Avoid duplicate progress updates in CI logs (#1140)

* Avoid duplicate progress updates in CI logs

* Update Sources/tart/Logging/ProgressObserver.swift

Co-authored-by: Nikolay Edigaryev <edigaryev@gmail.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Nikolay Edigaryev <edigaryev@gmail.com>

.cirrus.yml

@@ -83,8 +83,9 @@ task:
     - security set-key-partition-list -S apple-tool:,apple:,codesign: -s -k password101 build.keychain
     - xcrun notarytool store-credentials "notarytool" --apple-id "hello@cirruslabs.org" --team-id "9M2P8L4D89" --password $AC_PASSWORD
   install_script:
-    - brew install go goreleaser/tap/goreleaser-pro
+    - brew install go
     - brew install mitchellh/gon/gon
+    - brew install --cask goreleaser/tap/goreleaser-pro
   info_script:
     - security find-identity -v
     - xcodebuild -version
@@ -121,8 +122,9 @@ task:
     - security set-key-partition-list -S apple-tool:,apple:,codesign: -s -k password101 build.keychain
     - xcrun notarytool store-credentials "notarytool" --apple-id "hello@cirruslabs.org" --team-id "9M2P8L4D89" --password $AC_PASSWORD
   install_script:
-    - brew install go goreleaser/tap/goreleaser-pro getsentry/tools/sentry-cli
+    - brew install go getsentry/tools/sentry-cli
     - brew install mitchellh/gon/gon
+    - brew install --cask goreleaser/tap/goreleaser-pro
   info_script:
     - security find-identity -v
     - xcodebuild -version

.gitignore

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ tart.xcodeproj/
 # AppCode
 .idea/
 
+# VS Code
+.vscode/
+
 # Swift
 .build/
 

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ Table of Contents
 
 1. Code should follow camel case
 2. Code should follow [SwiftFormat](https://github.com/nicklockwood/SwiftFormat#swift-package-manager-plugin) guidelines. You can auto-format the code by running the following command:
+
 ```bash
 swift package plugin --allow-writing-to-package-directory swiftformat --cache ignore .
 ```

Package.resolved

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "originHash" : "90af6efa7ed1bbb0cd6985eb109c1e265a223a697b7fbaae2453206a892180e7",
+  "originHash" : "668bad809d4882f75f097e66a12a6dbc8e61ec998f1800a7e09439c854fadda1",
   "pins" : [
     {
       "identity" : "antlr4",
@@ -13,19 +13,19 @@
     {
       "identity" : "cirruslabs_tart-guest-agent_apple_swift",
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
-      "location" : "https://buf.build/gen/swift/git/1.28.2-00000000000000-dfeb75ad2b39.1/cirruslabs_tart-guest-agent_apple_swift.git",
+      "location" : "https://buf.build/gen/swift/git/1.28.2-00000000000000-17d7dedafb88.1/cirruslabs_tart-guest-agent_apple_swift.git",
       "state" : {
-        "revision" : "3e13bec2dd36788e80a2e5a2022d44d4a1f373cf",
-        "version" : "1.28.2-00000000000000-dfeb75ad2b39.1"
+        "revision" : "ccfae5de1917cdb0d7c5000008fa5ed0bad032bf",
+        "version" : "1.28.2-00000000000000-17d7dedafb88.1"
       }
     },
     {
       "identity" : "cirruslabs_tart-guest-agent_grpc_swift",
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
-      "location" : "https://buf.build/gen/swift/git/1.24.2-00000000000000-dfeb75ad2b39.1/cirruslabs_tart-guest-agent_grpc_swift.git",
+      "location" : "https://buf.build/gen/swift/git/1.24.2-00000000000000-17d7dedafb88.1/cirruslabs_tart-guest-agent_grpc_swift.git",
       "state" : {
-        "branch" : "1.24.2-00000000000000-dfeb75ad2b39.1",
-        "revision" : "5b6ff43b580fe435f0a174e137e2b197759a7170"
+        "branch" : "1.24.2-00000000000000-17d7dedafb88.1",
+        "revision" : "b8421f137325fe8de737ff5b61238f6f2131b2a8"
       }
     },
     {
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
       "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-argument-parser",
       "state" : {
-        "revision" : "41982a3656a71c768319979febd796c6fd111d5c",
-        "version" : "1.5.0"
+        "revision" : "309a47b2b1d9b5e991f36961c983ecec72275be3",
+        "version" : "1.6.1"
       }
     },
     {

