDir: VMDirectory) throws -> Network? {
+    if netSoftnet {
+      let config = try VMConfig.init(fromURL: vmDir.configURL)
+
+      return try Softnet(vmMACAddress: config.macAddress.string)
+    }
+
+    if let netBridged = netBridged {
+      let matchingInterfaces = VZBridgedNetworkInterface.networkInterfaces.filter { interface in
+        interface.identifier == netBridged || interface.localizedDisplayName == netBridged
+      }
+
+      if matchingInterfaces.isEmpty {
+        let available = bridgeInterfaces().joined(separator: ", ")
+        throw ValidationError("no bridge interfaces matched \"\(netBridged)\", "
+          + "available interfaces: \(available)")
+      }
+
+      if matchingInterfaces.count > 1 {
+        throw ValidationError("more than one bridge interface matched \"\(netBridged)\", "
+          + "consider refining the search criteria")
+      }
+
+      return NetworkBridged(interface: matchingInterfaces.first!)
+    }
+
+    return nil
+  }
+
+  func bridgeInterfaces() -> [String] {
+    VZBridgedNetworkInterface.networkInterfaces.map { interface in
+      var bridgeDescription = interface.identifier
+
+      if let localizedDisplayName = interface.localizedDisplayName {
+        bridgeDescription += " (or \"\(localizedDisplayName)\")"
+      }
+
+      return bridgeDescription
+    }
+  }
+
+  func additionalDiskAttachments() throws -> [VZDiskImageStorageDeviceAttachment] {
+    var result: [VZDiskImageStorageDeviceAttachment] = []
+    let readOnlySuffix = ":ro"
+    let expandedDiskPaths = disk.map { NSString(string:$0).expandingTildeInPath }
+
+    for rawDisk in expandedDiskPaths {
+      if rawDisk.hasSuffix(readOnlySuffix) {
+        result.append(try VZDiskImageStorageDeviceAttachment(
+          url: URL(fileURLWithPath: String(rawDisk.prefix(rawDisk.count - readOnlySuffix.count))),
+          readOnly: true
+        ))
+      } else {
+        result.append(try VZDiskImageStorageDeviceAttachment(
+          url: URL(fileURLWithPath: rawDisk),
+          readOnly: false
+        ))
+      }
+    }
+
+    return result
+  }
+
+  func directoryShares() throws -> [VZDirectorySharingDeviceConfiguration] {
+    if dir.isEmpty {
+      return []
+    }
+
+    guard #available(macOS 13, *) else {
+      throw UnsupportedOSError("directory sharing", "is")
+    }
+
+    struct DirectoryShare {
+      let name: String
+      let path: URL
+      let readOnly: Bool
+    }
+
+    var directoryShares: [DirectoryShare] = []
+
+    for rawDir in dir {
+      let splits = rawDir.split(maxSplits: 2) { $0 == ":" }
+
+      if splits.count < 2 {
+        throw ValidationError("invalid --dir syntax: should at least include name and path, colon-separated")
+      }
+
+      var readOnly: Bool = false
+
+      if splits.count == 3 {
+        if splits[2] == "ro" {
+          readOnly = true
+        } else {
+          throw ValidationError("invalid --dir syntax: optional read-only specifier can only be \"ro\"")
        }
      }

-      if noGraphics || vnc {
-        dispatchMain()
-      } else {
-        runUI()
-      }
+      let (name, path) = (String(splits[0]), String(splits[1]))
+
+      directoryShares.append(DirectoryShare(
+        name: name,
+        path: URL(fileURLWithPath: NSString(string: path).expandingTildeInPath),
+        readOnly: readOnly)
+      )
    }
+
+    var directories: [String : VZSharedDirectory] = Dictionary()
+    directoryShares.forEach { directories[$0.name] = VZSharedDirectory(url: $0.path, readOnly: $0.readOnly) }
+
+    let automountTag = VZVirtioFileSystemDeviceConfiguration.macOSGuestAutomountTag
+    let sharingDevice = VZVirtioFileSystemDeviceConfiguration(tag: automountTag)
+    sharingDevice.share = VZMultipleDirectoryShare(directories: directories)
+
+    return [sharingDevice]
+  }
+
+  private func rosettaDirectoryShare() throws -> [VZDirectorySharingDeviceConfiguration] {
+    guard let rosettaTag = rosettaTag else {
+      return []
+    }
+
+    guard #available(macOS 13, *) else {
+      throw UnsupportedOSError("Rosetta directory share", "is")
+    }
+
+    switch VZLinuxRosettaDirectoryShare.availability {
+    case .notInstalled:
+      throw UnsupportedOSError("Rosetta directory share", "is", "that have Rosetta installed")
+    case .notSupported:
+      throw UnsupportedOSError("Rosetta directory share", "is", "running Apple silicon")
+    default:
+      break
+    }
+
+    try VZVirtioFileSystemDeviceConfiguration.validateTag(rosettaTag)
+    let device = VZVirtioFileSystemDeviceConfiguration(tag: rosettaTag)
+    device.share = try VZLinuxRosettaDirectoryShare()
+
+    return [device]
  }

  private func runUI() {
@@ -86,24 +392,45 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
    nsApp.applicationIconImage = NSImage(data: AppIconData)

    struct MainApp: App {
+      @NSApplicationDelegateAdaptor private var appDelegate: MinimalMenuAppDelegate
+
      var body: some Scene {
        WindowGroup(vm!.name) {
          Group {
            VMView(vm: vm!).onAppear {
              NSWindow.allowsAutomaticWindowTabbing = false
+            }.onDisappear {
+              let ret = kill(getpid(), SIGINT)
+              if ret != 0 {
+                // Fallback to the old termination method that doesn't
+                // propagate the cancellation to Task's in case graceful
+                // termination via kill(2) is not successful
+                NSApplication.shared.terminate(self)
+              }
            }
          }.frame(width: CGFloat(vm!.config.display.width), height: CGFloat(vm!.config.display.height))
        }.commands {
-                  // Remove some standard menu options
-                  CommandGroup(replacing: .help, addition: {})
-                  CommandGroup(replacing: .newItem, addition: {})
-                  CommandGroup(replacing: .pasteboard, addition: {})
-                  CommandGroup(replacing: .textEditing, addition: {})
-                  CommandGroup(replacing: .undoRedo, addition: {})
-                  CommandGroup(replacing: .windowSize, addition: {})
-                  // Replace some standard menu options
-                  CommandGroup(replacing: .appInfo) { AboutTart() }
-                }
+          // Remove some standard menu options
+          CommandGroup(replacing: .help, addition: {})
+          CommandGroup(replacing: .newItem, addition: {})
+          CommandGroup(replacing: .pasteboard, addition: {})
+          CommandGroup(replacing: .textEditing, addition: {})
+          CommandGroup(replacing: .undoRedo, addition: {})
+          CommandGroup(replacing: .windowSize, addition: {})
+          // Replace some standard menu options
+          CommandGroup(replacing: .appInfo) { AboutTart(config: vm!.config) }
+          CommandMenu("Control") {
+            Button("Start") {
+              Task { try await vm!.virtualMachine.start() }
+            }
+            Button("Stop") {
+              Task { try await vm!.virtualMachine.stop() }
+            }
+            Button("Request Stop") {
+              Task { try vm!.virtualMachine.requestStop() }
+            }
+          }
+        }
      }
    }

@@ -111,14 +438,42 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
  }
 }

+// The only way to fully remove Edit menu item.
+class MinimalMenuAppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, ObservableObject {
+  let indexOfEditMenu = 2
+
+  func applicationDidFinishLaunching(_ : Notification) {
+    NSApplication.shared.mainMenu?.removeItem(at: indexOfEditMenu)
+  }
+}
+
 struct AboutTart: View {
+  var credits: NSAttributedString
+
+  init(config: VMConfig) {
+    let mutableAttrStr = NSMutableAttributedString()
+    let style = NSMutableParagraphStyle()
+    style.alignment = NSTextAlignment.center
+    let attrCenter: [NSAttributedString.Key : Any] = [
+      .paragraphStyle: style,
+    ]
+    mutableAttrStr.append(NSAttributedString(string: "CPU: \(config.cpuCount) cores\n", attributes: attrCenter))
+    mutableAttrStr.append(NSAttributedString(string: "Memory: \(config.memorySize / 1024 / 1024) MB\n", attributes: attrCenter))
+    mutableAttrStr.append(NSAttributedString(string: "Display: \(config.display.description)\n", attributes: attrCenter))
+    mutableAttrStr.append(NSAttributedString(string: "https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart", attributes: [
+      .paragraphStyle: style,
+      .link : "https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart"
+    ]))
+    credits = mutableAttrStr
+  }
+
  var body: some View {
    Button("About Tart") {
      NSApplication.shared.orderFrontStandardAboutPanel(options: [
        NSApplication.AboutPanelOptionKey.applicationIcon: NSApplication.shared.applicationIconImage as Any,
        NSApplication.AboutPanelOptionKey.applicationName: "Tart",
        NSApplication.AboutPanelOptionKey.applicationVersion: CI.version,
-        NSApplication.AboutPanelOptionKey.credits: try! NSAttributedString(markdown: "https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart"),
+        NSApplication.AboutPanelOptionKey.credits: credits,
      ])
    }
  }
@@ -131,7 +486,8 @@ struct VMView: NSViewRepresentable {

  func makeNSView(context: Context) -> NSViewType {
    let machineView = VZVirtualMachineView()
-    machineView.capturesSystemKeys = true
+    // so keys like take a windows screenshot (cmd+shift+4+space) works on the host and not guest
+    machineView.capturesSystemKeys = false
    return machineView
  }

@@ -11,47 +11,39 @@ struct Set: AsyncParsableCommand {
  var cpu: UInt16?

  @Option(help: "VM memory size in megabytes")
-  var memory: UInt16?
+  var memory: UInt64?

  @Option(help: "VM display resolution in a format of <width>x<height>. For example, 1200x800")
  var display: VMDisplayConfig?

  @Option(help: .hidden)
-  var diskSize: UInt8?
+  var diskSize: UInt16?

  func run() async throws {
-    do {
-      let vmDir = try VMStorageLocal().open(name)
-      var vmConfig = try VMConfig(fromURL: vmDir.configURL)
+    let vmDir = try VMStorageLocal().open(name)
+    var vmConfig = try VMConfig(fromURL: vmDir.configURL)

-      if let cpu = cpu {
-        try vmConfig.setCPU(cpuCount: Int(cpu))
+    if let cpu = cpu {
+      try vmConfig.setCPU(cpuCount: Int(cpu))
+    }
+
+    if let memory = memory {
+      try vmConfig.setMemory(memorySize: memory * 1024 * 1024)
+    }
+
+    if let display = display {
+      if (display.width > 0) {
+        vmConfig.display.width = display.width
      }
-
-      if let memory = memory {
-        try vmConfig.setMemory(memorySize: UInt64(memory) * 1024 * 1024)
+      if (display.height > 0) {
+        vmConfig.display.height = display.height
      }
+    }

-      if let display = display {
-        if (display.width > 0) {
-          vmConfig.display.width = display.width
-        }
-        if (display.height > 0) {
-          vmConfig.display.height = display.height
-        }
-      }
+    try vmConfig.save(toURL: vmDir.configURL)

-      try vmConfig.save(toURL: vmDir.configURL)
-
-      if diskSize != nil {
-        try vmDir.resizeDisk(diskSize!)
-      }
-
-      Foundation.exit(0)
-    } catch {
-      print(error)
-
-      Foundation.exit(1)
+    if diskSize != nil {
+      try vmDir.resizeDisk(diskSize!)
    }
  }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import ArgumentParser
+import Foundation
+import System
+import SwiftDate
+
+struct Stop: AsyncParsableCommand {
+  static var configuration = CommandConfiguration(commandName: "stop", abstract: "Stop a VM")
+
+  @Argument(help: "VM name")
+  var name: String
+
+  @Option(name: [.short, .long], help: "Seconds to wait for graceful termination before forcefully terminating the VM")
+  var timeout: UInt64 = 30
+
+  func run() async throws {
+    let vmDir = try VMStorageLocal().open(name)
+    let lock = try PIDLock(lockURL: vmDir.configURL)
+
+    // Find the VM's PID
+    var pid = try lock.pid()
+    if pid == 0 {
+      throw RuntimeError.VMNotRunning("VM \"\(name)\" is not running")
+    }
+
+    // Try to gracefully terminate the VM
+    //
+    // Note that we don't check the return code here
+    // to provide a clean exit from "tart stop" in cases
+    // when the VM is already shutting down and we hit
+    // a race condition.
+    //
+    // We check the return code in the kill(2) below, though,
+    // because it's a less common scenario and it would be
+    // nice to know for the user that we've tried all methods
+    // and failed to shutdown the VM.
+    kill(pid, SIGINT)
+
+    // Ensure that the VM has terminated
+    var gracefulWaitDuration = Measurement(value: Double(timeout), unit: UnitDuration.seconds)
+    let gracefulTickDuration = Measurement(value: Double(100), unit: UnitDuration.milliseconds)
+
+    while gracefulWaitDuration.value > 0 {
+      pid = try lock.pid()
+      if pid == 0 {
+        return
+      }
+
+      try await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: UInt64(gracefulTickDuration.converted(to: .nanoseconds).value))
+      gracefulWaitDuration = gracefulWaitDuration - gracefulTickDuration
+    }
+
+    // Seems that VM is still running, proceed with forceful termination
+    let ret = kill(pid, SIGKILL)
+    if ret != 0 {
+      let details = Errno(rawValue: CInt(errno))
+
+      throw RuntimeError.VMTerminationFailed("failed to forcefully terminate the VM \"\(name)\": \(details)")
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -1,9 +1,52 @@
 import Foundation

 struct Config {
-  public static let tartHomeDir: URL = FileManager.default
-          .homeDirectoryForCurrentUser
-          .appendingPathComponent(".tart", isDirectory: true)
+  let tartHomeDir: URL
+  let tartCacheDir: URL
+  let tartTmpDir: URL

-  public static let tartCacheDir: URL = tartHomeDir.appendingPathComponent("cache", isDirectory: true)
+  init() throws {
+    var tartHomeDir: URL
+
+    if let customTartHome = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["TART_HOME"] {
+      tartHomeDir = URL(fileURLWithPath: customTartHome)
+    } else {
+      tartHomeDir = FileManager.default
+        .homeDirectoryForCurrentUser
+        .appendingPathComponent(".tart", isDirectory: true)
+    }
+    self.tartHomeDir = tartHomeDir
+
+    tartCacheDir = tartHomeDir.appendingPathComponent("cache", isDirectory: true)
+    try FileManager.default.createDirectory(at: tartCacheDir, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
+
+    tartTmpDir = tartHomeDir.appendingPathComponent("tmp", isDirectory: true)
+    try FileManager.default.createDirectory(at: tartTmpDir, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
+  }
+
+  func gc() throws {
+    for entry in try FileManager.default.contentsOfDirectory(at: tartTmpDir,
+                                                             includingPropertiesForKeys: [], options: []) {
+      let lock = try FileLock(lockURL: entry)
+      if try !lock.trylock() {
+        continue
+      }
+
+      try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: entry)
+
+      try lock.unlock()
+    }
+  }
+
+  static func jsonEncoder() -> JSONEncoder {
+    let encoder = JSONEncoder()
+
+    encoder.outputFormatting = [.sortedKeys]
+
+    return encoder
+  }
+
+  static func jsonDecoder() -> JSONDecoder {
+    JSONDecoder()
+  }
 }
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import Foundation

 enum CredentialsProviderError: Error {
-    case Failed(message: String)
+  case Failed(message: String)
 }

 protocol CredentialsProvider {
-    func retrieve(host: String) throws -> (String, String)?
-    func store(host: String, user: String, password: String) throws
+  func retrieve(host: String) throws -> (String, String)?
+  func store(host: String, user: String, password: String) throws
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import Foundation
+
+class DockerConfigCredentialsProvider: CredentialsProvider {
+  func retrieve(host: String) throws -> (String, String)? {
+    let dockerConfigURL = FileManager.default.homeDirectoryForCurrentUser.appendingPathComponent(".docker").appendingPathComponent("config.json")
+    if !FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: dockerConfigURL.path) {
+      return nil
+    }
+    let config = try JSONDecoder().decode(DockerConfig.self, from: Data(contentsOf: dockerConfigURL))
+
+    if let credentialsFromAuth = config.auths?[host]?.decodeCredentials() {
+      return credentialsFromAuth
+    }
+    if let helperProgram = config.credHelpers?[host] {
+      return try executeHelper(binaryName: "docker-credential-\(helperProgram)", host: host)
+    }
+
+    return nil
+  }
+
+  private func executeHelper(binaryName: String, host: String) throws -> (String, String)? {
+    guard let executableURL = resolveBinaryPath(binaryName) else {
+      throw CredentialsProviderError.Failed(message: "\(binaryName) not found in PATH")
+    }
+
+    let process = Process.init()
+    process.executableURL = executableURL
+    process.arguments = ["get"]
+
+    let outPipe = Pipe()
+    let inPipe = Pipe()
+
+    process.standardOutput = outPipe
+    process.standardError = outPipe
+    process.standardInput = inPipe
+
+    process.launch()
+
+    inPipe.fileHandleForWriting.write("\(host)\n".data(using: .utf8)!)
+    inPipe.fileHandleForWriting.closeFile()
+
+    process.waitUntilExit()
+
+    if !(process.terminationReason == .exit && process.terminationStatus == 0) {
+      throw CredentialsProviderError.Failed(message: "Docker helper failed!")
+    }
+
+    let getOutput = try JSONDecoder().decode(
+      DockerGetOutput.self, from: outPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
+    )
+    return (getOutput.Username, getOutput.Secret)
+  }
+
+  func store(host: String, user: String, password: String) throws {
+    throw CredentialsProviderError.Failed(message: "Docker helpers don't support storing!")
+  }
+}
+
+struct DockerConfig: Codable {
+  var auths: Dictionary<String, DockerAuthConfig>? = Dictionary()
+  var credHelpers: Dictionary<String, String>? = Dictionary()
+}
+
+struct DockerAuthConfig: Codable {
+  var auth: String? = nil
+
+  func decodeCredentials() -> (String, String)? {
+    // auth is a base64("username:password")
+    guard let authBase64 = auth else {
+      return nil
+    }
+    guard let data = Data(base64Encoded: authBase64) else {
+      return nil
+    }
+    guard let components = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)?.components(separatedBy: ":") else {
+      return nil
+    }
+    if components.count != 2 {
+      return nil
+    }
+    return (components[0], components[1])
+  }
+}
+
+struct DockerGetOutput: Codable {
+  var Username: String
+  var Secret: String
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import Foundation
+
+class EnvironmentCredentialsProvider: CredentialsProvider {
+  func retrieve(host: String) throws -> (String, String)? {
+    let username = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["TART_REGISTRY_USERNAME"]
+    let password = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["TART_REGISTRY_PASSWORD"]
+    if let username = username, let password = password {
+      return (username, password)
+    }
+    return nil
+  }
+
+  func store(host: String, user: String, password: String) throws {
+  }
+}
@@ -1,54 +1,70 @@
 import Foundation

 class KeychainCredentialsProvider: CredentialsProvider {
-    func retrieve(host: String) throws -> (String, String)? {
-        let query: [String: Any] = [kSecClass as String: kSecClassInternetPassword,
-                                    kSecAttrProtocol as String: kSecAttrProtocolHTTPS,
-                                    kSecAttrServer as String: host,
-                                    kSecMatchLimit as String: kSecMatchLimitOne,
-                                    kSecReturnAttributes as String: true,
-                                    kSecReturnData as String: true,
-                                    kSecAttrLabel as String: "Tart Credentials",
-        ]
+  func retrieve(host: String) throws -> (String, String)? {
+    let query: [String: Any] = [kSecClass as String: kSecClassInternetPassword,
+                                kSecAttrProtocol as String: kSecAttrProtocolHTTPS,
+                                kSecAttrServer as String: host,
+                                kSecMatchLimit as String: kSecMatchLimitOne,
+                                kSecReturnAttributes as String: true,
+                                kSecReturnData as String: true,
+                                kSecAttrLabel as String: "Tart Credentials",
+    ]