Package.swift

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ let package = Package(
     .executable(name: "tart", targets: ["tart"])
   ],
   dependencies: [
-    .package(url: "https://github.com/apple/swift-argument-parser", from: "1.3.1"),
+    .package(url: "https://github.com/apple/swift-argument-parser", from: "1.6.1"),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/mhdhejazi/Dynamic", branch: "master"),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/apple/swift-algorithms", from: "1.2.0"),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/malcommac/SwiftDate", from: "7.0.0"),
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ let package = Package(
     .package(url: "https://github.com/fumoboy007/swift-retry", from: "0.2.3"),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/jozefizso/swift-xattr", from: "3.0.0"),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-swift.git", .upToNextMajor(from: "1.24.2")),
-    .package(url: "https://buf.build/gen/swift/git/1.24.2-00000000000000-dfeb75ad2b39.1/cirruslabs_tart-guest-agent_grpc_swift.git", revision: "1.24.2-00000000000000-dfeb75ad2b39.1"),
+    .package(url: "https://buf.build/gen/swift/git/1.24.2-00000000000000-17d7dedafb88.1/cirruslabs_tart-guest-agent_grpc_swift.git", revision: "1.24.2-00000000000000-17d7dedafb88.1"),
   ],
   targets: [
     .executableTarget(name: "tart", dependencies: [

README.md

@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ Try running a Tart VM on your Apple Silicon device running macOS 13.0 (Ventura)
 
 ```bash
 brew install cirruslabs/cli/tart
-tart clone ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sequoia-base:latest sequoia-base
-tart run sequoia-base
+tart clone ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-tahoe-base:latest tahoe-base
+tart run tahoe-base
 ```
 
 Please check the [official documentation](https://tart.run) for more information and/or feel free to use [discussions](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/discussions)

Sources/tart/Commands/Clone.swift

@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ struct Clone: AsyncParsableCommand {
   @Flag(help: .hidden)
   var deduplicate: Bool = false
 
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("limit automatic pruning to n gigabytes", valueName: "n"))
+  var pruneLimit: UInt = 100
+
   func validate() throws {
     if newName.contains("/") {
       throw ValidationError("<new-name> should be a local name")
@@ -42,8 +45,8 @@ struct Clone: AsyncParsableCommand {
   }
 
   func run() async throws {
-    let ociStorage = VMStorageOCI()
-    let localStorage = VMStorageLocal()
+    let ociStorage = try VMStorageOCI()
+    let localStorage = try VMStorageLocal()
 
     if let remoteName = try? RemoteName(sourceName), !ociStorage.exists(remoteName) {
       // Pull the VM in case it's OCI-based and doesn't exist locally yet
@@ -76,8 +79,10 @@ struct Clone: AsyncParsableCommand {
       //
       // So, once we clone the VM let's try to claim the rest of space for the VM to run without errors.
       let unallocatedBytes = try sourceVM.sizeBytes() - sourceVM.allocatedSizeBytes()
-      if unallocatedBytes > 0 {
-        try Prune.reclaimIfNeeded(UInt64(unallocatedBytes), sourceVM)
+      // Avoid reclaiming an excessive amount of disk space.
+      let reclaimBytes = min(unallocatedBytes, Int(pruneLimit) * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
+      if reclaimBytes > 0 {
+        try Prune.reclaimIfNeeded(UInt64(reclaimBytes), sourceVM)
       }
     }, onCancel: {
       try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: tmpVMDir.baseURL)

Sources/tart/Commands/Create.swift

@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ struct Create: AsyncParsableCommand {
   @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Disk size in GB"))
   var diskSize: UInt16 = 50
 
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Disk image format", discussion: "ASIF format provides better performance but requires macOS 26 Tahoe or later"))
+  var diskFormat: DiskImageFormat = .raw
+
   func validate() throws {
     if fromIPSW == nil && !linux {
       throw ValidationError("Please specify either a --from-ipsw or --linux option!")
@@ -28,6 +31,11 @@ struct Create: AsyncParsableCommand {
         throw ValidationError("Only Linux VMs are supported on Intel!")
       }
     #endif
+
+    // Validate disk format support
+    if !diskFormat.isSupported {
+      throw ValidationError("Disk format '\(diskFormat.rawValue)' is not supported on this system.")
+    }
   }
 
   func run() async throws {
@@ -58,12 +66,12 @@ struct Create: AsyncParsableCommand {
             ipswURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: NSString(string: fromIPSW).expandingTildeInPath)
           }
 
-          _ = try await VM(vmDir: tmpVMDir, ipswURL: ipswURL, diskSizeGB: diskSize)
+          _ = try await VM(vmDir: tmpVMDir, ipswURL: ipswURL, diskSizeGB: diskSize, diskFormat: diskFormat)
         }
       #endif
 
       if linux {
-        _ = try await VM.linux(vmDir: tmpVMDir, diskSizeGB: diskSize)
+        _ = try await VM.linux(vmDir: tmpVMDir, diskSizeGB: diskSize, diskFormat: diskFormat)
       }
 
       try VMStorageLocal().move(name, from: tmpVMDir)

Sources/tart/Commands/Exec.swift

@@ -15,15 +15,15 @@ struct Exec: AsyncParsableCommand {
   Note that all non-vanilla Cirrus Labs VM images already have the Tart Guest Agent installed.
   """)
 
-  @Argument(help: "VM name", completion: .custom(completeLocalMachines))
-  var name: String
-
   @Flag(name: [.customShort("i")], help: "Attach host's standard input to a remote command")
   var interactive: Bool = false
 
   @Flag(name: [.customShort("t")], help: "Allocate a remote pseudo-terminal (PTY)")
   var tty: Bool = false
 
+  @Argument(help: "VM name", completion: .custom(completeLocalMachines))
+  var name: String
+
   @Argument(parsing: .captureForPassthrough, help: "Command to execute")
   var command: [String]
 
@@ -79,8 +79,7 @@ struct Exec: AsyncParsableCommand {
 
   private func execute(_ channel: GRPCChannel) async throws {
     let agentAsyncClient = AgentAsyncClient(channel: channel)
-    let callOptions = CallOptions(timeLimit: .timeout(.seconds(1)))
-    let execCall = agentAsyncClient.makeExecCall(callOptions: callOptions)
+    let execCall = agentAsyncClient.makeExecCall()
 
     try await execCall.requestStream.send(.with {
       $0.type = .command(.with {
@@ -88,11 +87,13 @@ struct Exec: AsyncParsableCommand {
         $0.args = Array(command.dropFirst(1))
         $0.interactive = interactive
         $0.tty = tty
-        $0.terminalSize = .with {
-          let (width, height) = try! Term.GetSize()
+        if tty {
+          $0.terminalSize = .with {
+            let (width, height) = try! Term.GetSize()
 
-          $0.cols = UInt32(width)
-          $0.rows = UInt32(height)
+            $0.cols = UInt32(width)
+            $0.rows = UInt32(height)
+          }
         }
       })
     })
@@ -101,28 +102,61 @@ struct Exec: AsyncParsableCommand {
     try await withThrowingTaskGroup { group in
       // Stream host's standard input if interactive mode is enabled
       if interactive {
-        let stdinStream = AsyncStream<Data> { continuation in
+        let stdinStream = AsyncThrowingStream<Data, Error> { continuation in
           let handle = FileHandle.standardInput
 
-          handle.readabilityHandler = { handle in
-            let data = handle.availableData
+          if isRegularFile(handle.fileDescriptor) {
+            // Standard input can be a regular file when input redirection (<) is used,
+            // in which case the handle won't receive any new readability events, so we
+            // just read the file normally here in chunks and consider done with it
+            //
+            // Ideally this is best handled by using non-blocking I/O, but Swift's
+            // standard library only offers inefficient bytes[1] property and SwiftNIO's
+            // NIOFileSystem doesn't seem to support opening raw file descriptors.
+            //
+            // [1]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/filehandle/bytes
+            while true {
+              do {
+                let data = try handle.read(upToCount: 64 * 1024)
+                if let data = data {
+                  continuation.yield(data)
+                } else {
+                  continuation.finish()
+                  break
+                }
+              } catch (let error) {
+                continuation.finish(throwing: error)
+                break
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            handle.readabilityHandler = { handle in
+              let data = handle.availableData
 
-            continuation.yield(data)
-
-            if data.isEmpty {
-              continuation.finish()
+              if data.isEmpty {
+                continuation.finish()
+              } else {
+                continuation.yield(data)
+              }
             }
           }
         }
 
         group.addTask {
-          for await stdinData in stdinStream {
+          for try await stdinData in stdinStream {
             try await execCall.requestStream.send(.with {
               $0.type = .standardInput(.with {
                 $0.data = stdinData
               })
             })
           }
+
+          // Signal EOF as we're done reading standard input
+          try await execCall.requestStream.send(.with {
+            $0.type = .standardInput(.with {
+              $0.data = Data()
+            })
+          })
         }
       }
 
@@ -179,3 +213,13 @@ struct Exec: AsyncParsableCommand {
     }
   }
 }
+
+private func isRegularFile(_ fileDescriptor: Int32) -> Bool {
+  var stat = stat()
+
+  if fstat(fileDescriptor, &stat) != 0 {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  return (stat.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG
+}

Sources/tart/Commands/Get.swift

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ fileprivate struct VMInfo: Encodable {
   let CPU: Int
   let Memory: UInt64
   let Disk: Int
+  let DiskFormat: String
   let Size: String
   let Display: String
   let Running: Bool
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ struct Get: AsyncParsableCommand {
     let vmConfig = try VMConfig(fromURL: vmDir.configURL)
     let memorySizeInMb = vmConfig.memorySize / 1024 / 1024
 
-    let info = VMInfo(OS: vmConfig.os, CPU: vmConfig.cpuCount, Memory: memorySizeInMb, Disk: try vmDir.sizeGB(), Size: String(format: "%.3f", Float(try vmDir.allocatedSizeBytes()) / 1000 / 1000 / 1000), Display: vmConfig.display.description, Running: try vmDir.running(), State: try vmDir.state().rawValue)
+    let info = VMInfo(OS: vmConfig.os, CPU: vmConfig.cpuCount, Memory: memorySizeInMb, Disk: try vmDir.sizeGB(), DiskFormat: vmConfig.diskFormat.rawValue, Size: String(format: "%.3f", Float(try vmDir.allocatedSizeBytes()) / 1000 / 1000 / 1000), Display: vmConfig.display.description, Running: try vmDir.running(), State: try vmDir.state().rawValue)
     print(format.renderSingle(info))
   }
 }