-        var item: CFTypeRef?
-        let status = SecItemCopyMatching(query as CFDictionary, &item)
+    var item: CFTypeRef?
+    let status = SecItemCopyMatching(query as CFDictionary, &item)

-        if status != errSecSuccess {
-            if status == errSecItemNotFound {
-                return nil
-            }
+    if status != errSecSuccess {
+      if status == errSecItemNotFound {
+        return nil
+      }

-            throw CredentialsProviderError.Failed(message: "Keychain returned unsuccessful status \(status)")
-        }
-
-        guard let item = item as? [String: Any],
-              let user = item[kSecAttrAccount as String] as? String,
-              let passwordData = item[kSecValueData as String] as? Data,
-              let password = String(data: passwordData, encoding: .utf8)
-        else {
-            throw CredentialsProviderError.Failed(message: "Keychain item has unexpected format")
-        }
-
-        return (user, password)
+      throw CredentialsProviderError.Failed(message: "Keychain returned unsuccessful status \(status)")
    }

-    func store(host: String, user: String, password: String) throws {
-        let attributes: [String: Any] = [kSecClass as String: kSecClassInternetPassword,
-                                         kSecAttrAccount as String: user,
-                                         kSecAttrProtocol as String: kSecAttrProtocolHTTPS,
-                                         kSecAttrServer as String: host,
-                                         kSecValueData as String: password,
-                                         kSecAttrLabel as String: "Tart Credentials",
-        ]
-
-        let status = SecItemAdd(attributes as CFDictionary, nil)
-
-        switch status {
-        case errSecSuccess, errSecDuplicateItem:
-            return
-        default:
-            throw CredentialsProviderError.Failed(message: "Keychain returned unsuccessful status \(status)")
-        }
+    guard let item = item as? [String: Any],
+          let user = item[kSecAttrAccount as String] as? String,
+          let passwordData = item[kSecValueData as String] as? Data,
+          let password = String(data: passwordData, encoding: .utf8)
+    else {
+      throw CredentialsProviderError.Failed(message: "Keychain item has unexpected format")
    }
+
+    return (user, password)
+  }
+
+  func store(host: String, user: String, password: String) throws {
+    let passwordData = password.data(using: .utf8)
+    let key: [String: Any] = [kSecClass as String: kSecClassInternetPassword,
+                              kSecAttrProtocol as String: kSecAttrProtocolHTTPS,
+                              kSecAttrServer as String: host,
+                              kSecAttrLabel as String: "Tart Credentials",
+    ]
+    let value: [String: Any] = [kSecAttrAccount as String: user,
+                                kSecValueData as String: passwordData,
+    ]
+
+    let status = SecItemCopyMatching(key as CFDictionary, nil)
+
+    switch status {
+    case errSecItemNotFound:
+      let status = SecItemAdd(key.merging(value) { (current, _) in current } as CFDictionary, nil)
+      if status != errSecSuccess {
+        throw CredentialsProviderError.Failed(message: "Keychain failed to add item: \(status.explanation())")
+      }
+    case errSecSuccess:
+      let status = SecItemUpdate(key as CFDictionary, value as CFDictionary)
+      if status != errSecSuccess {
+        throw CredentialsProviderError.Failed(message: "Keychain failed to update item: \(status.explanation())")
+      }
+    default:
+      throw CredentialsProviderError.Failed(message: "Keychain failed to find item: \(status.explanation())")
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+extension OSStatus {
+  func explanation() -> CFString {
+    SecCopyErrorMessageString(self, nil) ?? "Unknown status code \(self)." as CFString
+  }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import Foundation
+import Sysctl
+
+class DeviceInfo {
+  private static var osMemoized: String? = nil
+  private static var modelMemoized: String? = nil
+
+  static var os: String {
+    if let os = osMemoized {
+      return os
+    }
+
+    osMemoized = getOS()
+
+    return osMemoized!
+  }
+
+  static var model: String {
+    if let model = modelMemoized {
+      return model
+    }
+
+    modelMemoized = getModel()
+
+    return modelMemoized!
+  }
+
+  private static func getOS() -> String {
+    let osVersion = ProcessInfo.processInfo.operatingSystemVersion
+
+    return "macOS \(osVersion.majorVersion).\(osVersion.minorVersion).\(osVersion.patchVersion)"
+  }
+
+  private static func getModel() -> String {
+    return SystemControl().hardware.model
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import Foundation
+import AsyncAlgorithms
+
+fileprivate let urlSession = createURLSession()
+
+class Fetcher {
+  static func fetch(_ request: URLRequest, viaFile: Bool = false) async throws -> (AsyncThrowingChannel<Data, Error>, HTTPURLResponse) {
+    if viaFile {
+      return try await fetchViaFile(request)
+    }
+
+    return try await fetchViaMemory(request)
+  }
+
+  private static func fetchViaMemory(_ request: URLRequest) async throws -> (AsyncThrowingChannel<Data, Error>, HTTPURLResponse) {
+    let dataCh = AsyncThrowingChannel<Data, Error>()
+
+    let (data, response) = try await urlSession.data(for: request)
+
+    Task {
+      await dataCh.send(data)
+
+      dataCh.finish()
+    }
+
+    return (dataCh, response as! HTTPURLResponse)
+  }
+
+  private static func fetchViaFile(_ request: URLRequest) async throws -> (AsyncThrowingChannel<Data, Error>, HTTPURLResponse) {
+    let dataCh = AsyncThrowingChannel<Data, Error>()
+
+    let (fileURL, response) = try await urlSession.download(for: request)
+
+    // Acquire a handle to the downloaded file and then remove it.
+    //
+    // This keeps a working reference to that file, yet we don't
+    // have to deal with the cleanup any more.
+    let fh = try FileHandle(forReadingFrom: fileURL)
+    try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: fileURL)
+
+    Task {
+      while let data = try fh.read(upToCount: 64 * 1024 * 1024) {
+        await dataCh.send(data)
+      }
+
+      dataCh.finish()
+    }
+
+    return (dataCh, response as! HTTPURLResponse)
+  }
+}
+
+fileprivate func createURLSession() -> URLSession {
+  let config = URLSessionConfiguration.default
+
+  // Harbor expects a CSRF token to be present if the HTTP client
+  // carries a session cookie between its requests[1] and fails if
+  // it was not present[2].
+  //
+  // To fix that, we disable the automatic cookies carry in URLSession.
+  //
+  // [1]: https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/blob/a4c577f9ec4f18396207a5e686433a6ba203d4ef/src/server/middleware/csrf/csrf.go#L78
+  // [2]: https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/issues/295
+  config.httpShouldSetCookies = false
+
+  return URLSession(configuration: config)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import Foundation
+import System
+
+enum FileLockError: Error, Equatable {
+  case Failed(_ message: String)
+  case AlreadyLocked
+}
+
+class FileLock {
+  let url: URL
+  let fd: Int32
+
+  init(lockURL: URL) throws {
+    url = lockURL
+    fd = open(lockURL.path, 0)
+  }
+
+  deinit {
+    close(fd)
+  }
+
+  func trylock() throws -> Bool {
+    try flockWrapper(LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)
+  }
+
+  func lock() throws {
+    _ = try flockWrapper(LOCK_EX)
+  }
+
+  func unlock() throws {
+    _ = try flockWrapper(LOCK_UN)
+  }
+
+  func flockWrapper(_ operation: Int32) throws -> Bool {
+    let ret = flock(fd, operation)
+    if ret != 0 {
+      let details = Errno(rawValue: CInt(errno))
+
+      if (operation & LOCK_NB) != 0 && details == .wouldBlock {
+        return false
+      }
+
+      throw FileLockError.Failed("failed to lock \(url): \(details)")
+    }
+
+    return true
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import ArgumentParser
+import Foundation
+import TextTable
+
+enum Format: String, ExpressibleByArgument, CaseIterable {
+  case text, json
+
+  private(set) static var allValueStrings: [String] = Format.allCases.map { "\($0)"}
+
+  func renderSingle<T>(_ data: T) -> String where T: Encodable {
+    switch self {
+    case .text:
+      return renderList([data])
+    case .json:
+      let encoder = JSONEncoder()
+      encoder.outputFormatting = .prettyPrinted
+      return try! encoder.encode(data).asText()
+    }
+  }
+
+  func renderList<T>(_ data: Array<T>) -> String where T: Encodable {
+    switch self {
+    case .text:
+      if (data.count == 0) {
+        return ""
+      }
+      let table = TextTable<T> { (item: T) in
+        let mirroredObject = Mirror(reflecting: item)
+        return mirroredObject.children.enumerated().map { (_, element) in
+          let fieldName = element.label!
+          return Column(title: fieldName, value: element.value)
+        }
+      }
+      return table.string(for: data, style: Style.plain)?.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines) ?? ""
+    case .json:
+      let encoder = JSONEncoder()
+      encoder.outputFormatting = .prettyPrinted
+      return try! encoder.encode(data).asText()
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import Foundation
+import Virtualization
+
+class IPSWCache: PrunableStorage {
+  let baseURL: URL
+
+  init() throws {
+    baseURL = try Config().tartCacheDir.appendingPathComponent("IPSWs", isDirectory: true)
+    try FileManager.default.createDirectory(at: baseURL, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
+  }
+
+  func locationFor(fileName: String) -> URL {
+    baseURL.appendingPathComponent(fileName, isDirectory: false)
+  }
+
+  func prunables() throws -> [Prunable] {
+    try FileManager.default.contentsOfDirectory(at: baseURL, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil)
+      .filter { $0.lastPathComponent.hasSuffix(".ipsw")}
+  }
+}
@@ -39,7 +39,9 @@ struct ARPCacheInternalError: Error, CustomStringConvertible {
 }

 struct ARPCache {
-  static func ResolveMACAddress(macAddress: MACAddress, bridgeOnly: Bool = true) throws -> IPv4Address? {
+  let arpCommandOutput: Data
+
+  init() throws {
    let process = Process.init()
    process.executableURL = URL.init(fileURLWithPath: "/usr/sbin/arp")
    process.arguments = ["-an"]
@@ -58,12 +60,17 @@ struct ARPCache {
        terminationStatus: process.terminationStatus)
    }

-    guard let rawLines = try pipe.fileHandleForReading.readToEnd() else {
+    guard let arpCommandOutput = try pipe.fileHandleForReading.readToEnd() else {
      throw ARPCommandYieldedInvalidOutputError(explanation: "empty output")
    }
-    let lines = String(decoding: rawLines, as: UTF8.self)
-            .trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines)
-            .components(separatedBy: "\n")
+
+    self.arpCommandOutput = arpCommandOutput
+  }
+
+  func ResolveMACAddress(macAddress: MACAddress) throws -> IPv4Address? {
+    let lines = String(decoding: arpCommandOutput, as: UTF8.self)
+      .trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines)
+      .components(separatedBy: "\n")

    // Based on https://opensource.apple.com/source/network_cmds/network_cmds-606.40.2/arp.tproj/arp.c.auto.html
    let regex = try NSRegularExpression(pattern: #"^.* \((?<ip>.*)\) at (?<mac>.*) on (?<interface>.*) .*$"#)
@@ -88,11 +95,6 @@ struct ARPCache {
        throw ARPCommandYieldedInvalidOutputError(explanation: "failed to parse MAC address \(rawMAC)")
      }

-      let interface = try match.getCaptureGroup(name: "interface", for: line)
-      if bridgeOnly && !interface.starts(with: "bridge") {
-        continue
-      }
-
      if macAddress == mac {
        return ip
      }
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import Network
+
+struct Lease {
+  var mac: MACAddress
+  var ip: IPv4Address
+
+  init?(fromRawLease: [String : String]) {
+    // Retrieve the required fields
+    guard let hwAddress = fromRawLease["hw_address"] else { return nil }
+    guard let ipAddress = fromRawLease["ip_address"] else { return nil }
+
+    // Parse MAC address
+    let hwAddressSplits = hwAddress.split(separator: ",")
+    if hwAddressSplits.count != 2 {
+      return nil
+    }
+    if let hwAddressProto = Int(hwAddressSplits[0]), hwAddressProto != ARPHRD_ETHER {
+      return nil
+    }
+    guard let mac = MACAddress(fromString: String(hwAddressSplits[1])) else {
+      return nil
+    }
+
+    // Parse IP address
+    guard let ip = IPv4Address(ipAddress) else {
+      return nil
+    }
+
+    self.ip = ip
+    self.mac = mac
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import Foundation
+import Network
+
+enum LeasesError: Error {
+  case UnexpectedFormat(name: String = "unexpected DHCPD leases file format", message: String, line: Int)
+  case Truncated(name: String = "truncated DHCPD leases file")
+
+  var description: String {
+    switch self {
+
+    case .UnexpectedFormat(name: let name, message: let message, line: let line):
+      return "\(name) on line \(line): \(message)"
+    case .Truncated(name: let name):
+      return "\(name)"
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+class Leases {
+  private let leases: [MACAddress : Lease]
+
+  convenience init?() throws {
+    try self.init(URL(fileURLWithPath: "/var/db/dhcpd_leases"))
+  }
+
+  convenience init?(_ fromURL: URL) throws {
+    do {
+      let urlContents = try String(contentsOf: fromURL, encoding: .utf8)
+      try self.init(urlContents)
+    } catch {
+      if error.isFileNotFound() {
+        return nil
+      }
+
+      throw error
+    }
+  }
+
+  init(_ fromString: String) throws {
+    var leases: [MACAddress : Lease] = Dictionary()
+
+    for lease in try Self.retrieveRawLeases(fromString).compactMap({ Lease(fromRawLease: $0) }) {
+      leases[lease.mac] = lease
+    }
+
+    self.leases = leases
+  }
+
+  /// Parse leases from the host cache similarly to the PLCache_read() function found in Apple's Open Source releases.
+  ///
+  /// [1]: https://github.com/apple-opensource/bootp/blob/master/bootplib/NICache.c#L285-L391
+  private static func retrieveRawLeases(_ dhcpdLeasesContents: String) throws -> [[String : String]] {
+    var rawLeases: [[String : String]] = Array()
+
+    enum State {
+      case Nowhere
+      case Start
+      case Body
+      case End
+    }
+    var state = State.Nowhere
+
+    var currentRawLease: [String : String] = Dictionary()
+
+    for (lineNumber, line) in dhcpdLeasesContents.split(separator: "\n").enumerated().map({ ($0 + 1, $1) }) {
+      if line == "{" {
+        // Handle lease block start
+        if state != .Nowhere && state != .End {
+          throw LeasesError.UnexpectedFormat(message: "unexpected lease block start ({)", line: lineNumber)
+        }
+
+        state = .Start
+      } else if line == "}" {
+        // Handle lease block end
+        if state != .Body {
+          throw LeasesError.UnexpectedFormat(message: "unexpected lease block end (})", line: lineNumber)
+        }
+
+        rawLeases.append(currentRawLease)
+        currentRawLease = Dictionary()
+
+        state = .End
+      } else {
+        // Handle lease block contents
+        let lineWithoutTabs = String(line.drop { $0 == " " || $0 == "\t"})
+
+        if lineWithoutTabs.isEmpty {
+          continue
+        }
+
+        let splits = lineWithoutTabs.split(separator: "=", maxSplits: 1)
+        if splits.count != 2 {
+          throw LeasesError.UnexpectedFormat(message: "key-value pair with only a key", line: lineNumber)
+        }
+        let (key, value) = (String(splits[0]), String(splits[1]))
+
+        currentRawLease[key] = value
+
+        state = .Body
+      }
+    }
+
+    if state == .Start || state == .Body {
+      throw LeasesError.Truncated()
+    }
+
+    return rawLeases
+  }
+
+  func ResolveMACAddress(macAddress: MACAddress) throws -> IPv4Address? {
+    leases[macAddress]?.ip
+  }
+}
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import Foundation

-struct MACAddress: Equatable, CustomStringConvertible {
+struct MACAddress: Equatable, Hashable, CustomStringConvertible {
  var mac: [UInt8] = Array(repeating: 0, count: 6)

  init?(fromString: String) {
@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ struct MACAddress: Equatable, CustomStringConvertible {
  }

  var description: String {
-    return String(format: "%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x", mac[0], mac[1], mac[2], mac[3], mac[4], mac[5])
+    String(format: "%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x", mac[0], mac[1], mac[2], mac[3], mac[4], mac[5])
  }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import Virtualization
+
+protocol Network {
+  func attachment() -> VZNetworkDeviceAttachment
+  func run(_ sema: DispatchSemaphore) throws
+  func stop() async throws
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import Foundation
+import Virtualization
+
+class NetworkBridged: Network {
+  let interface: VZBridgedNetworkInterface
+
+  init(interface: VZBridgedNetworkInterface) {
+    self.interface = interface
+  }
+
+  func attachment() -> VZNetworkDeviceAttachment {
+    VZBridgedNetworkDeviceAttachment(interface: interface)
+  }
+
+  func run(_ sema: DispatchSemaphore) throws {
+    // no-op, only used for Softnet
+  }
+
+  func stop() async throws {
+    // no-op, only used for Softnet
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import Foundation
+import Virtualization
+
+class NetworkShared: Network {
+  func attachment() -> VZNetworkDeviceAttachment {
+    VZNATNetworkDeviceAttachment()
+  }
+
+  func run(_ sema: DispatchSemaphore) throws {
+    // no-op, only used for Softnet
+  }
+
+  func stop() async throws {
+    // no-op, only used for Softnet
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+import Foundation
+import Virtualization
+import Atomics
+import System
+
+enum SoftnetError: Error {
+  case InitializationFailed(why: String)
+  case RuntimeFailed(why: String)
+}
+
+class Softnet: Network {
+  private let process = Process()
+  private var monitorTask: Task<Void, Error>? = nil
+  private let monitorTaskFinished = ManagedAtomic<Bool>(false)
+
+  let vmFD: Int32
+
+  init(vmMACAddress: String) throws {
+    let fds = UnsafeMutablePointer<Int32>.allocate(capacity: MemoryLayout<Int>.stride * 2)
+
+    let ret = socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, fds)
+    if ret != 0 {
+      throw SoftnetError.InitializationFailed(why: "socketpair() failed with exit code \(ret)")
+    }
+
+    vmFD = fds[0]
+    let softnetFD = fds[1]
+
+    try setSocketBuffers(vmFD, 1 * 1024 * 1024);
+    try setSocketBuffers(softnetFD, 1 * 1024 * 1024);
+
+    process.executableURL = try Self.softnetExecutableURL()
+    process.arguments = ["--vm-fd", String(STDIN_FILENO), "--vm-mac-address", vmMACAddress]
+    process.standardInput = FileHandle(fileDescriptor: softnetFD, closeOnDealloc: false)
+  }
+
+  static func softnetExecutableURL() throws -> URL {
+    let binaryName = "softnet"
+
+    guard let executableURL = resolveBinaryPath(binaryName) else {
+      throw SoftnetError.InitializationFailed(why: "\(binaryName) not found in PATH")
+    }
+
+    return executableURL
+  }
+
+  func run(_ sema: DispatchSemaphore) throws {
+    try process.run()
+
+    monitorTask = Task {
+      // Wait for the Softnet to finish
+      process.waitUntilExit()
+
+      // Signal to the caller that the Softnet has finished
+      sema.signal()
+
+      // Signal to ourselves that the Softnet has finished
+      monitorTaskFinished.store(true, ordering: .sequentiallyConsistent)
+    }
+  }
+
+  func stop() async throws {
+    if monitorTaskFinished.load(ordering: .sequentiallyConsistent) {
+      // Consume the monitor task's value to ensure the task has finished
+      _ = try await monitorTask?.value
+
+      throw SoftnetError.RuntimeFailed(why: "Softnet process terminated prematurely")
+    } else {
+      process.interrupt()
+
+      // Consume the monitor task's value to ensure the task has finished
+      _ = try await monitorTask?.value
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func setSocketBuffers(_ fd: Int32, _ sizeBytes: Int) throws {
+    let option_len = socklen_t(MemoryLayout<Int>.size)
+
+    // The system expects the value of SO_RCVBUF to be at least double the value of SO_SNDBUF,
+    // and for optimal performance, the recommended value of SO_RCVBUF is four times the value of SO_SNDBUF.
+    // See: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/virtualization/vzfilehandlenetworkdeviceattachment/3969266-maximumtransmissionunit
+    var receiveBufferSize = 4 * sizeBytes
+    var ret = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &receiveBufferSize, option_len)
+    if ret != 0 {
+      throw SoftnetError.InitializationFailed(why: "setsockopt(SO_RCVBUF) returned \(ret)")
+    }
+
+    var sendBufferSize = sizeBytes
+    ret = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &sendBufferSize, option_len)
+    if ret != 0 {
+      throw SoftnetError.InitializationFailed(why: "setsockopt(SO_SNDBUF) returned \(ret)")
+    }
+  }
+
+  func attachment() -> VZNetworkDeviceAttachment {
+    let fh = FileHandle.init(fileDescriptor: vmFD)
+    return VZFileHandleNetworkDeviceAttachment(fileHandle: fh)
+  }
+
+  static func configureSUIDBitIfNeeded() throws {
+    // Obtain the Softnet executable path
+    //
+    // It's important to use resolvingSymlinksInPath() here, because otherwise
+    // we will get something like "/opt/homebrew/bin/softnet" instead of
+    // "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/softnet/0.6.2/bin/softnet"
+    let softnetExecutablePath = try Softnet.softnetExecutableURL().resolvingSymlinksInPath().path
+
+    // Check if the SUID bit is already configured
+    let info = try FileManager.default.attributesOfItem(atPath: softnetExecutablePath) as NSDictionary
+    if info.fileOwnerAccountID() == 0 && (info.filePosixPermissions() & Int(S_ISUID)) != 0 {
+      return
+    }
+
+    // Check if the passwordless Sudo is already configured for Softnet
+    let sudoBinaryName = "sudo"
+
+    guard let sudoExecutableURL = resolveBinaryPath(sudoBinaryName) else {
+      throw SoftnetError.InitializationFailed(why: "\(sudoBinaryName) not found in PATH")
+    }
+
+    var process = Process()
+    process.executableURL = sudoExecutableURL
+    process.arguments = ["--non-interactive", "softnet", "--help"]
+    process.standardInput = nil
+    process.standardOutput = nil
+    process.standardError = nil
+    try process.run()
+    process.waitUntilExit()
+    if process.terminationStatus == 0 {
+      return
+    }
+
+    // Configure the SUID bit by spawning the Sudo process in interactive mode
+    // and asking the user for password required to run chown & chmod
+    fputs("Softnet requires a Sudo password to set the SUID bit on the Softnet executable, please enter it below.\n",
+          stderr)
+
+    process = try Process.run(sudoExecutableURL, arguments: [
+      "sh",
+      "-c",
+      "chown root \(softnetExecutablePath) && chmod u+s \(softnetExecutablePath)",
+    ])
+
+    // Set TTY's foreground process group to that of the Sudo process,
+    // otherwise it will get stopped by a SIGTTIN once user input arrives
+    if tcsetpgrp(STDIN_FILENO, process.processIdentifier) == -1 {
+      let details = Errno(rawValue: CInt(errno))
+
+      throw RuntimeError.SoftnetFailed("tcsetpgrp(2) failed: \(details)")
+    }
+
+    process.waitUntilExit()
+
+    if process.terminationStatus != 0 {
+      throw RuntimeError.SoftnetFailed("failed to configure SUID bit on Softnet executable with Sudo")
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import Foundation
+
+protocol Authentication {
+  func header() -> (String, String)
+  func isValid() -> Bool
+}
+
+struct BasicAuthentication: Authentication {
+  let user: String
+  let password: String
+
+  func header() -> (String, String) {
+    let creds = Data("\(user):\(password)".utf8).base64EncodedString()
+
+    return ("Authorization", "Basic \(creds)")
+  }
+
+  func isValid() -> Bool {
+    true
+  }
+}
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ class Digest {
 extension SHA256.Digest {
  func hexdigest() -> String {
    "sha256:" + self.map {
-              String(format: "%02x", $0)
-            }
-            .joined()
+      String(format: "%02x", $0)
+    }
+    .joined()
  }
 }
@@ -3,14 +3,54 @@ import Foundation
 let ociManifestMediaType = "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json"
 let ociConfigMediaType = "application/vnd.oci.image.config.v1+json"

+// Annotations
+let uncompressedDiskSizeAnnotation = "org.cirruslabs.tart.uncompressed-disk-size"
+
 struct OCIManifest: Codable, Equatable {
  var schemaVersion: Int = 2
  var mediaType: String = ociManifestMediaType
  var config: OCIManifestConfig
  var layers: [OCIManifestLayer] = Array()
+  var annotations: Dictionary<String, String>?
+
+  init(config: OCIManifestConfig, layers: [OCIManifestLayer], uncompressedDiskSize: UInt64? = nil) {
+    self.config = config
+    self.layers = layers
+
+    if let uncompressedDiskSize = uncompressedDiskSize {
+      annotations = [
+        uncompressedDiskSizeAnnotation: String(uncompressedDiskSize)
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+
+  init(fromJSON: Data) throws {
+    self = try Config.jsonDecoder().decode(Self.self, from: fromJSON)
+  }
+
+  func toJSON() throws -> Data {
+    try Config.jsonEncoder().encode(self)
+  }

  func digest() throws -> String {
-    try Digest.hash(JSONEncoder().encode(self))
+    try Digest.hash(toJSON())
+  }
+
+  func uncompressedDiskSize() -> UInt64? {
+    guard let value = annotations?[uncompressedDiskSizeAnnotation] else {
+      return nil
+    }
+
+    return UInt64(value)
+  }
+}
+
+struct OCIConfig: Codable {
+  var architecture: Architecture = .arm64
+  var os: OS = .darwin
+
+  func toJSON() throws -> Data {
+    try Config.jsonEncoder().encode(self)
  }
 }