Sources/tart/Commands/IP.swift

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ import SystemConfiguration
 import Sentry
 
 enum IPResolutionStrategy: String, ExpressibleByArgument, CaseIterable {
-  case dhcp, arp
+  case dhcp, arp, agent
 
-  private(set) static var allValueStrings: [String] = Format.allCases.map { "\($0)"}
+  private(set) static var allValueStrings: [String] = Self.allCases.map { "\($0)"}
 }
 
 struct IP: AsyncParsableCommand {
@@ -19,13 +19,11 @@ struct IP: AsyncParsableCommand {
   @Option(help: "Number of seconds to wait for a potential VM booting")
   var wait: UInt16 = 0
 
-  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Strategy for resolving IP address: dhcp or arp",
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Strategy for resolving IP address",
                              discussion: """
-                             By default, Tart is looking up and parsing DHCP lease file to determine the IP of the VM.\n
-                             This method is fast and the most reliable but only returns local IP adresses.\n
-                             Alternatively, Tart can call external `arp` executable and parse it's output.\n
-                             In case of enabled Bridged Networking this method will return VM's IP address on the network interface used for Bridged Networking.\n
-                             Note that `arp` strategy won't work for VMs using `--net-softnet`.
+                             By default, Tart is using a "dhcp" resolver which parses the DHCP lease file on host and tries to find an entry containing the VM's MAC address. This method is fast and the most reliable, but only works for VMs are not using the bridged networking.\n
+                             Alternatively, Tart has an "arp" resolver which calls an external "arp" executable and parses it's output. This works for VMs using bridged networking and returns their IP, but when they generate enough network activity to populate the host's ARP table. Note that "arp" strategy won't work for VMs using the Softnet networking.\n
+                             A third strategy, "agent" works in all cases reliably, but requires Guest agent for Tart VMs (https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart-guest-agent) to be installed inside of a VM.
                              """))
   var resolver: IPResolutionStrategy = .dhcp
 
@@ -34,14 +32,16 @@ struct IP: AsyncParsableCommand {
     let vmConfig = try VMConfig.init(fromURL: vmDir.configURL)
     let vmMACAddress = MACAddress(fromString: vmConfig.macAddress.string)!
 
-    guard let ip = try await IP.resolveIP(vmMACAddress, resolutionStrategy: resolver, secondsToWait: wait) else {
+    guard let ip = try await IP.resolveIP(vmMACAddress, resolutionStrategy: resolver, secondsToWait: wait, controlSocketURL: vmDir.controlSocketURL) else {
       var message = "no IP address found"
 
       if try !vmDir.running() {
         message += ", is your VM running?"
       }
 
-      if (vmConfig.os == .linux && resolver == .arp) {
+      if (resolver == .agent) {
+        message += " (also make sure that Guest agent for Tart is running inside of a VM)"
+      } else if (vmConfig.os == .linux && resolver == .arp) {
         message += " (not all Linux distributions are compatible with the ARP resolver)"
       }
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ struct IP: AsyncParsableCommand {
     print(ip)
   }
 
-  static public func resolveIP(_ vmMACAddress: MACAddress, resolutionStrategy: IPResolutionStrategy = .dhcp, secondsToWait: UInt16 = 0) async throws -> IPv4Address? {
+  static public func resolveIP(_ vmMACAddress: MACAddress, resolutionStrategy: IPResolutionStrategy = .dhcp, secondsToWait: UInt16 = 0, controlSocketURL: URL? = nil) async throws -> IPv4Address? {
     let waitUntil = Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .second, value: Int(secondsToWait), to: Date.now)!
 
     repeat {
@@ -64,6 +64,14 @@ struct IP: AsyncParsableCommand {
         if let leases = try Leases(), let ip = leases.ResolveMACAddress(macAddress: vmMACAddress) {
           return ip
         }
+      case .agent:
+        guard let controlSocketURL = controlSocketURL else {
+          throw RuntimeError.Generic("Cannot perform IP resolution via Tart Guest Agent when control socket URL is not set")
+        }
+
+        if let ip = try await AgentResolver.ResolveIP(controlSocketURL) {
+          return ip
+        }
       }
 
       // wait a second

Sources/tart/Commands/Import.swift

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ struct Import: AsyncParsableCommand {
   }
 
   func run() async throws {
-    let localStorage = VMStorageLocal()
+    let localStorage = try VMStorageLocal()
 
     // Create a temporary VM directory to which we will load the export file
     let tmpVMDir = try VMDirectory.temporary()