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+token literal names:
+null
+':'
+'/'
+'.'
+'-'
+'@'
+'_'
+null
+null
+
+token symbolic names:
+null
+null
+null
+null
+null
+null
+null
+DIGIT
+LETTER
+
+rule names:
+root
+host
+port
+host_component
+namespace
+namespace_component
+reference
+tag
+separator
+name
+
+
+atn:
+[4, 1, 8, 95, 2, 0, 7, 0, 2, 1, 7, 1, 2, 2, 7, 2, 2, 3, 7, 3, 2, 4, 7, 4, 2, 5, 7, 5, 2, 6, 7, 6, 2, 7, 7, 7, 2, 8, 7, 8, 2, 9, 7, 9, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 24, 8, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 29, 8, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 1, 36, 8, 1, 10, 1, 12, 1, 39, 9, 1, 1, 2, 4, 2, 42, 8, 2, 11, 2, 12, 2, 43, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 5, 3, 49, 8, 3, 10, 3, 12, 3, 52, 9, 3, 1, 4, 1, 4, 1, 4, 5, 4, 57, 8, 4, 10, 4, 12, 4, 60, 9, 4, 1, 5, 1, 5, 3, 5, 64, 8, 5, 4, 5, 66, 8, 5, 11, 5, 12, 5, 67, 1, 6, 1, 6, 1, 6, 1, 6, 1, 6, 1, 6, 1, 6, 3, 6, 77, 8, 6, 1, 7, 1, 7, 1, 7, 1, 7, 5, 7, 83, 8, 7, 10, 7, 12, 7, 86, 9, 7, 1, 8, 1, 8, 1, 9, 4, 9, 91, 8, 9, 11, 9, 12, 9, 92, 1, 9, 0, 0, 10, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 0, 2, 2, 0, 3, 4, 6, 6, 1, 0, 7, 8, 95, 0, 20, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 32, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4, 41, 1, 0, 0, 0, 6, 45, 1, 0, 0, 0, 8, 53, 1, 0, 0, 0, 10, 65, 1, 0, 0, 0, 12, 76, 1, 0, 0, 0, 14, 78, 1, 0, 0, 0, 16, 87, 1, 0, 0, 0, 18, 90, 1, 0, 0, 0, 20, 23, 3, 2, 1, 0, 21, 22, 5, 1, 0, 0, 22, 24, 3, 4, 2, 0, 23, 21, 1, 0, 0, 0, 23, 24, 1, 0, 0, 0, 24, 25, 1, 0, 0, 0, 25, 26, 5, 2, 0, 0, 26, 28, 3, 8, 4, 0, 27, 29, 3, 12, 6, 0, 28, 27, 1, 0, 0, 0, 28, 29, 1, 0, 0, 0, 29, 30, 1, 0, 0, 0, 30, 31, 5, 0, 0, 1, 31, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 32, 37, 3, 6, 3, 0, 33, 34, 5, 3, 0, 0, 34, 36, 3, 6, 3, 0, 35, 33, 1, 0, 0, 0, 36, 39, 1, 0, 0, 0, 37, 35, 1, 0, 0, 0, 37, 38, 1, 0, 0, 0, 38, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 39, 37, 1, 0, 0, 0, 40, 42, 5, 7, 0, 0, 41, 40, 1, 0, 0, 0, 42, 43, 1, 0, 0, 0, 43, 41, 1, 0, 0, 0, 43, 44, 1, 0, 0, 0, 44, 5, 1, 0, 0, 0, 45, 50, 3, 18, 9, 0, 46, 47, 5, 4, 0, 0, 47, 49, 3, 18, 9, 0, 48, 46, 1, 0, 0, 0, 49, 52, 1, 0, 0, 0, 50, 48, 1, 0, 0, 0, 50, 51, 1, 0, 0, 0, 51, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 52, 50, 1, 0, 0, 0, 53, 58, 3, 10, 5, 0, 54, 55, 5, 2, 0, 0, 55, 57, 3, 10, 5, 0, 56, 54, 1, 0, 0, 0, 57, 60, 1, 0, 0, 0, 58, 56, 1, 0, 0, 0, 58, 59, 1, 0, 0, 0, 59, 9, 1, 0, 0, 0, 60, 58, 1, 0, 0, 0, 61, 63, 3, 18, 9, 0, 62, 64, 3, 16, 8, 0, 63, 62, 1, 0, 0, 0, 63, 64, 1, 0, 0, 0, 64, 66, 1, 0, 0, 0, 65, 61, 1, 0, 0, 0, 66, 67, 1, 0, 0, 0, 67, 65, 1, 0, 0, 0, 67, 68, 1, 0, 0, 0, 68, 11, 1, 0, 0, 0, 69, 70, 5, 1, 0, 0, 70, 77, 3, 14, 7, 0, 71, 72, 5, 5, 0, 0, 72, 73, 3, 18, 9, 0, 73, 74, 5, 1, 0, 0, 74, 75, 3, 18, 9, 0, 75, 77, 1, 0, 0, 0, 76, 69, 1, 0, 0, 0, 76, 71, 1, 0, 0, 0, 77, 13, 1, 0, 0, 0, 78, 84, 3, 18, 9, 0, 79, 80, 3, 16, 8, 0, 80, 81, 3, 18, 9, 0, 81, 83, 1, 0, 0, 0, 82, 79, 1, 0, 0, 0, 83, 86, 1, 0, 0, 0, 84, 82, 1, 0, 0, 0, 84, 85, 1, 0, 0, 0, 85, 15, 1, 0, 0, 0, 86, 84, 1, 0, 0, 0, 87, 88, 7, 0, 0, 0, 88, 17, 1, 0, 0, 0, 89, 91, 7, 1, 0, 0, 90, 89, 1, 0, 0, 0, 91, 92, 1, 0, 0, 0, 92, 90, 1, 0, 0, 0, 92, 93, 1, 0, 0, 0, 93, 19, 1, 0, 0, 0, 11, 23, 28, 37, 43, 50, 58, 63, 67, 76, 84, 92]
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+T__0=1
+T__1=2
+T__2=3
+T__3=4
+T__4=5
+T__5=6
+DIGIT=7
+LETTER=8
+':'=1
+'/'=2
+'.'=3
+'-'=4
+'@'=5
+'_'=6
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// Generated from java-escape by ANTLR 4.11.1
+
+import Antlr4
+
+
+/**
+ * This class provides an empty implementation of {@link ReferenceListener},
+ * which can be extended to create a listener which only needs to handle a subset
+ * of the available methods.
+ */
+open class ReferenceBaseListener: ReferenceListener {
+     public init() { }
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func enterRoot(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.RootContext) { }
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func exitRoot(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.RootContext) { }
+
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func enterHost(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.HostContext) { }
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func exitHost(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.HostContext) { }
+
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func enterPort(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.PortContext) { }
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func exitPort(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.PortContext) { }
+
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func enterHost_component(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.Host_componentContext) { }
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func exitHost_component(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.Host_componentContext) { }
+
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func enterNamespace(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.NamespaceContext) { }
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func exitNamespace(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.NamespaceContext) { }
+
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func enterNamespace_component(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.Namespace_componentContext) { }
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func exitNamespace_component(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.Namespace_componentContext) { }
+
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func enterReference(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.ReferenceContext) { }
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func exitReference(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.ReferenceContext) { }
+
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func enterTag(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.TagContext) { }
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func exitTag(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.TagContext) { }
+
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func enterSeparator(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.SeparatorContext) { }
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func exitSeparator(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.SeparatorContext) { }
+
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func enterName(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.NameContext) { }
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func exitName(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.NameContext) { }
+
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func enterEveryRule(_ ctx: ParserRuleContext) throws { }
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func exitEveryRule(_ ctx: ParserRuleContext) throws { }
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func visitTerminal(_ node: TerminalNode) { }
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The default implementation does nothing.</p>
+	 */
+	open func visitErrorNode(_ node: ErrorNode) { }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+token literal names:
+null
+':'
+'/'
+'.'
+'-'
+'@'
+'_'
+null
+null
+
+token symbolic names:
+null
+null
+null
+null
+null
+null
+null
+DIGIT
+LETTER
+
+rule names:
+T__0
+T__1
+T__2
+T__3
+T__4
+T__5
+DIGIT
+LETTER
+
+channel names:
+DEFAULT_TOKEN_CHANNEL
+HIDDEN
+
+mode names:
+DEFAULT_MODE
+
+atn:
+[4, 0, 8, 33, 6, -1, 2, 0, 7, 0, 2, 1, 7, 1, 2, 2, 7, 2, 2, 3, 7, 3, 2, 4, 7, 4, 2, 5, 7, 5, 2, 6, 7, 6, 2, 7, 7, 7, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 4, 1, 5, 1, 5, 1, 6, 1, 6, 1, 7, 1, 7, 0, 0, 8, 1, 1, 3, 2, 5, 3, 7, 4, 9, 5, 11, 6, 13, 7, 15, 8, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 48, 57, 2, 0, 65, 90, 97, 122, 32, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 17, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 19, 1, 0, 0, 0, 5, 21, 1, 0, 0, 0, 7, 23, 1, 0, 0, 0, 9, 25, 1, 0, 0, 0, 11, 27, 1, 0, 0, 0, 13, 29, 1, 0, 0, 0, 15, 31, 1, 0, 0, 0, 17, 18, 5, 58, 0, 0, 18, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 19, 20, 5, 47, 0, 0, 20, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 21, 22, 5, 46, 0, 0, 22, 6, 1, 0, 0, 0, 23, 24, 5, 45, 0, 0, 24, 8, 1, 0, 0, 0, 25, 26, 5, 64, 0, 0, 26, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0, 27, 28, 5, 95, 0, 0, 28, 12, 1, 0, 0, 0, 29, 30, 7, 0, 0, 0, 30, 14, 1, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 7, 1, 0, 0, 32, 16, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0]
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Generated from java-escape by ANTLR 4.11.1
+import Antlr4
+
+open class ReferenceLexer: Lexer {
+
+	internal static var _decisionToDFA: [DFA] = {
+          var decisionToDFA = [DFA]()
+          let length = ReferenceLexer._ATN.getNumberOfDecisions()
+          for i in 0..<length {
+          	    decisionToDFA.append(DFA(ReferenceLexer._ATN.getDecisionState(i)!, i))
+          }
+           return decisionToDFA
+     }()
+
+	internal static let _sharedContextCache = PredictionContextCache()
+
+	public
+	static let T__0=1, T__1=2, T__2=3, T__3=4, T__4=5, T__5=6, DIGIT=7, LETTER=8
+
+	public
+	static let channelNames: [String] = [
+		"DEFAULT_TOKEN_CHANNEL", "HIDDEN"
+	]
+
+	public
+	static let modeNames: [String] = [
+		"DEFAULT_MODE"
+	]
+
+	public
+	static let ruleNames: [String] = [
+		"T__0", "T__1", "T__2", "T__3", "T__4", "T__5", "DIGIT", "LETTER"
+	]
+
+	private static let _LITERAL_NAMES: [String?] = [
+		nil, "':'", "'/'", "'.'", "'-'", "'@'", "'_'"
+	]
+	private static let _SYMBOLIC_NAMES: [String?] = [
+		nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, "DIGIT", "LETTER"
+	]
+	public
+	static let VOCABULARY = Vocabulary(_LITERAL_NAMES, _SYMBOLIC_NAMES)
+
+
+	override open
+	func getVocabulary() -> Vocabulary {
+		return ReferenceLexer.VOCABULARY
+	}
+
+	public
+	required init(_ input: CharStream) {
+	    RuntimeMetaData.checkVersion("4.11.1", RuntimeMetaData.VERSION)
+		super.init(input)
+		_interp = LexerATNSimulator(self, ReferenceLexer._ATN, ReferenceLexer._decisionToDFA, ReferenceLexer._sharedContextCache)
+	}
+
+	override open
+	func getGrammarFileName() -> String { return "Reference.g4" }
+
+	override open
+	func getRuleNames() -> [String] { return ReferenceLexer.ruleNames }
+
+	override open
+	func getSerializedATN() -> [Int] { return ReferenceLexer._serializedATN }
+
+	override open
+	func getChannelNames() -> [String] { return ReferenceLexer.channelNames }
+
+	override open
+	func getModeNames() -> [String] { return ReferenceLexer.modeNames }
+
+	override open
+	func getATN() -> ATN { return ReferenceLexer._ATN }
+
+	static let _serializedATN:[Int] = [
+		4,0,8,33,6,-1,2,0,7,0,2,1,7,1,2,2,7,2,2,3,7,3,2,4,7,4,2,5,7,5,2,6,7,6,
+		2,7,7,7,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,2,1,2,1,3,1,3,1,4,1,4,1,5,1,5,1,6,1,6,1,7,1,
+		7,0,0,8,1,1,3,2,5,3,7,4,9,5,11,6,13,7,15,8,1,0,2,1,0,48,57,2,0,65,90,97,
+		122,32,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,3,1,0,0,0,0,5,1,0,0,0,0,7,1,0,0,0,0,9,1,0,0,0,0,11,
+		1,0,0,0,0,13,1,0,0,0,0,15,1,0,0,0,1,17,1,0,0,0,3,19,1,0,0,0,5,21,1,0,0,
+		0,7,23,1,0,0,0,9,25,1,0,0,0,11,27,1,0,0,0,13,29,1,0,0,0,15,31,1,0,0,0,
+		17,18,5,58,0,0,18,2,1,0,0,0,19,20,5,47,0,0,20,4,1,0,0,0,21,22,5,46,0,0,
+		22,6,1,0,0,0,23,24,5,45,0,0,24,8,1,0,0,0,25,26,5,64,0,0,26,10,1,0,0,0,
+		27,28,5,95,0,0,28,12,1,0,0,0,29,30,7,0,0,0,30,14,1,0,0,0,31,32,7,1,0,0,
+		32,16,1,0,0,0,1,0,0
+	]
+
+	public
+	static let _ATN: ATN = try! ATNDeserializer().deserialize(_serializedATN)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+T__0=1
+T__1=2
+T__2=3
+T__3=4
+T__4=5
+T__5=6
+DIGIT=7
+LETTER=8
+':'=1
+'/'=2
+'.'=3
+'-'=4
+'@'=5
+'_'=6
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// Generated from java-escape by ANTLR 4.11.1
+import Antlr4
+
+/**
+ * This interface defines a complete listener for a parse tree produced by
+ * {@link ReferenceParser}.
+ */
+public protocol ReferenceListener: ParseTreeListener {
+	/**
+	 * Enter a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#root}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func enterRoot(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.RootContext)
+	/**
+	 * Exit a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#root}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func exitRoot(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.RootContext)
+	/**
+	 * Enter a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#host}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func enterHost(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.HostContext)
+	/**
+	 * Exit a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#host}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func exitHost(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.HostContext)
+	/**
+	 * Enter a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#port}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func enterPort(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.PortContext)
+	/**
+	 * Exit a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#port}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func exitPort(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.PortContext)
+	/**
+	 * Enter a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#host_component}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func enterHost_component(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.Host_componentContext)
+	/**
+	 * Exit a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#host_component}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func exitHost_component(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.Host_componentContext)
+	/**
+	 * Enter a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#namespace}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func enterNamespace(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.NamespaceContext)
+	/**
+	 * Exit a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#namespace}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func exitNamespace(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.NamespaceContext)
+	/**
+	 * Enter a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#namespace_component}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func enterNamespace_component(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.Namespace_componentContext)
+	/**
+	 * Exit a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#namespace_component}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func exitNamespace_component(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.Namespace_componentContext)
+	/**
+	 * Enter a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#reference}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func enterReference(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.ReferenceContext)
+	/**
+	 * Exit a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#reference}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func exitReference(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.ReferenceContext)
+	/**
+	 * Enter a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#tag}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func enterTag(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.TagContext)
+	/**
+	 * Exit a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#tag}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func exitTag(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.TagContext)
+	/**
+	 * Enter a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#separator}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func enterSeparator(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.SeparatorContext)
+	/**
+	 * Exit a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#separator}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func exitSeparator(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.SeparatorContext)
+	/**
+	 * Enter a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#name}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func enterName(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.NameContext)
+	/**
+	 * Exit a parse tree produced by {@link ReferenceParser#name}.
+	 - Parameters:
+	   - ctx: the parse tree
+	 */
+	func exitName(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.NameContext)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,799 @@
+// Generated from java-escape by ANTLR 4.11.1
+import Antlr4
+
+open class ReferenceParser: Parser {
+
+	internal static var _decisionToDFA: [DFA] = {
+          var decisionToDFA = [DFA]()
+          let length = ReferenceParser._ATN.getNumberOfDecisions()
+          for i in 0..<length {
+            decisionToDFA.append(DFA(ReferenceParser._ATN.getDecisionState(i)!, i))
+           }
+           return decisionToDFA
+     }()
+
+	internal static let _sharedContextCache = PredictionContextCache()
+
+	public
+	enum Tokens: Int {
+		case EOF = -1, T__0 = 1, T__1 = 2, T__2 = 3, T__3 = 4, T__4 = 5, T__5 = 6, 
+                 DIGIT = 7, LETTER = 8
+	}
+
+	public
+	static let RULE_root = 0, RULE_host = 1, RULE_port = 2, RULE_host_component = 3, 
+            RULE_namespace = 4, RULE_namespace_component = 5, RULE_reference = 6, 
+            RULE_tag = 7, RULE_separator = 8, RULE_name = 9
+
+	public
+	static let ruleNames: [String] = [
+		"root", "host", "port", "host_component", "namespace", "namespace_component", 
+		"reference", "tag", "separator", "name"
+	]
+
+	private static let _LITERAL_NAMES: [String?] = [
+		nil, "':'", "'/'", "'.'", "'-'", "'@'", "'_'"
+	]
+	private static let _SYMBOLIC_NAMES: [String?] = [
+		nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, "DIGIT", "LETTER"
+	]
+	public
+	static let VOCABULARY = Vocabulary(_LITERAL_NAMES, _SYMBOLIC_NAMES)
+
+	override open
+	func getGrammarFileName() -> String { return "java-escape" }
+
+	override open
+	func getRuleNames() -> [String] { return ReferenceParser.ruleNames }
+
+	override open
+	func getSerializedATN() -> [Int] { return ReferenceParser._serializedATN }
+
+	override open
+	func getATN() -> ATN { return ReferenceParser._ATN }
+
+
+	override open
+	func getVocabulary() -> Vocabulary {
+	    return ReferenceParser.VOCABULARY
+	}
+
+	override public
+	init(_ input:TokenStream) throws {
+	    RuntimeMetaData.checkVersion("4.11.1", RuntimeMetaData.VERSION)
+		try super.init(input)
+		_interp = ParserATNSimulator(self,ReferenceParser._ATN,ReferenceParser._decisionToDFA, ReferenceParser._sharedContextCache)
+	}
+
+
+	public class RootContext: ParserRuleContext {
+			open
+			func host() -> HostContext? {
+				return getRuleContext(HostContext.self, 0)
+			}
+			open
+			func namespace() -> NamespaceContext? {
+				return getRuleContext(NamespaceContext.self, 0)
+			}
+			open
+			func EOF() -> TerminalNode? {
+				return getToken(ReferenceParser.Tokens.EOF.rawValue, 0)
+			}
+			open
+			func port() -> PortContext? {
+				return getRuleContext(PortContext.self, 0)
+			}
+			open
+			func reference() -> ReferenceContext? {
+				return getRuleContext(ReferenceContext.self, 0)
+			}
+		override open
+		func getRuleIndex() -> Int {
+			return ReferenceParser.RULE_root
+		}
+		override open
+		func enterRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.enterRoot(self)
+			}
+		}
+		override open
+		func exitRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.exitRoot(self)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	@discardableResult
+	 open func root() throws -> RootContext {
+		var _localctx: RootContext
+		_localctx = RootContext(_ctx, getState())