Sources/tart/Commands/Login.swift

@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ struct Login: AsyncParsableCommand {
 }
 
 fileprivate class DictionaryCredentialsProvider: CredentialsProvider {
+  let userFriendlyName = "static dictionary credentials provider"
+
   var credentials: Dictionary<String, (String, String)>
 
   init(_ credentials: Dictionary<String, (String, String)>) {

Sources/tart/Commands/Prune.swift

@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ struct Prune: AsyncParsableCommand {
 
     switch entries {
     case "caches":
-      prunableStorages = [VMStorageOCI(), try IPSWCache()]
+      prunableStorages = [try VMStorageOCI(), try IPSWCache()]
     case "vms":
-      prunableStorages = [VMStorageLocal()]
+      prunableStorages = [try VMStorageLocal()]
     default:
       throw ValidationError("unsupported --entries value, please specify either \"caches\" or \"vms\"")
     }
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ struct Prune: AsyncParsableCommand {
     let transaction = SentrySDK.startTransaction(name: "Pruning cache", operation: "prune", bindToScope: true)
     defer { transaction.finish() }
 
-    let prunableStorages: [PrunableStorage] = [VMStorageOCI(), try IPSWCache()]
+    let prunableStorages: [PrunableStorage] = [try VMStorageOCI(), try IPSWCache()]
     let prunables: [Prunable] = try prunableStorages
       .flatMap { try $0.prunables() }
       .sorted { try $0.accessDate() < $1.accessDate() }

Sources/tart/Commands/Pull.swift

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ struct Pull: AsyncParsableCommand {
   func run() async throws {
     // Be more liberal when accepting local image as argument,
     // see https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/issues/36
-    if VMStorageLocal().exists(remoteName) {
+    if try VMStorageLocal().exists(remoteName) {
       print("\"\(remoteName)\" is a local image, nothing to pull here!")
 
       return

Sources/tart/Commands/Push.swift

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ struct Push: AsyncParsableCommand {
   var populateCache: Bool = false
 
   func run() async throws {
-    let ociStorage = VMStorageOCI()
+    let ociStorage = try VMStorageOCI()
     let localVMDir = try VMStorageHelper.open(localName)
     let lock = try localVMDir.lock()
     if try !lock.trylock() {

Sources/tart/Commands/Rename.swift

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ struct Rename: AsyncParsableCommand {
   }
 
   func run() async throws {
-    let localStorage = VMStorageLocal()
+    let localStorage = try VMStorageLocal()
 
     if !localStorage.exists(name) {
       throw ValidationError("failed to rename a non-existent local VM: \(name)")

Sources/tart/Commands/Run.swift

@@ -116,10 +116,6 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
   #endif
   var vncExperimental: Bool = false
 
-  // Note that the valueName here should really be "path[:options]" instead of just "path",
-  // see ArgumentParser issue[1] for more details.
-  //
-  // [1]: https://github.com/apple/swift-argument-parser/issues/761
   @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("""
   Additional disk attachments with an optional read-only and synchronization options in the form of path[:options] (e.g. --disk="disk.bin", --disk="ubuntu.iso:ro", --disk="/dev/disk0", --disk "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/xcode:16.0:ro" or --disk="nbd://localhost:10809/myDisk:sync=none")
   """, discussion: """
@@ -143,7 +139,7 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
   To work around this pass TART_HOME explicitly:
 
   sudo TART_HOME="$HOME/.tart" tart run sequoia --disk=/dev/disk0
-  """, valueName: "path"), completion: .file())
+  """, valueName: "path[:options]"), completion: .file())
   var disk: [String] = []
 
   #if arch(arm64)
@@ -162,10 +158,6 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
   #endif
   var rosettaTag: String?
 
-  // Note that the valueName here should really be "[name:]path[:options]" instead of just "path",
-  // see ArgumentParser issue[1] for more details.
-  //
-  // [1]: https://github.com/apple/swift-argument-parser/issues/761
   @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Additional directory shares with an optional read-only and mount tag options in the form of [name:]path[:options] (e.g. --dir=\"~/src/build\" or --dir=\"~/src/sources:ro\")", discussion: """
   Requires host to be macOS 13.0 (Ventura) or newer. macOS guests must be running macOS 13.0 (Ventura) or newer too.
 
@@ -178,7 +170,7 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
   Mount tag can be overridden by appending tag property to the directory share (e.g. --dir=\"~/src/build:tag=build\" or --dir=\"~/src/build:ro,tag=build\"). Then it can be mounted via "mount_virtiofs build ~/build" inside guest macOS and "mount -t virtiofs build ~/build" inside guest Linux.
 
   In case of passing multiple directories per mount tag it is required to prefix them with names e.g. --dir=\"build:~/src/build\" --dir=\"sources:~/src/sources:ro\". These names will be used as directory names under the mounting point inside guests. For the example above it will be "/Volumes/My Shared Files/build" and "/Volumes/My Shared Files/sources" respectively.
-  """, valueName: "path"), completion: .directory)
+  """, valueName: "[name:]path[:options]"), completion: .directory)
   var dir: [String] = []
 
   @Flag(help: ArgumentHelp("Enable nested virtualization if possible"))
@@ -309,7 +301,7 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
       }
     }
 
-    let localStorage = VMStorageLocal()
+    let localStorage = try VMStorageLocal()
     let vmDir = try localStorage.open(name)
     if try vmDir.state() == .Suspended {
       suspendable = true
@@ -342,9 +334,15 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
 
   @MainActor
   func run() async throws {
-    let localStorage = VMStorageLocal()
+    let localStorage = try VMStorageLocal()
     let vmDir = try localStorage.open(name)
 
+    // Validate disk format support
+    let vmConfig = try VMConfig(fromURL: vmDir.configURL)
+    if !vmConfig.diskFormat.isSupported {
+      throw ValidationError("Disk format '\(vmConfig.diskFormat.rawValue)' is not supported on this system.")
+    }
+
     let storageLock = try FileLock(lockURL: Config().tartHomeDir)
     try storageLock.lock()
     // check if there is a running VM with the same MAC address

Sources/tart/Config.swift

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ struct Config {
     var tartHomeDir: URL
 
     if let customTartHome = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["TART_HOME"] {
-      tartHomeDir = URL(fileURLWithPath: customTartHome)
+      tartHomeDir = URL(fileURLWithPath: customTartHome, isDirectory: true)
+      try Self.validateTartHome(url: tartHomeDir)
     } else {
       tartHomeDir = FileManager.default
         .homeDirectoryForCurrentUser
@@ -49,4 +50,24 @@ struct Config {
   static func jsonDecoder() -> JSONDecoder {
     JSONDecoder()
   }
+
+  private static func validateTartHome(url: URL) throws {
+    let urlComponents = url.pathComponents
+
+    let descendingURLs = urlComponents.indices.map { i in
+      URL(fileURLWithPath: urlComponents[0...i].joined(separator: "/"))
+    }
+
+    for descendingURL in descendingURLs {
+      if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: descendingURL.path) {
+        continue
+      }
+
+      do {
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(at: descendingURL, withIntermediateDirectories: false)
+      } catch {
+        throw RuntimeError.Generic("TART_HOME is invalid: \(descendingURL.path) does not exist, yet we can't create it: \(error.localizedDescription)")
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }

Sources/tart/Credentials/CredentialsProvider.swift

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ enum CredentialsProviderError: Error {
 }
 
 protocol CredentialsProvider {
+  var userFriendlyName: String { get }
   func retrieve(host: String) throws -> (String, String)?
   func store(host: String, user: String, password: String) throws
 }

Sources/tart/Credentials/DockerConfigCredentialsProvider.swift

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import Foundation
 
 class DockerConfigCredentialsProvider: CredentialsProvider {
+  let userFriendlyName = "Docker configuration credentials provider"
+
   func retrieve(host: String) throws -> (String, String)? {
     let dockerConfigURL = FileManager.default.homeDirectoryForCurrentUser.appendingPathComponent(".docker").appendingPathComponent("config.json")
     if !FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: dockerConfigURL.path) {

Sources/tart/Credentials/EnvironmentCredentialsProvider.swift

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import Foundation
 
 class EnvironmentCredentialsProvider: CredentialsProvider {
+  let userFriendlyName = "environment variable credentials provider"
+
   func retrieve(host: String) throws -> (String, String)? {
     if let tartRegistryHostname = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["TART_REGISTRY_HOSTNAME"],
        tartRegistryHostname != host {

Sources/tart/Credentials/KeychainCredentialsProvider.swift

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import Foundation
 
 class KeychainCredentialsProvider: CredentialsProvider {
+  let userFriendlyName = "Keychain credentials provider"
+
   func retrieve(host: String) throws -> (String, String)? {
     let query: [String: Any] = [kSecClass as String: kSecClassInternetPassword,
                                 kSecAttrProtocol as String: kSecAttrProtocolHTTPS,

Sources/tart/Credentials/StdinCredentials.swift

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ enum StdinCredentialsError: Error {
 }
 
 class StdinCredentials {
+  let userFriendlyName = "standard input credentials provider"
+
   static func retrieve() throws -> (String, String) {
     let user = try readStdinCredential(name: "username", prompt: "User: ", isSensitive: false)
     let password = try readStdinCredential(name: "password", prompt: "Password: ", isSensitive: true)

Sources/tart/DiskImageFormat.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import Foundation
+import ArgumentParser
+
+enum DiskImageFormat: String, CaseIterable, Codable {
+  case raw = "raw"
+  case asif = "asif"
+
+  var displayName: String {
+    switch self {
+    case .raw:
+      return "RAW"
+    case .asif:
+      return "ASIF (Apple Sparse Image Format)"
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /// Check if the format is supported on the current system
+  var isSupported: Bool {
+    switch self {
+    case .raw:
+      return true
+    case .asif:
+      if #available(macOS 26, *) {
+        return true
+      } else {
+        return false
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+}
+
+extension DiskImageFormat: ExpressibleByArgument {
+  init?(argument: String) {
+    self.init(rawValue: argument.lowercased())
+  }
+
+  static var allValueStrings: [String] {
+    return allCases.map { $0.rawValue }
+  }
+}