+		try enterRule(_localctx, 0, ReferenceParser.RULE_root)
+		var _la: Int = 0
+		defer {
+	    		try! exitRule()
+	    }
+		do {
+		 	try enterOuterAlt(_localctx, 1)
+		 	setState(20)
+		 	try host()
+		 	setState(23)
+		 	try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 	_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 	if (_la == ReferenceParser.Tokens.T__0.rawValue) {
+		 		setState(21)
+		 		try match(ReferenceParser.Tokens.T__0.rawValue)
+		 		setState(22)
+		 		try port()
+
+		 	}
+
+		 	setState(25)
+		 	try match(ReferenceParser.Tokens.T__1.rawValue)
+		 	setState(26)
+		 	try namespace()
+		 	setState(28)
+		 	try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 	_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 	if (_la == ReferenceParser.Tokens.T__0.rawValue || _la == ReferenceParser.Tokens.T__4.rawValue) {
+		 		setState(27)
+		 		try reference()
+
+		 	}
+
+		 	setState(30)
+		 	try match(ReferenceParser.Tokens.EOF.rawValue)
+
+		}
+		catch ANTLRException.recognition(let re) {
+			_localctx.exception = re
+			_errHandler.reportError(self, re)
+			try _errHandler.recover(self, re)
+		}
+
+		return _localctx
+	}
+
+	public class HostContext: ParserRuleContext {
+			open
+			func host_component() -> [Host_componentContext] {
+				return getRuleContexts(Host_componentContext.self)
+			}
+			open
+			func host_component(_ i: Int) -> Host_componentContext? {
+				return getRuleContext(Host_componentContext.self, i)
+			}
+		override open
+		func getRuleIndex() -> Int {
+			return ReferenceParser.RULE_host
+		}
+		override open
+		func enterRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.enterHost(self)
+			}
+		}
+		override open
+		func exitRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.exitHost(self)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	@discardableResult
+	 open func host() throws -> HostContext {
+		var _localctx: HostContext
+		_localctx = HostContext(_ctx, getState())
+		try enterRule(_localctx, 2, ReferenceParser.RULE_host)
+		var _la: Int = 0
+		defer {
+	    		try! exitRule()
+	    }
+		do {
+		 	try enterOuterAlt(_localctx, 1)
+		 	setState(32)
+		 	try host_component()
+		 	setState(37)
+		 	try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 	_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 	while (_la == ReferenceParser.Tokens.T__2.rawValue) {
+		 		setState(33)
+		 		try match(ReferenceParser.Tokens.T__2.rawValue)
+		 		setState(34)
+		 		try host_component()
+
+
+		 		setState(39)
+		 		try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 		_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 	}
+
+		}
+		catch ANTLRException.recognition(let re) {
+			_localctx.exception = re
+			_errHandler.reportError(self, re)
+			try _errHandler.recover(self, re)
+		}
+
+		return _localctx
+	}
+
+	public class PortContext: ParserRuleContext {
+			open
+			func DIGIT() -> [TerminalNode] {
+				return getTokens(ReferenceParser.Tokens.DIGIT.rawValue)
+			}
+			open
+			func DIGIT(_ i:Int) -> TerminalNode? {
+				return getToken(ReferenceParser.Tokens.DIGIT.rawValue, i)
+			}
+		override open
+		func getRuleIndex() -> Int {
+			return ReferenceParser.RULE_port
+		}
+		override open
+		func enterRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.enterPort(self)
+			}
+		}
+		override open
+		func exitRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.exitPort(self)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	@discardableResult
+	 open func port() throws -> PortContext {
+		var _localctx: PortContext
+		_localctx = PortContext(_ctx, getState())
+		try enterRule(_localctx, 4, ReferenceParser.RULE_port)
+		var _la: Int = 0
+		defer {
+	    		try! exitRule()
+	    }
+		do {
+		 	try enterOuterAlt(_localctx, 1)
+		 	setState(41) 
+		 	try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 	_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 	repeat {
+		 		setState(40)
+		 		try match(ReferenceParser.Tokens.DIGIT.rawValue)
+
+
+		 		setState(43); 
+		 		try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 		_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 	} while (_la == ReferenceParser.Tokens.DIGIT.rawValue)
+
+		}
+		catch ANTLRException.recognition(let re) {
+			_localctx.exception = re
+			_errHandler.reportError(self, re)
+			try _errHandler.recover(self, re)
+		}
+
+		return _localctx
+	}
+
+	public class Host_componentContext: ParserRuleContext {
+			open
+			func name() -> [NameContext] {
+				return getRuleContexts(NameContext.self)
+			}
+			open
+			func name(_ i: Int) -> NameContext? {
+				return getRuleContext(NameContext.self, i)
+			}
+		override open
+		func getRuleIndex() -> Int {
+			return ReferenceParser.RULE_host_component
+		}
+		override open
+		func enterRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.enterHost_component(self)
+			}
+		}
+		override open
+		func exitRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.exitHost_component(self)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	@discardableResult
+	 open func host_component() throws -> Host_componentContext {
+		var _localctx: Host_componentContext
+		_localctx = Host_componentContext(_ctx, getState())
+		try enterRule(_localctx, 6, ReferenceParser.RULE_host_component)
+		var _la: Int = 0
+		defer {
+	    		try! exitRule()
+	    }
+		do {
+		 	try enterOuterAlt(_localctx, 1)
+		 	setState(45)
+		 	try name()
+		 	setState(50)
+		 	try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 	_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 	while (_la == ReferenceParser.Tokens.T__3.rawValue) {
+		 		setState(46)
+		 		try match(ReferenceParser.Tokens.T__3.rawValue)
+		 		setState(47)
+		 		try name()
+
+
+		 		setState(52)
+		 		try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 		_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 	}
+
+		}
+		catch ANTLRException.recognition(let re) {
+			_localctx.exception = re
+			_errHandler.reportError(self, re)
+			try _errHandler.recover(self, re)
+		}
+
+		return _localctx
+	}
+
+	public class NamespaceContext: ParserRuleContext {
+			open
+			func namespace_component() -> [Namespace_componentContext] {
+				return getRuleContexts(Namespace_componentContext.self)
+			}
+			open
+			func namespace_component(_ i: Int) -> Namespace_componentContext? {
+				return getRuleContext(Namespace_componentContext.self, i)
+			}
+		override open
+		func getRuleIndex() -> Int {
+			return ReferenceParser.RULE_namespace
+		}
+		override open
+		func enterRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.enterNamespace(self)
+			}
+		}
+		override open
+		func exitRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.exitNamespace(self)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	@discardableResult
+	 open func namespace() throws -> NamespaceContext {
+		var _localctx: NamespaceContext
+		_localctx = NamespaceContext(_ctx, getState())
+		try enterRule(_localctx, 8, ReferenceParser.RULE_namespace)
+		var _la: Int = 0
+		defer {
+	    		try! exitRule()
+	    }
+		do {
+		 	try enterOuterAlt(_localctx, 1)
+		 	setState(53)
+		 	try namespace_component()
+		 	setState(58)
+		 	try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 	_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 	while (_la == ReferenceParser.Tokens.T__1.rawValue) {
+		 		setState(54)
+		 		try match(ReferenceParser.Tokens.T__1.rawValue)
+		 		setState(55)
+		 		try namespace_component()
+
+
+		 		setState(60)
+		 		try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 		_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 	}
+
+		}
+		catch ANTLRException.recognition(let re) {
+			_localctx.exception = re
+			_errHandler.reportError(self, re)
+			try _errHandler.recover(self, re)
+		}
+
+		return _localctx
+	}
+
+	public class Namespace_componentContext: ParserRuleContext {
+			open
+			func name() -> [NameContext] {
+				return getRuleContexts(NameContext.self)
+			}
+			open
+			func name(_ i: Int) -> NameContext? {
+				return getRuleContext(NameContext.self, i)
+			}
+			open
+			func separator() -> [SeparatorContext] {
+				return getRuleContexts(SeparatorContext.self)
+			}
+			open
+			func separator(_ i: Int) -> SeparatorContext? {
+				return getRuleContext(SeparatorContext.self, i)
+			}
+		override open
+		func getRuleIndex() -> Int {
+			return ReferenceParser.RULE_namespace_component
+		}
+		override open
+		func enterRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.enterNamespace_component(self)
+			}
+		}
+		override open
+		func exitRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.exitNamespace_component(self)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	@discardableResult
+	 open func namespace_component() throws -> Namespace_componentContext {
+		var _localctx: Namespace_componentContext
+		_localctx = Namespace_componentContext(_ctx, getState())
+		try enterRule(_localctx, 10, ReferenceParser.RULE_namespace_component)
+		var _la: Int = 0
+		defer {
+	    		try! exitRule()
+	    }
+		do {
+		 	try enterOuterAlt(_localctx, 1)
+		 	setState(65) 
+		 	try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 	_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 	repeat {
+		 		setState(61)
+		 		try name()
+		 		setState(63)
+		 		try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 		_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 		if ((Int64(_la) & ~0x3f) == 0 && ((Int64(1) << _la) & 88) != 0) {
+		 			setState(62)
+		 			try separator()
+
+		 		}
+
+
+
+		 		setState(67); 
+		 		try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 		_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 	} while (_la == ReferenceParser.Tokens.DIGIT.rawValue || _la == ReferenceParser.Tokens.LETTER.rawValue)
+
+		}
+		catch ANTLRException.recognition(let re) {
+			_localctx.exception = re
+			_errHandler.reportError(self, re)
+			try _errHandler.recover(self, re)
+		}
+
+		return _localctx
+	}
+
+	public class ReferenceContext: ParserRuleContext {
+			open
+			func tag() -> TagContext? {
+				return getRuleContext(TagContext.self, 0)
+			}
+			open
+			func name() -> [NameContext] {
+				return getRuleContexts(NameContext.self)
+			}
+			open
+			func name(_ i: Int) -> NameContext? {
+				return getRuleContext(NameContext.self, i)
+			}
+		override open
+		func getRuleIndex() -> Int {
+			return ReferenceParser.RULE_reference
+		}
+		override open
+		func enterRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.enterReference(self)
+			}
+		}
+		override open
+		func exitRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.exitReference(self)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	@discardableResult
+	 open func reference() throws -> ReferenceContext {
+		var _localctx: ReferenceContext
+		_localctx = ReferenceContext(_ctx, getState())
+		try enterRule(_localctx, 12, ReferenceParser.RULE_reference)
+		defer {
+	    		try! exitRule()
+	    }
+		do {
+		 	setState(76)
+		 	try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 	switch (ReferenceParser.Tokens(rawValue: try _input.LA(1))!) {
+		 	case .T__0:
+		 		try enterOuterAlt(_localctx, 1)
+		 		setState(69)
+		 		try match(ReferenceParser.Tokens.T__0.rawValue)
+		 		setState(70)
+		 		try tag()
+
+
+		 		break
+
+		 	case .T__4:
+		 		try enterOuterAlt(_localctx, 2)
+		 		setState(71)
+		 		try match(ReferenceParser.Tokens.T__4.rawValue)
+		 		setState(72)
+		 		try name()
+		 		setState(73)
+		 		try match(ReferenceParser.Tokens.T__0.rawValue)
+		 		setState(74)
+		 		try name()
+
+
+		 		break
+		 	default:
+		 		throw ANTLRException.recognition(e: NoViableAltException(self))
+		 	}
+		}
+		catch ANTLRException.recognition(let re) {
+			_localctx.exception = re
+			_errHandler.reportError(self, re)
+			try _errHandler.recover(self, re)
+		}
+
+		return _localctx
+	}
+
+	public class TagContext: ParserRuleContext {
+			open
+			func name() -> [NameContext] {
+				return getRuleContexts(NameContext.self)
+			}
+			open
+			func name(_ i: Int) -> NameContext? {
+				return getRuleContext(NameContext.self, i)
+			}
+			open
+			func separator() -> [SeparatorContext] {
+				return getRuleContexts(SeparatorContext.self)
+			}
+			open
+			func separator(_ i: Int) -> SeparatorContext? {
+				return getRuleContext(SeparatorContext.self, i)
+			}
+		override open
+		func getRuleIndex() -> Int {
+			return ReferenceParser.RULE_tag
+		}
+		override open
+		func enterRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.enterTag(self)
+			}
+		}
+		override open
+		func exitRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.exitTag(self)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	@discardableResult
+	 open func tag() throws -> TagContext {
+		var _localctx: TagContext
+		_localctx = TagContext(_ctx, getState())
+		try enterRule(_localctx, 14, ReferenceParser.RULE_tag)
+		var _la: Int = 0
+		defer {
+	    		try! exitRule()
+	    }
+		do {
+		 	try enterOuterAlt(_localctx, 1)
+		 	setState(78)
+		 	try name()
+		 	setState(84)
+		 	try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 	_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 	while ((Int64(_la) & ~0x3f) == 0 && ((Int64(1) << _la) & 88) != 0) {
+		 		setState(79)
+		 		try separator()
+		 		setState(80)
+		 		try name()
+
+
+		 		setState(86)
+		 		try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 		_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 	}
+
+		}
+		catch ANTLRException.recognition(let re) {
+			_localctx.exception = re
+			_errHandler.reportError(self, re)
+			try _errHandler.recover(self, re)
+		}
+
+		return _localctx
+	}
+
+	public class SeparatorContext: ParserRuleContext {
+		override open
+		func getRuleIndex() -> Int {
+			return ReferenceParser.RULE_separator
+		}
+		override open
+		func enterRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.enterSeparator(self)
+			}
+		}
+		override open
+		func exitRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.exitSeparator(self)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	@discardableResult
+	 open func separator() throws -> SeparatorContext {
+		var _localctx: SeparatorContext
+		_localctx = SeparatorContext(_ctx, getState())
+		try enterRule(_localctx, 16, ReferenceParser.RULE_separator)
+		var _la: Int = 0
+		defer {
+	    		try! exitRule()
+	    }
+		do {
+		 	try enterOuterAlt(_localctx, 1)
+		 	setState(87)
+		 	_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 	if (!((Int64(_la) & ~0x3f) == 0 && ((Int64(1) << _la) & 88) != 0)) {
+		 	try _errHandler.recoverInline(self)
+		 	}
+		 	else {
+		 		_errHandler.reportMatch(self)
+		 		try consume()
+		 	}
+
+		}
+		catch ANTLRException.recognition(let re) {
+			_localctx.exception = re
+			_errHandler.reportError(self, re)
+			try _errHandler.recover(self, re)
+		}
+
+		return _localctx
+	}
+
+	public class NameContext: ParserRuleContext {
+			open
+			func LETTER() -> [TerminalNode] {
+				return getTokens(ReferenceParser.Tokens.LETTER.rawValue)
+			}
+			open
+			func LETTER(_ i:Int) -> TerminalNode? {
+				return getToken(ReferenceParser.Tokens.LETTER.rawValue, i)
+			}
+			open
+			func DIGIT() -> [TerminalNode] {
+				return getTokens(ReferenceParser.Tokens.DIGIT.rawValue)
+			}
+			open
+			func DIGIT(_ i:Int) -> TerminalNode? {
+				return getToken(ReferenceParser.Tokens.DIGIT.rawValue, i)
+			}
+		override open
+		func getRuleIndex() -> Int {
+			return ReferenceParser.RULE_name
+		}
+		override open
+		func enterRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.enterName(self)
+			}
+		}
+		override open
+		func exitRule(_ listener: ParseTreeListener) {
+			if let listener = listener as? ReferenceListener {
+				listener.exitName(self)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	@discardableResult
+	 open func name() throws -> NameContext {
+		var _localctx: NameContext
+		_localctx = NameContext(_ctx, getState())
+		try enterRule(_localctx, 18, ReferenceParser.RULE_name)
+		var _la: Int = 0
+		defer {
+	    		try! exitRule()
+	    }
+		do {
+			var _alt:Int
+		 	try enterOuterAlt(_localctx, 1)
+		 	setState(90); 
+		 	try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 	_alt = 1;
+		 	repeat {
+		 		switch (_alt) {
+		 		case 1:
+		 			setState(89)
+		 			_la = try _input.LA(1)
+		 			if (!(_la == ReferenceParser.Tokens.DIGIT.rawValue || _la == ReferenceParser.Tokens.LETTER.rawValue)) {
+		 			try _errHandler.recoverInline(self)
+		 			}
+		 			else {
+		 				_errHandler.reportMatch(self)
+		 				try consume()
+		 			}
+
+
+		 			break
+		 		default:
+		 			throw ANTLRException.recognition(e: NoViableAltException(self))
+		 		}
+		 		setState(92); 
+		 		try _errHandler.sync(self)
+		 		_alt = try getInterpreter().adaptivePredict(_input,10,_ctx)
+		 	} while (_alt != 2 && _alt !=  ATN.INVALID_ALT_NUMBER)
+
+		}
+		catch ANTLRException.recognition(let re) {
+			_localctx.exception = re
+			_errHandler.reportError(self, re)
+			try _errHandler.recover(self, re)
+		}
+
+		return _localctx
+	}
+
+	static let _serializedATN:[Int] = [
+		4,1,8,95,2,0,7,0,2,1,7,1,2,2,7,2,2,3,7,3,2,4,7,4,2,5,7,5,2,6,7,6,2,7,7,
+		7,2,8,7,8,2,9,7,9,1,0,1,0,1,0,3,0,24,8,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,3,0,29,8,0,1,0,1,
+		0,1,1,1,1,1,1,5,1,36,8,1,10,1,12,1,39,9,1,1,2,4,2,42,8,2,11,2,12,2,43,
+		1,3,1,3,1,3,5,3,49,8,3,10,3,12,3,52,9,3,1,4,1,4,1,4,5,4,57,8,4,10,4,12,
+		4,60,9,4,1,5,1,5,3,5,64,8,5,4,5,66,8,5,11,5,12,5,67,1,6,1,6,1,6,1,6,1,
+		6,1,6,1,6,3,6,77,8,6,1,7,1,7,1,7,1,7,5,7,83,8,7,10,7,12,7,86,9,7,1,8,1,
+		8,1,9,4,9,91,8,9,11,9,12,9,92,1,9,0,0,10,0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,0,2,
+		2,0,3,4,6,6,1,0,7,8,95,0,20,1,0,0,0,2,32,1,0,0,0,4,41,1,0,0,0,6,45,1,0,
+		0,0,8,53,1,0,0,0,10,65,1,0,0,0,12,76,1,0,0,0,14,78,1,0,0,0,16,87,1,0,0,
+		0,18,90,1,0,0,0,20,23,3,2,1,0,21,22,5,1,0,0,22,24,3,4,2,0,23,21,1,0,0,
+		0,23,24,1,0,0,0,24,25,1,0,0,0,25,26,5,2,0,0,26,28,3,8,4,0,27,29,3,12,6,
+		0,28,27,1,0,0,0,28,29,1,0,0,0,29,30,1,0,0,0,30,31,5,0,0,1,31,1,1,0,0,0,
+		32,37,3,6,3,0,33,34,5,3,0,0,34,36,3,6,3,0,35,33,1,0,0,0,36,39,1,0,0,0,
+		37,35,1,0,0,0,37,38,1,0,0,0,38,3,1,0,0,0,39,37,1,0,0,0,40,42,5,7,0,0,41,
+		40,1,0,0,0,42,43,1,0,0,0,43,41,1,0,0,0,43,44,1,0,0,0,44,5,1,0,0,0,45,50,
+		3,18,9,0,46,47,5,4,0,0,47,49,3,18,9,0,48,46,1,0,0,0,49,52,1,0,0,0,50,48,
+		1,0,0,0,50,51,1,0,0,0,51,7,1,0,0,0,52,50,1,0,0,0,53,58,3,10,5,0,54,55,
+		5,2,0,0,55,57,3,10,5,0,56,54,1,0,0,0,57,60,1,0,0,0,58,56,1,0,0,0,58,59,
+		1,0,0,0,59,9,1,0,0,0,60,58,1,0,0,0,61,63,3,18,9,0,62,64,3,16,8,0,63,62,
+		1,0,0,0,63,64,1,0,0,0,64,66,1,0,0,0,65,61,1,0,0,0,66,67,1,0,0,0,67,65,
+		1,0,0,0,67,68,1,0,0,0,68,11,1,0,0,0,69,70,5,1,0,0,70,77,3,14,7,0,71,72,
+		5,5,0,0,72,73,3,18,9,0,73,74,5,1,0,0,74,75,3,18,9,0,75,77,1,0,0,0,76,69,
+		1,0,0,0,76,71,1,0,0,0,77,13,1,0,0,0,78,84,3,18,9,0,79,80,3,16,8,0,80,81,
+		3,18,9,0,81,83,1,0,0,0,82,79,1,0,0,0,83,86,1,0,0,0,84,82,1,0,0,0,84,85,
+		1,0,0,0,85,15,1,0,0,0,86,84,1,0,0,0,87,88,7,0,0,0,88,17,1,0,0,0,89,91,
+		7,1,0,0,90,89,1,0,0,0,91,92,1,0,0,0,92,90,1,0,0,0,92,93,1,0,0,0,93,19,
+		1,0,0,0,11,23,28,37,43,50,58,63,67,76,84,92
+	]
+
+	public
+	static let _ATN = try! ATNDeserializer().deserialize(_serializedATN)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+all: clean
+	antlr -o Generated -Dlanguage=Swift Reference.g4
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf Generated
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+grammar Reference;
+
+root: host (':' port)? '/' namespace reference? EOF;
+host: host_component ('.' host_component)*;
+port: DIGIT+;
+host_component: name ('-' name)*;
+namespace: namespace_component ('/' namespace_component)*;
+namespace_component: (name separator?)+;
+reference: (':' tag) | ('@' name ':' name);
+tag: name (separator name)*;
+separator: '.' | '-' | '_';
+name: (LETTER | DIGIT)+;
+DIGIT: [0-9];
+LETTER: [A-Za-z];
@@ -1,31 +1,47 @@
 import Foundation
-import NIOCore
-import NIOHTTP1
-import AsyncHTTPClient
+import Algorithms
+import AsyncAlgorithms

 enum RegistryError: Error {
-  case UnexpectedHTTPStatusCode(when: String, code: UInt, details: String = "")
+  case UnexpectedHTTPStatusCode(when: String, code: Int, details: String = "")
  case MissingLocationHeader
  case AuthFailed(why: String, details: String = "")
  case MalformedHeader(why: String)
 }

-extension HTTPClientResponse.Body {
-  func readTextResponse() async throws -> String? {
-    let data = try await readResponse()
-    return String(decoding: data, as: UTF8.self)
-  }
+enum HTTPMethod: String {
+  case GET = "GET"
+  case POST = "POST"
+  case PUT = "PUT"
+  case PATCH = "PATCH"
+}

-  func readResponse() async throws -> Data {
+enum HTTPCode: Int {
+  case Ok = 200
+  case Created = 201
+  case Accepted = 202
+  case Unauthorized = 401
+}
+
+extension Data {
+  func asText() -> String {
+    String(decoding: self, as: UTF8.self)
+  }
+}
+
+extension AsyncThrowingChannel<Data, Error> {
+  func asData() async throws -> Data {
    var result = Data()
-    for try await part in self {
-      result.append(Data(buffer: part))
+
+    for try await chunk in self {
+      result += chunk
    }
+
    return result
  }
 }

-struct TokenResponse: Decodable {
+struct TokenResponse: Decodable, Authentication {
  let defaultIssuedAt = Date()
  let defaultExpiresIn = 60

@@ -34,19 +50,20 @@ struct TokenResponse: Decodable {
  var issuedAt: Date?

  static func parse(fromData: Data) throws -> Self {
-    let decoder = JSONDecoder()
+    let decoder = Config.jsonDecoder()

    decoder.keyDecodingStrategy = .convertFromSnakeCase

-    // RFC3339 date formatter from Apple's documentation[1]
-    //
-    // [1]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/dateformatter
-    let dateFormatter = DateFormatter()
-    dateFormatter.locale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")
-    dateFormatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZZZZZ"
+    let dateFormatter = ISO8601DateFormatter()
+    dateFormatter.formatOptions = [.withInternetDateTime]
    dateFormatter.timeZone = TimeZone(secondsFromGMT: 0)

-    decoder.dateDecodingStrategy = .formatted(dateFormatter)
+    decoder.dateDecodingStrategy = .custom { decoder in
+      let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
+      let dateString = try container.decode(String.self)
+
+      return dateFormatter.date(from: dateString) ?? Date()
+    }

    return try decoder.decode(TokenResponse.self, from: fromData)
  }
@@ -65,87 +82,79 @@ struct TokenResponse: Decodable {
    }
  }

-  var isValid: Bool {
-    get {
-      Date() < tokenExpiresAt
-    }
+  func header() -> (String, String) {
+    ("Authorization", "Bearer \(token)")
+  }
+
+  func isValid() -> Bool {
+    Date() < tokenExpiresAt
  }
 }

 class Registry {
-  private let httpClient = HTTPClient(eventLoopGroupProvider: .createNew)
-  
-  deinit {
-    try! httpClient.syncShutdown()
-  }
-  
  let baseURL: URL
  let namespace: String
-  let credentialsProvider: CredentialsProvider
+  let credentialsProviders: [CredentialsProvider]

-  var currentAuthToken: TokenResponse? = nil
+  var currentAuthToken: Authentication? = nil

  init(urlComponents: URLComponents,
       namespace: String,
-       credentialsProvider: CredentialsProvider = KeychainCredentialsProvider()
+       credentialsProviders: [CredentialsProvider] = [EnvironmentCredentialsProvider(), DockerConfigCredentialsProvider(), KeychainCredentialsProvider()]
  ) throws {
    baseURL = urlComponents.url!
    self.namespace = namespace
-    self.credentialsProvider = credentialsProvider
+    self.credentialsProviders = credentialsProviders
  }

  convenience init(
-          host: String,
-          namespace: String,
-          credentialsProvider: CredentialsProvider = KeychainCredentialsProvider()
+    host: String,
+    namespace: String,
+    insecure: Bool = false,
+    credentialsProviders: [CredentialsProvider] = [EnvironmentCredentialsProvider(), DockerConfigCredentialsProvider(), KeychainCredentialsProvider()]
  ) throws {
-    var baseURLComponents = URLComponents()
+    let proto = insecure ? "http" : "https"
+    let baseURLComponents = URLComponents(string: proto + "://" + host + "/v2/")!

-    baseURLComponents.scheme = "https"
-    baseURLComponents.host = host
-    baseURLComponents.path = "/v2/"
-
-    try self.init(urlComponents: baseURLComponents, namespace: namespace, credentialsProvider: credentialsProvider)
+    try self.init(urlComponents: baseURLComponents, namespace: namespace, credentialsProviders: credentialsProviders)
  }

  func ping() async throws {
-    let response = try await endpointRequest(.GET, "/v2/")
-    if response.status != .ok {
-      throw RegistryError.UnexpectedHTTPStatusCode(when: "doing ping", code: response.status.code)
+    let (_, response) = try await dataRequest(.GET, endpointURL("/v2/"))
+    if response.statusCode != HTTPCode.Ok.rawValue {
+      throw RegistryError.UnexpectedHTTPStatusCode(when: "doing ping", code: response.statusCode)
    }
  }

  func pushManifest(reference: String, manifest: OCIManifest) async throws -> String {
-    let manifestJSON = try JSONEncoder().encode(manifest)
+    let manifestJSON = try manifest.toJSON()

-    let response = try await endpointRequest(.PUT, "\(namespace)/manifests/\(reference)",
-      headers: ["Content-Type": manifest.mediaType],
-      body: manifestJSON)
-    if response.status != .created {
-      throw RegistryError.UnexpectedHTTPStatusCode(when: "pushing manifest", code: response.status.code,
-        details: try await response.body.readTextResponse() ?? "")
+    let (data, response) = try await dataRequest(.PUT, endpointURL("\(namespace)/manifests/\(reference)"),
+                                                 headers: ["Content-Type": manifest.mediaType],
+                                                 body: manifestJSON)
+    if response.statusCode != HTTPCode.Created.rawValue {
+      throw RegistryError.UnexpectedHTTPStatusCode(when: "pushing manifest", code: response.statusCode,
+                                                   details: data.asText())
    }

    return Digest.hash(manifestJSON)
  }

  public func pullManifest(reference: String) async throws -> (OCIManifest, Data) {
-    let response = try await endpointRequest(.GET, "\(namespace)/manifests/\(reference)",
-      headers: ["Accept": ociManifestMediaType])
-    if response.status != .ok {
-      let body = try await response.body.readTextResponse()
-      throw RegistryError.UnexpectedHTTPStatusCode(when: "pulling manifest", code: response.status.code,
-        details: body ?? "")
+    let (data, response) = try await dataRequest(.GET, endpointURL("\(namespace)/manifests/\(reference)"),
+                                                 headers: ["Accept": ociManifestMediaType])
+    if response.statusCode != HTTPCode.Ok.rawValue {
+      throw RegistryError.UnexpectedHTTPStatusCode(when: "pulling manifest", code: response.statusCode,
+                                                   details: data.asText())
    }

-    let manifestData = try await response.body.readResponse()
-    let manifest = try JSONDecoder().decode(OCIManifest.self, from: manifestData)
+    let manifest = try OCIManifest(fromJSON: data)

-    return (manifest, manifestData)
+    return (manifest, data)
  }

-  private func uploadLocationFromResponse(_ response: HTTPClientResponse) throws -> URLComponents {
-    guard let uploadLocationRaw = response.headers.first(name: "Location") else {
+  private func uploadLocationFromResponse(_ response: HTTPURLResponse) throws -> URLComponents {
+    guard let uploadLocationRaw = response.value(forHTTPHeaderField: "Location") else {
      throw RegistryError.MissingLocationHeader
    }

@@ -156,115 +165,162 @@ class Registry {
    return URLComponents(url: uploadLocation.absolutize(baseURL), resolvingAgainstBaseURL: true)!
  }

-  public func pushBlob(fromData: Data, chunkSize: Int = 5 * 1024 * 1024) async throws -> String {
+  public func pushBlob(fromData: Data, chunkSizeMb: Int = 0) async throws -> String {
    // Initiate a blob upload
-    let postResponse = try await endpointRequest(.POST, "\(namespace)/blobs/uploads/",
-      headers: ["Content-Length": "0"])
-    if postResponse.status != .accepted {
-      let body = try await postResponse.body.readTextResponse()
-      throw RegistryError.UnexpectedHTTPStatusCode(when: "pushing blob (POST)", code: postResponse.status.code,
-        details: body ?? "")
+    let (data, postResponse) = try await dataRequest(.POST, endpointURL("\(namespace)/blobs/uploads/"),
+                                                     headers: ["Content-Length": "0"])
+    if postResponse.statusCode != HTTPCode.Accepted.rawValue {
+      throw RegistryError.UnexpectedHTTPStatusCode(when: "pushing blob (POST)", code: postResponse.statusCode,
+                                                   details: data.asText())
    }

    // Figure out where to upload the blob
-    let uploadLocation = try uploadLocationFromResponse(postResponse)
-
-    // Upload the blob
-    let headers = [
-      "Content-Length": "\(fromData.count)",
-      "Content-Type": "application/octet-stream",
-    ]
+    var uploadLocation = try uploadLocationFromResponse(postResponse)

    let digest = Digest.hash(fromData)
-    let parameters = [
-      "digest": digest,
-    ]

-    let putResponse = try await rawRequest(.PUT, uploadLocation, headers: headers, parameters: parameters,
-      body: fromData)
-    if putResponse.status != .created {
-      let body = try await postResponse.body.readTextResponse()
-      throw RegistryError.UnexpectedHTTPStatusCode(when: "pushing blob (PUT)", code: putResponse.status.code,
-        details: body ?? "")
+    if chunkSizeMb == 0 {
+      // monolithic upload
+      let (data, response) = try await dataRequest(
+        .PUT,
+        uploadLocation,
+        headers: [
+          "Content-Type": "application/octet-stream",
+        ],
+        parameters: ["digest": digest],
+        body: fromData
+      )
+      if response.statusCode != HTTPCode.Created.rawValue {
+        throw RegistryError.UnexpectedHTTPStatusCode(when: "pushing blob (PUT) to \(uploadLocation)",
+                                                     code: response.statusCode, details: data.asText())
+      }
+      return digest
+    }
+
+    // chunked upload
+    var uploadedBytes = 0
+    let chunks = fromData.chunks(ofCount: chunkSizeMb == 0 ? fromData.count : chunkSizeMb * 1_000_000)
+    for (index, chunk) in chunks.enumerated() {
+      let lastChunk = index == (chunks.count - 1)
+      let (data, response) = try await dataRequest(
+        lastChunk ? .PUT : .PATCH, 
+        uploadLocation,
+        headers: [
+          "Content-Type": "application/octet-stream",
+          "Content-Range": "\(uploadedBytes)-\(uploadedBytes + chunk.count - 1)",
+        ],
+        parameters: lastChunk ? ["digest": digest] : [:],
+        body: chunk
+      )
+      // always accept both statuses since AWS ECR is not following specification
+      if response.statusCode != HTTPCode.Created.rawValue && response.statusCode != HTTPCode.Accepted.rawValue {
+        throw RegistryError.UnexpectedHTTPStatusCode(when: "streaming blob to \(uploadLocation)",
+                                                     code: response.statusCode, details: data.asText())
+      }
+      uploadedBytes += chunk.count
+      // Update location for the next chunk
+      uploadLocation = try uploadLocationFromResponse(response)
    }

    return digest
  }

-  public func pullBlob(_ digest: String, handler: (ByteBuffer) throws -> Void) async throws {
-    let response = try await endpointRequest(.GET, "\(namespace)/blobs/\(digest)")
-    if response.status != .ok {
-      let body = try await response.body.readTextResponse()
-      throw RegistryError.UnexpectedHTTPStatusCode(when: "pulling blob", code: response.status.code,
-        details: body ?? "")
+  public func pullBlob(_ digest: String, handler: (Data) throws -> Void) async throws {
+    let (channel, response) = try await channelRequest(.GET, endpointURL("\(namespace)/blobs/\(digest)"), viaFile: true)
+    if response.statusCode != HTTPCode.Ok.rawValue {
+      let body = try await channel.asData().asText()
+      throw RegistryError.UnexpectedHTTPStatusCode(when: "pulling blob", code: response.statusCode,
+                                                   details: body)
    }

-    for try await part in response.body {
-      try handler(part)
+    for try await part in channel {
+      try Task.checkCancellation()
+
+      try handler(Data(part))
    }
  }

-  private func endpointRequest(
-    _ method: HTTPMethod,
-    _ endpoint: String,
-    headers: Dictionary<String, String> = Dictionary(),
-    parameters: Dictionary<String, String> = Dictionary(),
-    body: Data? = nil
-  ) async throws -> HTTPClientResponse {
+  private func endpointURL(_ endpoint: String) -> URLComponents {
    let url = URL(string: endpoint, relativeTo: baseURL)!
-    let urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: true)!

-    return try await rawRequest(method, urlComponents, headers: headers, parameters: parameters, body: body)
+    return URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: true)!
  }

-  private func rawRequest(
+  private func dataRequest(
    _ method: HTTPMethod,
    _ urlComponents: URLComponents,
    headers: Dictionary<String, String> = Dictionary(),
    parameters: Dictionary<String, String> = Dictionary(),
-    body: Data? = nil
-  ) async throws -> HTTPClientResponse {
+    body: Data? = nil,
+    doAuth: Bool = true
+  ) async throws -> (Data, HTTPURLResponse) {
+    let (channel, response) = try await channelRequest(method, urlComponents,
+                                                       headers: headers, parameters: parameters, body: body, doAuth: doAuth)
+
+    return (try await channel.asData(), response)
+  }
+
+  private func channelRequest(
+    _ method: HTTPMethod,
+    _ urlComponents: URLComponents,
+    headers: Dictionary<String, String> = Dictionary(),
+    parameters: Dictionary<String, String> = Dictionary(),
+    body: Data? = nil,
+    doAuth: Bool = true,
+    viaFile: Bool = false
+  ) async throws -> (AsyncThrowingChannel<Data, Error>, HTTPURLResponse) {
    var urlComponents = urlComponents

-    if urlComponents.queryItems == nil {
+    if urlComponents.queryItems == nil && !parameters.isEmpty {
      urlComponents.queryItems = []
    }
    urlComponents.queryItems?.append(contentsOf: parameters.map { key, value -> URLQueryItem in
      URLQueryItem(name: key, value: value)
    })

-    var request = HTTPClientRequest(url: urlComponents.string!)
-    request.method = method
+    var request = URLRequest(url: urlComponents.url!)
+    request.httpMethod = method.rawValue
    for (key, value) in headers {
-      request.headers.add(name: key, value: value)
+      request.addValue(value, forHTTPHeaderField: key)
    }
-    if body != nil {
-      request.body = HTTPClientRequest.Body.bytes(body!)
+    if let body = body {
+      request.addValue("\(body.count)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Length")
+      request.httpBody = body
    }

    // Invalidate token if it has expired
-    if currentAuthToken?.isValid == false {
+    if currentAuthToken?.isValid() == false {
      currentAuthToken = nil
    }

-    var response = try await authAwareRequest(request: request)
+    var (channel, response) = try await authAwareRequest(request: request, viaFile: viaFile)

-    if response.status == .unauthorized {
+    if doAuth && response.statusCode == HTTPCode.Unauthorized.rawValue {
+      _ = try await channel.asData()
      try await auth(response: response)
-      response = try await authAwareRequest(request: request)
+      (channel, response) = try await authAwareRequest(request: request, viaFile: viaFile)
    }

-    return response
+    return (channel, response)
  }

-  private func auth(response: HTTPClientResponse) async throws {
+  private func auth(response: HTTPURLResponse) async throws {
    // Process WWW-Authenticate header
-    guard let wwwAuthenticateRaw = response.headers.first(name: "WWW-Authenticate") else {
+    guard let wwwAuthenticateRaw = response.value(forHTTPHeaderField: "WWW-Authenticate") else {
      throw RegistryError.AuthFailed(why: "got HTTP 401, but WWW-Authenticate header is missing")
    }

    let wwwAuthenticate = try WWWAuthenticate(rawHeaderValue: wwwAuthenticateRaw)
-    if wwwAuthenticate.scheme != "Bearer" {
+
+    if wwwAuthenticate.scheme.lowercased() == "basic" {
+      if let (user, password) = try lookupCredentials() {
+        currentAuthToken = BasicAuthentication(user: user, password: password)
+      }
+
+      return
+    }
+
+    if wwwAuthenticate.scheme.lowercased() != "bearer" {
      throw RegistryError.AuthFailed(why: "WWW-Authenticate header's authentication scheme "
        + "\"\(wwwAuthenticate.scheme)\" is unsupported, expected \"Bearer\" scheme")
    }
@@ -294,29 +350,46 @@ class Registry {

    var headers: Dictionary<String, String> = Dictionary()

-    if let (user, password) = try credentialsProvider.retrieve(host: baseURL.host!) {
+    if let (user, password) = try lookupCredentials() {
      let encodedCredentials = "\(user):\(password)".data(using: .utf8)?.base64EncodedString()
      headers["Authorization"] = "Basic \(encodedCredentials!)"
    }

-    let response = try await rawRequest(.GET, authenticateURL, headers: headers)
-    if response.status != .ok {
-      let body = try await response.body.readTextResponse() ?? ""
-      throw RegistryError.AuthFailed(why: "received unexpected HTTP status code \(response.status.code) "
-        + "while retrieving an authentication token", details: body)
+    let (data, response) = try await dataRequest(.GET, authenticateURL, headers: headers, doAuth: false)
+    if response.statusCode != HTTPCode.Ok.rawValue {
+      throw RegistryError.AuthFailed(why: "received unexpected HTTP status code \(response.statusCode) "
+        + "while retrieving an authentication token", details: data.asText())
    }

-    let bodyData = try await response.body.readResponse()
-    currentAuthToken = try TokenResponse.parse(fromData: bodyData)
+    currentAuthToken = try TokenResponse.parse(fromData: data)
  }

-  private func authAwareRequest(request: HTTPClientRequest) async throws -> HTTPClientResponse {
+  private func lookupCredentials() throws -> (String, String)? {
+    var host = baseURL.host!
+
+    if let port = baseURL.port {
+      host += ":\(port)"
+    }
+
+    for provider in credentialsProviders {
+      if let (user, password) = try provider.retrieve(host: host) {
+        return (user, password)
+      }
+    }
+    return nil
+  }
+
+  private func authAwareRequest(request: URLRequest, viaFile: Bool = false) async throws -> (AsyncThrowingChannel<Data, Error>, HTTPURLResponse) {
    var request = request

    if let token = currentAuthToken {
-      request.headers.add(name: "Authorization", value: "Bearer \(token.token)")
+      let (name, value) = token.header()
+      request.addValue(value, forHTTPHeaderField: name)
    }