Sources/tart/Logging/ProgressObserver.swift

@@ -4,18 +4,28 @@ public class ProgressObserver: NSObject {
   @objc var progressToObserve: Progress
   var observation: NSKeyValueObservation?
   var lastTimeUpdated = Date.now
+  private var lastRenderedLine: String?
 
   public init(_ progress: Progress) {
     progressToObserve = progress
   }
 
   func log(_ renderer: Logger) {
-    renderer.appendNewLine(ProgressObserver.lineToRender(progressToObserve))
+    let initialLine = ProgressObserver.lineToRender(progressToObserve)
+    renderer.appendNewLine(initialLine)
+    lastRenderedLine = initialLine
     observation = observe(\.progressToObserve.fractionCompleted) { progress, _ in
       let currentTime = Date.now
       if self.progressToObserve.isFinished || currentTime.timeIntervalSince(self.lastTimeUpdated) >= 1.0 {
         self.lastTimeUpdated = currentTime
-        renderer.updateLastLine(ProgressObserver.lineToRender(self.progressToObserve))
+        let line = ProgressObserver.lineToRender(self.progressToObserve)
+        // Skip identical renders so non-interactive logs only see new percent values.
+        if line == self.lastRenderedLine {
+          return
+        }
+
+        self.lastRenderedLine = line
+        renderer.updateLastLine(line)
       }
     }
   }

Sources/tart/MACAddressResolver/AgentResolver.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import Foundation
+import Network
+import NIOPosix
+import GRPC
+import Cirruslabs_TartGuestAgent_Apple_Swift
+import Cirruslabs_TartGuestAgent_Grpc_Swift
+
+class AgentResolver {
+  static func ResolveIP(_ controlSocketURL: URL) async throws -> IPv4Address? {
+    do {
+      return try await resolveIP(controlSocketURL)
+    } catch let error as GRPCConnectionPoolError {
+      return nil
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static func resolveIP(_ controlSocketURL: URL) async throws -> IPv4Address? {
+    // Create a gRPC channel connected to the VM's control socket
+    let group = MultiThreadedEventLoopGroup(numberOfThreads: 1)
+    defer {
+      try! group.syncShutdownGracefully()
+    }
+
+    let channel = try GRPCChannelPool.with(
+      target: .unixDomainSocket(controlSocketURL.path()),
+      transportSecurity: .plaintext,
+      eventLoopGroup: group,
+    )
+    defer {
+      try! channel.close().wait()
+    }
+
+    // Invoke ResolveIP() gRPC method
+    let callOptions = CallOptions(timeLimit: .timeout(.seconds(1)))
+    let agentAsyncClient = AgentAsyncClient(channel: channel)
+    let resolveIPCall = agentAsyncClient.makeResolveIpCall(ResolveIPRequest(), callOptions: callOptions)
+
+    let response = try await resolveIPCall.response
+
+    return IPv4Address(response.ip)
+  }
+}

Sources/tart/OCI/Manifest.swift

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ let nvramMediaType = "application/vnd.cirruslabs.tart.nvram.v1"
 let uncompressedDiskSizeAnnotation = "org.cirruslabs.tart.uncompressed-disk-size"
 let uploadTimeAnnotation = "org.cirruslabs.tart.upload-time"
 
+// Manifest labels
+let diskFormatLabel = "org.cirruslabs.tart.disk.format"
+
 // Layer annotations
 let uncompressedSizeAnnotation = "org.cirruslabs.tart.uncompressed-size"
 let uncompressedContentDigestAnnotation = "org.cirruslabs.tart.uncompressed-content-digest"

Sources/tart/OCI/Registry.swift

@@ -429,8 +429,12 @@ class Registry {
     }
 
     for provider in credentialsProviders {
-      if let (user, password) = try provider.retrieve(host: host) {
-        return (user, password)
+      do {
+        if let (user, password) = try provider.retrieve(host: host) {
+          return (user, password)
+        }
+      } catch (let e) {
+        print("Failed to retrieve credentials using \(provider.userFriendlyName), authentication may fail: \(e)")
       }
     }
     return nil

Sources/tart/Root.swift

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ struct Root: AsyncParsableCommand {
         do {
           try Config().gc()
         } catch {
-          fputs("Failed to perform garbage collection!\n\(error)\n", stderr)
+          fputs("Failed to perform garbage collection: \(error)\n", stderr)
         }
       }
 

Sources/tart/ShellCompletions/ShellCompletions.swift

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ fileprivate func normalizeName(_ name: String) -> String {
   return name.replacingOccurrences(of: ":", with: "\\:")
 }
 
-func completeMachines(_ arguments: [String]) -> [String] {
+func completeMachines(_ arguments: [String], _ argumentIdx: Int, _ argumentPrefix: String) -> [String] {
   let localVMs = (try? VMStorageLocal().list().map { name, _ in
     normalizeName(name)
   }) ?? []
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ func completeMachines(_ arguments: [String]) -> [String] {
   return (localVMs + ociVMs)
 }
 
-func completeLocalMachines(_ arguments: [String]) -> [String] {
+func completeLocalMachines(_ arguments: [String], _ argumentIdx: Int, _ argumentPrefix: String) -> [String] {
   let localVMs = (try? VMStorageLocal().list()) ?? []
   return localVMs.map { name, _ in normalizeName(name) }
 }
 