-    return try await httpClient.execute(request, deadline: .distantFuture)
+    request.setValue("Tart/\(CI.version) (\(DeviceInfo.os); \(DeviceInfo.model))",
+                     forHTTPHeaderField: "User-Agent")
+
+    return try await Fetcher.fetch(request, viaFile: viaFile)
  }
 }
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import Foundation
-import Parsing
+import Antlr4

 struct Reference: Comparable, Hashable, CustomStringConvertible {
  enum ReferenceType: Comparable {
@@ -46,6 +46,39 @@ struct Reference: Comparable, Hashable, CustomStringConvertible {
  }
 }

+class ReferenceCollector: ReferenceBaseListener {
+  var host: String? = nil
+  var port: String? = nil
+  var namespace: String? = nil
+  var reference: String? = nil
+
+  override func exitHost(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.HostContext) {
+    host = ctx.getText()
+  }
+
+  override func exitPort(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.PortContext) {
+    port = ctx.getText()
+  }
+
+  override func exitNamespace(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.NamespaceContext) {
+    namespace = ctx.getText()
+  }
+
+  override func exitReference(_ ctx: ReferenceParser.ReferenceContext) {
+    reference = ctx.getText()
+  }
+}
+
+class ErrorCollector: BaseErrorListener {
+  var error: String? = nil
+
+  override func syntaxError<T>(_ recognizer: Recognizer<T>, _ offendingSymbol: AnyObject?, _ line: Int, _ charPositionInLine: Int, _ msg: String, _ e: AnyObject?) {
+    if error == nil {
+      error = "\(msg) (character \(charPositionInLine + 1))"
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 struct RemoteName: Comparable, Hashable, CustomStringConvertible {
  var host: String
  var namespace: String
@@ -58,51 +91,40 @@ struct RemoteName: Comparable, Hashable, CustomStringConvertible {
  }

  init(_ name: String) throws {
-    let csNormal = [
-      UInt8(ascii: "a")...UInt8(ascii: "z"),
-      UInt8(ascii: "A")...UInt8(ascii: "Z"),
-      UInt8(ascii: "0")...UInt8(ascii: "9"),
-    ].asCharacterSet().union(CharacterSet(charactersIn: "_-."))
+    let errorCollector = ErrorCollector()
+    let inputStream = ANTLRInputStream(Array(name.unicodeScalars), name.count)
+    let lexer = ReferenceLexer(inputStream)
+    lexer.removeErrorListeners()
+    lexer.addErrorListener(errorCollector)

-    let csHex = [
-      UInt8(ascii: "a")...UInt8(ascii: "f"),
-      UInt8(ascii: "0")...UInt8(ascii: "9"),
-    ].asCharacterSet()
+    let tokenStream = CommonTokenStream(lexer)
+    let parser = try ReferenceParser(tokenStream)
+    parser.removeErrorListeners()
+    parser.addErrorListener(errorCollector)

-    let parser = Parse {
-      Consumed {
-        csNormal
-        Optionally {
-          ":"
-          Digits()
-        }
-      }
-      "/"
-      csNormal.union(CharacterSet(charactersIn: "/"))
-      Optionally {
-        OneOf {
-          Parse {
-            ":"
-            csNormal.map {
-              Reference(tag: String($0))
-            }
-          }
-          Parse {
-            "@sha256:"
-            csHex.map {
-              Reference(digest: "sha256:" + String($0))
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      End()
+    let referenceCollector = ReferenceCollector()
+    try ParseTreeWalker().walk(referenceCollector, try parser.root())
+
+    if let error = errorCollector.error {
+      throw RuntimeError.FailedToParseRemoteName("\(error)")
    }

-    let result = try parser.parse(name)
-
-    host = String(result.0)
-    namespace = String(result.1)
-    reference = result.2 ?? Reference(tag: "latest")
+    host = referenceCollector.host!
+    if let port = referenceCollector.port {
+      host += ":" + port
+    }
+    namespace = referenceCollector.namespace!
+    if let reference = referenceCollector.reference {
+      if reference.starts(with: "@sha256:") {
+        self.reference = Reference(digest: String(reference.dropFirst(1)))
+      } else if reference.starts(with: ":") {
+        self.reference = Reference(tag: String(reference.dropFirst(1)))
+      } else {
+        throw RuntimeError.FailedToParseRemoteName("unknown reference format")
+      }
+    } else {
+      self.reference = Reference(tag: "latest")
+    }
  }

  static func <(lhs: RemoteName, rhs: RemoteName) -> Bool {
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import Foundation
+import System
+
+class PIDLock {
+  let url: URL
+  let fd: Int32
+
+  init(lockURL: URL) throws {
+    url = lockURL
+    fd = open(lockURL.path, O_RDWR)
+  }
+
+  deinit {
+    close(fd)
+  }
+
+  func trylock() throws -> Bool {
+    let (locked, _) = try lockWrapper(F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, "failed to lock \(url)")
+    return locked
+  }
+
+  func lock() throws {
+    _ = try lockWrapper(F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, "failed to lock \(url)")
+  }
+
+  func unlock() throws {
+    _ = try lockWrapper(F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, "failed to unlock \(url)")
+  }
+
+  func pid() throws -> pid_t {
+    let (_, result) = try lockWrapper(F_GETLK, F_RDLCK, "failed to get lock \(url) status")
+
+    return result.l_pid
+  }
+
+  func lockWrapper(_ operation: Int32, _ type: Int32, _ message: String) throws -> (Bool, flock) {
+    var result = flock(l_start: 0, l_len: 0, l_pid: 0, l_type: Int16(type), l_whence: Int16(SEEK_SET))
+
+    let ret = fcntl(fd, operation, &result)
+    if ret != 0 {
+      if operation == F_SETLK && errno == EAGAIN {
+        return (false, result)
+      }
+
+      let details = Errno(rawValue: CInt(errno))
+
+      throw RuntimeError.PIDLockFailed("\(message): \(details)")
+    }
+
+    return (true, result)
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import Foundation
+
+struct PassphraseGenerator: Sequence {
+  func makeIterator() -> PassphraseIterator {
+    PassphraseIterator()
+  }
+}
+
+struct PassphraseIterator: IteratorProtocol {
+  mutating func next() -> String? {
+    passphrases[Int(arc4random_uniform(UInt32(passphrases.count)))]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import Foundation
+
+enum Architecture: String, Codable {
+  case arm64
+  case amd64
+}
+
+func CurrentArchitecture() -> Architecture {
+  #if arch(arm64)
+    return .arm64
+  #elseif arch(x86_64)
+    return .amd64
+  #endif
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+import Virtualization
+
+struct UnsupportedHostOSError: Error, CustomStringConvertible {
+  var description: String {
+    "error: host macOS version is outdated to run this virtual machine"
+  }
+}
+
+struct Darwin: Platform {
+  var ecid: VZMacMachineIdentifier
+  var hardwareModel: VZMacHardwareModel
+
+  init(ecid: VZMacMachineIdentifier, hardwareModel: VZMacHardwareModel) {
+    self.ecid = ecid
+    self.hardwareModel = hardwareModel
+  }
+
+  init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
+    let container = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
+
+    let encodedECID = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .ecid)
+    guard let data = Data.init(base64Encoded: encodedECID) else {
+      throw DecodingError.dataCorruptedError(forKey: .ecid,
+                                             in: container,
+                                             debugDescription: "failed to initialize Data using the provided value")
+    }
+    guard let ecid = VZMacMachineIdentifier.init(dataRepresentation: data) else {
+      throw DecodingError.dataCorruptedError(forKey: .ecid,
+                                             in: container,
+                                             debugDescription: "failed to initialize VZMacMachineIdentifier using the provided value")
+    }
+    self.ecid = ecid
+
+    let encodedHardwareModel = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .hardwareModel)
+    guard let data = Data.init(base64Encoded: encodedHardwareModel) else {
+      throw DecodingError.dataCorruptedError(forKey: .hardwareModel, in: container, debugDescription: "")
+    }
+    guard let hardwareModel = VZMacHardwareModel.init(dataRepresentation: data) else {
+      throw DecodingError.dataCorruptedError(forKey: .hardwareModel, in: container, debugDescription: "")
+    }
+    self.hardwareModel = hardwareModel
+  }
+
+  func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
+    var container = encoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
+
+    try container.encode(ecid.dataRepresentation.base64EncodedString(), forKey: .ecid)
+    try container.encode(hardwareModel.dataRepresentation.base64EncodedString(), forKey: .hardwareModel)
+  }
+
+  func os() -> OS {
+    .darwin
+  }
+
+  func bootLoader(nvramURL: URL) throws -> VZBootLoader {
+    VZMacOSBootLoader()
+  }
+
+  func platform(nvramURL: URL) throws -> VZPlatformConfiguration {
+    let result = VZMacPlatformConfiguration()
+
+    result.machineIdentifier = ecid
+    result.auxiliaryStorage = VZMacAuxiliaryStorage(contentsOf: nvramURL)
+
+    if !hardwareModel.isSupported {
+      // At the moment support of M1 chip is not yet dropped in any macOS version
+      // This mean that host software is not supporting this hardware model and should be updated
+      throw UnsupportedHostOSError()
+    }
+
+    result.hardwareModel = hardwareModel
+
+    return result
+  }
+
+  func graphicsDevice(vmConfig: VMConfig) -> VZGraphicsDeviceConfiguration {
+    let result = VZMacGraphicsDeviceConfiguration()
+
+    if let hostMainScreen = NSScreen.main {
+      let vmScreenSize = NSSize(width: vmConfig.display.width, height: vmConfig.display.height)
+      result.displays = [
+        VZMacGraphicsDisplayConfiguration(for: hostMainScreen, sizeInPoints: vmScreenSize)
+      ]
+
+      return result
+    }
+
+    result.displays = [
+      VZMacGraphicsDisplayConfiguration(
+        widthInPixels: vmConfig.display.width,
+        heightInPixels: vmConfig.display.height,
+        // A reasonable guess according to Apple's documentation[1]
+        // [1]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coregraphics/1456599-cgdisplayscreensize
+        pixelsPerInch: 72
+      )
+    ]
+
+    return result
+  }
+
+  func pointingDevices() -> [VZPointingDeviceConfiguration] {
+    if #available(macOS 13, *) {
+      // Trackpad is only supported starting with macOS Ventura
+      // macOS Monterey will continue using a USB device == .darwin 
+      return [VZMacTrackpadConfiguration(), VZUSBScreenCoordinatePointingDeviceConfiguration()]
+    } else {
+      return [VZUSBScreenCoordinatePointingDeviceConfiguration()]
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import Virtualization
+
+@available(macOS 13, *)
+struct Linux: Platform {
+  func os() -> OS {
+    .linux
+  }
+
+  func bootLoader(nvramURL: URL) throws -> VZBootLoader {
+    let result = VZEFIBootLoader()
+
+    result.variableStore = VZEFIVariableStore(url: nvramURL)
+
+    return result
+  }
+
+  func platform(nvramURL: URL) throws -> VZPlatformConfiguration {
+    VZGenericPlatformConfiguration()
+  }
+
+  func graphicsDevice(vmConfig: VMConfig) -> VZGraphicsDeviceConfiguration {
+    let result = VZVirtioGraphicsDeviceConfiguration()
+
+    result.scanouts = [
+      VZVirtioGraphicsScanoutConfiguration(
+        widthInPixels: vmConfig.display.width,
+        heightInPixels: vmConfig.display.height
+      )
+    ]
+
+    return result
+  }
+
+  func pointingDevices() -> [VZPointingDeviceConfiguration] {
+    [VZUSBScreenCoordinatePointingDeviceConfiguration()]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import Virtualization
+
+enum OS: String, Codable {
+  case darwin
+  case linux
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import Virtualization
+
+protocol Platform: Codable {
+  func os() -> OS
+  func bootLoader(nvramURL: URL) throws -> VZBootLoader
+  func platform(nvramURL: URL) throws -> VZPlatformConfiguration
+  func graphicsDevice(vmConfig: VMConfig) -> VZGraphicsDeviceConfiguration
+  func pointingDevices() -> [VZPointingDeviceConfiguration]
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import Foundation
+
+protocol PrunableStorage {
+  func prunables() throws -> [Prunable]
+}
+
+protocol Prunable {
+  var url: URL { get }
+  func delete() throws
+  func accessDate() throws -> Date
+  func sizeBytes() throws -> Int
+}
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import ArgumentParser
+import Darwin
 import Foundation
+import Sentry

@main
 struct Root: AsyncParsableCommand {
@@ -11,15 +13,50 @@ struct Root: AsyncParsableCommand {
      Clone.self,
      Run.self,
      Set.self,
+      Get.self,
      List.self,
      Login.self,
      IP.self,
      Pull.self,
      Push.self,
+      Import.self,
+      Export.self,
+      Prune.self,
+      Rename.self,
+      Stop.self,
      Delete.self,
    ])

  public static func main() async throws {
+    // Initialize Sentry
+    if let dsn = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["SENTRY_DSN"] {
+      SentrySDK.start { options in
+        options.dsn = dsn
+        options.releaseName = CI.release
+        options.tracesSampleRate = Float(
+          ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["SENTRY_TRACES_SAMPLE_RATE"] ?? "1.0"
+        ) as NSNumber?
+
+        // By default only 5XX are captured
+        // Let's capture everything but 401 (unauthorized)
+        options.enableCaptureFailedRequests = true
+        options.failedRequestStatusCodes = [
+          HttpStatusCodeRange(min: 400, max: 400),
+          HttpStatusCodeRange(min: 402, max: 599)
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+    defer { SentrySDK.flush(timeout: 2.seconds.timeInterval) }
+
+    // Enrich future events with Cirrus CI-specific tags
+    if let tags = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["CIRRUS_SENTRY_TAGS"] {
+      SentrySDK.configureScope { scope in
+        for (key, value) in tags.split(separator: ",").compactMap({ parseCirrusSentryTag($0) }) {
+          scope.setTag(value: value, key: key)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
    // Ensure the default SIGINT handled is disabled,
    // otherwise there's a race between two handlers
    signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
@@ -28,21 +65,51 @@ struct Root: AsyncParsableCommand {
    let sigintSrc = DispatchSource.makeSignalSource(signal: SIGINT)
    sigintSrc.setEventHandler {
      task.cancel()
-      Darwin.exit(1)
    }
    sigintSrc.activate()

+    // Set line-buffered output for stdout
+    setlinebuf(stdout)
+
    // Parse and run command
    do {
      var command = try parseAsRoot()

+      // Run garbage-collection before each command (shouldn't take too long)
+      do {
+        try Config().gc()
+      } catch {
+        fputs("Failed to perform garbage collection!\n\(error)\n", stderr)
+      }
+
      if var asyncCommand = command as? AsyncParsableCommand {
        try await asyncCommand.run()
      } else {
        try command.run()
      }
    } catch {
+      // Capture the error into Sentry
+      SentrySDK.capture(error: error)
+      SentrySDK.flush(timeout: 2.seconds.timeInterval)
+
+      // Handle a non-ArgumentParser's exception that requires a specific exit code to be set
+      if let errorWithExitCode = error as? HasExitCode {
+        fputs("\(error)\n", stderr)
+
+        Foundation.exit(errorWithExitCode.exitCode)
+      }
+
+      // Handle any other exception, including ArgumentParser's ones
      exit(withError: error)
    }
  }
+
+  private static func parseCirrusSentryTag(_ tag: String.SubSequence) -> (String, String)? {
+    let splits = tag.split(separator: "=", maxSplits: 1)
+    if splits.count != 2 {
+      return nil
+    }
+
+    return (String(splits[0]), String(splits[1]))
+  }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import Foundation
+
+func createPTY() -> Int32 {
+  var tty_fd: Int32 = -1
+  var sfd: Int32 = -1
+  var termios_ = termios()
+  let tty_path = UnsafeMutablePointer<CChar>.allocate(capacity: 1024)
+
+  var res = openpty(&tty_fd, &sfd, tty_path, nil, nil);
+  if (res < 0) {
+    perror("openpty error")
+    return -1
+  }
+
+  // close slave file descriptor
+  close(sfd)
+
+  res = fcntl(tty_fd, F_GETFL)
+  if (res < 0) {
+    perror("fcntl F_GETFL error")
+    return res
+  }
+
+  // set serial nonblocking
+  res = fcntl(tty_fd, F_SETFL, res | O_NONBLOCK)
+  if (res < 0) {
+    perror("fcntl F_SETFL O_NONBLOCK error")
+    return res
+  }
+
+  // set baudrate to 115200
+  tcgetattr(tty_fd, &termios_)
+  cfsetispeed(&termios_, speed_t(B115200))
+  cfsetospeed(&termios_, speed_t(B115200))
+  if (tcsetattr(tty_fd, TCSANOW, &termios_) != 0) {
+    perror("tcsetattr error")
+    return -1
+  }
+
+  print("Successfully open pty \(String(cString: tty_path))")
+
+  tty_path.deallocate()
+  return tty_fd
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import Foundation
+
+extension URL {
+  func accessDate() throws -> Date {
+    let attrs = try resourceValues(forKeys: [.contentAccessDateKey])
+    return attrs.contentAccessDate!
+  }
+
+  func updateAccessDate(_ accessDate: Date = Date()) throws {
+    let attrs = try resourceValues(forKeys: [.contentAccessDateKey])
+    let modificationDate = attrs.contentAccessDate!
+
+    let times = [accessDate.asTimeval(), modificationDate.asTimeval()]
+    let ret = utimes(path, times)
+    if ret != 0 {
+      throw RuntimeError.FailedToUpdateAccessDate("utimes(2) failed: \(ret.explanation())")
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+extension Date {
+  func asTimeval() -> timeval {
+    timeval(tv_sec: Int(timeIntervalSince1970), tv_usec: 0)
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import Foundation
+
+extension URL: Prunable {
+  var url: URL {
+    self
+  }
+
+  func delete() throws {
+    try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: self)
+  }
+
+  func sizeBytes() throws -> Int {
+    try resourceValues(forKeys: [.totalFileAllocatedSizeKey]).totalFileAllocatedSize!
+  }
+}
@@ -5,3 +5,20 @@ extension Collection {
    indices.contains(index) ? self[index] : nil
  }
 }
+
+func resolveBinaryPath(_ name: String) -> URL? {
+  guard let path = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["PATH"] else {
+    return nil
+  }
+
+  for pathComponent in path.split(separator: ":") {
+    let url = URL(fileURLWithPath: String(pathComponent))
+      .appendingPathComponent(name, isDirectory: false)
+
+    if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: url.path) {
+      return url
+    }
+  }
+
+  return nil
+}
@@ -5,33 +5,26 @@ import Dynamic
 // Kudos to @saagarjha's VirtualApple for finding about _VZVirtualMachineStartOptions

 extension VZVirtualMachine {
+  @MainActor @available(macOS 12, *)
  func start(_ recovery: Bool) async throws {
    if !recovery {
      // just use the regular API
-      return try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { continuation in
-        DispatchQueue.main.async {
-          self.start(completionHandler: { result in
-            continuation.resume(with: result)
-          })
-        }
-      }
+      return try await self.start()
    }

    // use some private stuff only for recovery
    return try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { (continuation: CheckedContinuation<Void, Error>) in
-      DispatchQueue.main.async {
-        let handler: @convention(block) (_ result: Any?) -> Void = { result in
-          if let error = result as? Error {
-            continuation.resume(throwing: error)
-          } else {
-            continuation.resume(returning: ())
-          }
+      let handler: @convention(block) (_ result: Any?) -> Void = { result in
+        if let error = result as? Error {
+          continuation.resume(throwing: error)
+        } else {
+          continuation.resume(returning: ())
        }
-        // dynamic magic
-        let options = Dynamic._VZVirtualMachineStartOptions()
-        options.bootMacOSRecovery = recovery
-        Dynamic(self)._start(withOptions: options, completionHandler: handler)
      }
+      // dynamic magic
+      let options = Dynamic._VZVirtualMachineStartOptions()
+      options.bootMacOSRecovery = recovery
+      Dynamic(self)._start(withOptions: options, completionHandler: handler)
    }
  }
 }
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import Foundation
 import Virtualization
+import AsyncAlgorithms

 struct UnsupportedRestoreImageError: Error {
 }
@@ -10,6 +11,17 @@ struct NoMainScreenFoundError: Error {
 struct DownloadFailed: Error {
 }

+struct UnsupportedOSError: Error, CustomStringConvertible {
+  let description: String
+
+  init(_ what: String, _ plural: String, _ requires: String = "running macOS 13.0 (Ventura) or newer") {
+    description = "error: \(what) \(plural) only supported on hosts \(requires)"
+  }
+}
+
+struct UnsupportedArchitectureError: Error {
+}
+
 class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
  // Virtualization.Framework's virtual machine
  @Published var virtualMachine: VZVirtualMachine
@@ -19,67 +31,122 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {

  // VM's config
  var name: String
-  
+
  // VM's config
  var config: VMConfig

-  init(vmDir: VMDirectory) throws {
-    let auxStorage = VZMacAuxiliaryStorage(contentsOf: vmDir.nvramURL)
+  var network: Network

+  init(vmDir: VMDirectory,
+       network: Network = NetworkShared(),
+       additionalDiskAttachments: [VZDiskImageStorageDeviceAttachment] = [],
+       directorySharingDevices: [VZDirectorySharingDeviceConfiguration] = [],
+       serialPorts: [VZSerialPortConfiguration] = []
+  ) throws {
    name = vmDir.name
    config = try VMConfig.init(fromURL: vmDir.configURL)

-    let configuration = try VM.craftConfiguration(diskURL: vmDir.diskURL, auxStorage: auxStorage, vmConfig: config)
+    if config.arch != CurrentArchitecture() {
+      throw UnsupportedArchitectureError()
+    }
+
+    // Initialize the virtual machine and its configuration
+    self.network = network
+    let configuration = try Self.craftConfiguration(diskURL: vmDir.diskURL,
+                                                    nvramURL: vmDir.nvramURL, vmConfig: config,
+                                                    network: network, additionalDiskAttachments: additionalDiskAttachments,
+                                                    directorySharingDevices: directorySharingDevices,
+                                                    serialPorts: serialPorts
+    )
    virtualMachine = VZVirtualMachine(configuration: configuration)

    super.init()
-
    virtualMachine.delegate = self
  }

-  static func retrieveLatestIPSW() async throws -> URL {
+  static func retrieveIPSW(remoteURL: URL) async throws -> URL {
+    // Check if we already have this IPSW in cache
+    let (channel, response) = try await Fetcher.fetch(URLRequest(url: remoteURL), viaFile: true)
+
+    if let hash = response.value(forHTTPHeaderField: "x-amz-meta-digest-sha256") {
+      let ipswLocation = try IPSWCache().locationFor(fileName: "sha256:\(hash).ipsw")
+
+      if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: ipswLocation.path) {
+        defaultLogger.appendNewLine("Using cached *.ipsw file...")
+        try ipswLocation.updateAccessDate()
+
+        return ipswLocation
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Download the IPSW
+    defaultLogger.appendNewLine("Fetching \(remoteURL.lastPathComponent)...")
+
+    let progress = Progress(totalUnitCount: response.expectedContentLength)
+    ProgressObserver(progress).log(defaultLogger)
+
+    let temporaryLocation = try Config().tartTmpDir.appendingPathComponent(UUID().uuidString + ".ipsw")
+    FileManager.default.createFile(atPath: temporaryLocation.path, contents: nil)
+    let lock = try FileLock(lockURL: temporaryLocation)
+    try lock.lock()
+
+    let fileHandle = try FileHandle(forWritingTo: temporaryLocation)
+    let digest = Digest()
+
+    for try await chunk in channel {
+      let chunkAsData = Data(chunk)
+      fileHandle.write(chunkAsData)
+      digest.update(chunkAsData)
+      progress.completedUnitCount += Int64(chunk.count)
+    }
+
+    try fileHandle.close()
+
+    let finalLocation = try IPSWCache().locationFor(fileName: digest.finalize() + ".ipsw")
+
+    return try FileManager.default.replaceItemAt(finalLocation, withItemAt: temporaryLocation)!
+  }
+
+  static func latestIPSWURL() async throws -> URL {
    defaultLogger.appendNewLine("Looking up the latest supported IPSW...")
+
    let image = try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { continuation in
      VZMacOSRestoreImage.fetchLatestSupported() { result in
        continuation.resume(with: result)
      }
    }

-
-    let ipswCacheFolder = Config.tartCacheDir.appendingPathComponent("IPSWs", isDirectory: true)
-    try FileManager.default.createDirectory(at: ipswCacheFolder, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
-
-    let expectedIPSWLocation = ipswCacheFolder.appendingPathComponent("\(image.buildVersion).ipsw", isDirectory: false)
-
-    if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: expectedIPSWLocation.path) {
-      defaultLogger.appendNewLine("Using cached *.ipsw file...")
-      return expectedIPSWLocation
-    }
-
-    defaultLogger.appendNewLine("Fetching \(expectedIPSWLocation.lastPathComponent)...")
-
-    let data: Data = try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { continuation in
-      let downloadedTask = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: image.url) { data, response, error in
-        if error != nil {
-          continuation.resume(throwing: error!)
-          return
-        }
-        if (data == nil) {
-          continuation.resume(throwing: DownloadFailed())
-          return
-        }
-        continuation.resume(returning: data!)
-      }
-      ProgressObserver(downloadedTask.progress).log(defaultLogger)
-      downloadedTask.resume()
-    }
-
-    try data.write(to: expectedIPSWLocation, options: [.atomic])
-    return expectedIPSWLocation
+    return image.url
  }

-  init(vmDir: VMDirectory, ipswURL: URL?, diskSizeGB: UInt8) async throws {
-    let ipswURL = ipswURL != nil ? ipswURL! : try await VM.retrieveLatestIPSW();
+  var inFinalState: Bool {
+    get {
+      virtualMachine.state == VZVirtualMachine.State.stopped ||
+        virtualMachine.state == VZVirtualMachine.State.paused ||
+        virtualMachine.state == VZVirtualMachine.State.error
+
+    }
+  }
+
+  init(
+    vmDir: VMDirectory,
+    ipswURL: URL,
+    diskSizeGB: UInt16,
+    network: Network = NetworkShared(),
+    additionalDiskAttachments: [VZDiskImageStorageDeviceAttachment] = [],
+    directorySharingDevices: [VZDirectorySharingDeviceConfiguration] = [],
+    serialPorts: [VZSerialPortConfiguration] = []
+  ) async throws {
+    var ipswURL = ipswURL
+
+    if !ipswURL.isFileURL {
+      ipswURL = try await VM.retrieveIPSW(remoteURL: ipswURL)
+    }
+
+    // We create a temporary TART_HOME directory in tests, which has its "cache" folder symlinked
+    // to the users Tart cache directory (~/.tart/cache). However, the Virtualization.Framework
+    // cannot deal with paths that contain symlinks, so expand them here first.
+    ipswURL.resolveSymlinksInPath()

    // Load the restore image and try to get the requirements
    // that match both the image and our platform
@@ -94,7 +161,7 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
    }

    // Create NVRAM
-    let auxStorage = try VZMacAuxiliaryStorage(creatingStorageAt: vmDir.nvramURL, hardwareModel: requirements.hardwareModel)
+    _ = try VZMacAuxiliaryStorage(creatingStorageAt: vmDir.nvramURL, hardwareModel: requirements.hardwareModel)

    // Create disk
    try vmDir.resizeDisk(diskSizeGB)
@@ -102,7 +169,7 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
    name = vmDir.name
    // Create config
    config = VMConfig(
-      hardwareModel: requirements.hardwareModel,
+      platform: Darwin(ecid: VZMacMachineIdentifier(), hardwareModel: requirements.hardwareModel),
      cpuCountMin: requirements.minimumSupportedCPUCount,
      memorySizeMin: requirements.minimumSupportedMemorySize
    )
@@ -111,16 +178,21 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
    try config.save(toURL: vmDir.configURL)

    // Initialize the virtual machine and its configuration
-    let configuration = try VM.craftConfiguration(diskURL: vmDir.diskURL, auxStorage: auxStorage, vmConfig: config)
+    self.network = network
+    let configuration = try Self.craftConfiguration(diskURL: vmDir.diskURL, nvramURL: vmDir.nvramURL,
+                                                    vmConfig: config, network: network,
+                                                    additionalDiskAttachments: additionalDiskAttachments,
+                                                    directorySharingDevices: directorySharingDevices,
+                                                    serialPorts: serialPorts
+    )
    virtualMachine = VZVirtualMachine(configuration: configuration)

    super.init()
-
    virtualMachine.delegate = self

    // Run automated installation
    try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { (continuation: CheckedContinuation<Void, Error>) in
-      DispatchQueue.main.async {
+      DispatchQueue.main.async { [ipswURL] in
        let installer = VZMacOSInstaller(virtualMachine: self.virtualMachine, restoringFromImageAt: ipswURL)

        defaultLogger.appendNewLine("Installing OS...")
@@ -133,88 +205,116 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
    }
  }

+  @available(macOS 13, *)
+  static func linux(vmDir: VMDirectory, diskSizeGB: UInt16) async throws -> VM {
+    // Create NVRAM
+    _ = try VZEFIVariableStore(creatingVariableStoreAt: vmDir.nvramURL)
+
+    // Create disk
+    try vmDir.resizeDisk(diskSizeGB)
+
+    // Create config
+    let config = VMConfig(platform: Linux(), cpuCountMin: 4, memorySizeMin: 4096 * 1024 * 1024)
+    try config.save(toURL: vmDir.configURL)
+
+    return try VM(vmDir: vmDir)
+  }
+
  func run(_ recovery: Bool) async throws {
-    try await virtualMachine.start(recovery)
+    try network.run(sema)
+
+    try await start(recovery)

    await withTaskCancellationHandler(operation: {
+      // Wait for the VM to finish running
+      // or for the exit condition
      sema.wait()
    }, onCancel: {
      sema.signal()
    })

    if Task.isCancelled {
-      DispatchQueue.main.sync {
-        Task {
-          try await self.virtualMachine.stop()
-        }
-      }
+      try await stop()
+    }
+
+    try await network.stop()
+  }
+
+  @MainActor
+  private func start(_ recovery: Bool) async throws {
+    if #available(macOS 13, *) {
+      // new API introduced in Ventura
+      let startOptions = VZMacOSVirtualMachineStartOptions()
+      startOptions.startUpFromMacOSRecovery = recovery
+      try await virtualMachine.start(options: startOptions)
+    } else {
+      // use method that also available on Monterey
+      try await virtualMachine.start(recovery)
    }
  }

-  static func craftConfiguration(diskURL: URL, auxStorage: VZMacAuxiliaryStorage, vmConfig: VMConfig) throws -> VZVirtualMachineConfiguration {
+  @MainActor
+  private func stop() async throws {
+    try await self.virtualMachine.stop()
+  }
+
+  static func craftConfiguration(
+    diskURL: URL,
+    nvramURL: URL,
+    vmConfig: VMConfig,
+    network: Network = NetworkShared(),
+    additionalDiskAttachments: [VZDiskImageStorageDeviceAttachment],
+    directorySharingDevices: [VZDirectorySharingDeviceConfiguration],
+    serialPorts: [VZSerialPortConfiguration]
+  ) throws -> VZVirtualMachineConfiguration {
    let configuration = VZVirtualMachineConfiguration()

    // Boot loader
-    configuration.bootLoader = VZMacOSBootLoader()
+    configuration.bootLoader = try vmConfig.platform.bootLoader(nvramURL: nvramURL)

    // CPU and memory
    configuration.cpuCount = vmConfig.cpuCount
    configuration.memorySize = vmConfig.memorySize

    // Platform
-    let platform = VZMacPlatformConfiguration()
-
-    platform.machineIdentifier = vmConfig.ecid
-    platform.auxiliaryStorage = auxStorage
-    platform.hardwareModel = vmConfig.hardwareModel
-
-    configuration.platform = platform
+    configuration.platform = try vmConfig.platform.platform(nvramURL: nvramURL)

    // Display
-    let graphicsDeviceConfiguration = VZMacGraphicsDeviceConfiguration()
-    if let hostMainScreen = NSScreen.main {
-      let vmScreenSize = NSSize(
-        width: vmConfig.display.width,
-        height: vmConfig.display.height
-      )
-      graphicsDeviceConfiguration.displays = [
-        VZMacGraphicsDisplayConfiguration(for: hostMainScreen, sizeInPoints: vmScreenSize)
-      ]
-    } else {
-      graphicsDeviceConfiguration.displays = [
-        VZMacGraphicsDisplayConfiguration(
-          widthInPixels: vmConfig.display.width,
-          heightInPixels: vmConfig.display.height,
-          // Reasonable guess like https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coregraphics/1456599-cgdisplayscreensize    
-          pixelsPerInch: 72
-        )
-      ]
-    }
-    configuration.graphicsDevices = [graphicsDeviceConfiguration]
+    configuration.graphicsDevices = [vmConfig.platform.graphicsDevice(vmConfig: vmConfig)]

    // Audio
    let soundDeviceConfiguration = VZVirtioSoundDeviceConfiguration()
-    soundDeviceConfiguration.streams = [VZVirtioSoundDeviceInputStreamConfiguration(), VZVirtioSoundDeviceOutputStreamConfiguration()]
+    let inputAudioStreamConfiguration = VZVirtioSoundDeviceInputStreamConfiguration()
+    inputAudioStreamConfiguration.source = VZHostAudioInputStreamSource()
+    let outputAudioStreamConfiguration = VZVirtioSoundDeviceOutputStreamConfiguration()
+    outputAudioStreamConfiguration.sink = VZHostAudioOutputStreamSink()
+    soundDeviceConfiguration.streams = [inputAudioStreamConfiguration, outputAudioStreamConfiguration]
    configuration.audioDevices = [soundDeviceConfiguration]

    // Keyboard and mouse
    configuration.keyboards = [VZUSBKeyboardConfiguration()]
-    configuration.pointingDevices = [VZUSBScreenCoordinatePointingDeviceConfiguration()]
+    configuration.pointingDevices = vmConfig.platform.pointingDevices()

    // Networking
    let vio = VZVirtioNetworkDeviceConfiguration()
-    vio.attachment = VZNATNetworkDeviceAttachment()
+    vio.attachment = network.attachment()
    vio.macAddress = vmConfig.macAddress
    configuration.networkDevices = [vio]

    // Storage
-    let attachment = try VZDiskImageStorageDeviceAttachment(url: diskURL, readOnly: false)
-    let storage = VZVirtioBlockDeviceConfiguration(attachment: attachment)
-    configuration.storageDevices = [storage]
+    var attachments = [try VZDiskImageStorageDeviceAttachment(url: diskURL, readOnly: false)]
+    attachments.append(contentsOf: additionalDiskAttachments)
+    configuration.storageDevices = attachments.map { VZVirtioBlockDeviceConfiguration(attachment: $0) }

    // Entropy
    configuration.entropyDevices = [VZVirtioEntropyDeviceConfiguration()]

+    // Directory sharing devices
+    configuration.directorySharingDevices = directorySharingDevices
+
+    // Serial Port
+    configuration.serialPorts = serialPorts
+
    try configuration.validate()

    return configuration
@@ -226,7 +326,7 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
  }

  func virtualMachine(_ virtualMachine: VZVirtualMachine, didStopWithError error: Error) {
-    print("guest has stopped the virtual machine due to error")
+    print("guest has stopped the virtual machine due to error: \(error)")
    sema.signal()
  }

--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More