-func completeRunningMachines(_ arguments: [String]) -> [String] {
+func completeRunningMachines(_ arguments: [String], _ argumentIdx: Int, _ argumentPrefix: String) -> [String] {
   let localVMs = (try? VMStorageLocal().list()) ?? []
   return localVMs
     .filter { _, vmDir in (try? vmDir.state() == .Running) ?? false}

Sources/tart/VM.swift

@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
       vmDir: VMDirectory,
       ipswURL: URL,
       diskSizeGB: UInt16,
+      diskFormat: DiskImageFormat = .raw,
       network: Network = NetworkShared(),
       additionalStorageDevices: [VZStorageDeviceConfiguration] = [],
       directorySharingDevices: [VZDirectorySharingDeviceConfiguration] = [],
@@ -175,14 +176,15 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
       _ = try VZMacAuxiliaryStorage(creatingStorageAt: vmDir.nvramURL, hardwareModel: requirements.hardwareModel)
 
       // Create disk
-      try vmDir.resizeDisk(diskSizeGB)
+      try vmDir.resizeDisk(diskSizeGB, format: diskFormat)
 
       name = vmDir.name
       // Create config
       config = VMConfig(
         platform: Darwin(ecid: VZMacMachineIdentifier(), hardwareModel: requirements.hardwareModel),
         cpuCountMin: requirements.minimumSupportedCPUCount,
-        memorySizeMin: requirements.minimumSupportedMemorySize
+        memorySizeMin: requirements.minimumSupportedMemorySize,
+        diskFormat: diskFormat
       )
       // allocate at least 4 CPUs because otherwise VMs are frequently freezing
       try config.setCPU(cpuCount: max(4, requirements.minimumSupportedCPUCount))
@@ -224,15 +226,15 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
   #endif
 
   @available(macOS 13, *)
-  static func linux(vmDir: VMDirectory, diskSizeGB: UInt16) async throws -> VM {
+  static func linux(vmDir: VMDirectory, diskSizeGB: UInt16, diskFormat: DiskImageFormat = .raw) async throws -> VM {
     // Create NVRAM
     _ = try VZEFIVariableStore(creatingVariableStoreAt: vmDir.nvramURL)
 
     // Create disk
-    try vmDir.resizeDisk(diskSizeGB)
+    try vmDir.resizeDisk(diskSizeGB, format: diskFormat)
 
     // Create config
-    let config = VMConfig(platform: Linux(), cpuCountMin: 4, memorySizeMin: 4096 * 1024 * 1024)
+    let config = VMConfig(platform: Linux(), cpuCountMin: 4, memorySizeMin: 4096 * 1024 * 1024, diskFormat: diskFormat)
     try config.save(toURL: vmDir.configURL)
 
     return try VM(vmDir: vmDir)

Sources/tart/VMConfig.swift

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
   case macAddress
   case display
   case displayRefit
+  case diskFormat
 
   // macOS-specific keys
   case ecid
@@ -54,12 +55,14 @@ struct VMConfig: Codable {
   var macAddress: VZMACAddress
   var display: VMDisplayConfig = VMDisplayConfig()
   var displayRefit: Bool?
+  var diskFormat: DiskImageFormat = .raw
 
   init(
     platform: Platform,
     cpuCountMin: Int,
     memorySizeMin: UInt64,
-    macAddress: VZMACAddress = VZMACAddress.randomLocallyAdministered()
+    macAddress: VZMACAddress = VZMACAddress.randomLocallyAdministered(),
+    diskFormat: DiskImageFormat = .raw
   ) {
     self.os = platform.os()
     self.arch = CurrentArchitecture()
@@ -67,6 +70,7 @@ struct VMConfig: Codable {
     self.macAddress = macAddress
     self.cpuCountMin = cpuCountMin
     self.memorySizeMin = memorySizeMin
+    self.diskFormat = diskFormat
     cpuCount = cpuCountMin
     memorySize = memorySizeMin
   }
@@ -124,6 +128,8 @@ struct VMConfig: Codable {
 
     display = try container.decodeIfPresent(VMDisplayConfig.self, forKey: .display) ?? VMDisplayConfig()
     displayRefit = try container.decodeIfPresent(Bool.self, forKey: .displayRefit)
+    let diskFormatString = try container.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .diskFormat) ?? "raw"
+    diskFormat = DiskImageFormat(rawValue: diskFormatString) ?? .raw
   }
 
   func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
@@ -142,6 +148,7 @@ struct VMConfig: Codable {
     if let displayRefit = displayRefit {
       try container.encode(displayRefit, forKey: .displayRefit)
     }
+    try container.encode(diskFormat.rawValue, forKey: .diskFormat)
   }
 
   mutating func setCPU(cpuCount: Int) throws {

Sources/tart/VMDirectory+OCI.swift

@@ -92,6 +92,10 @@ extension VMDirectory {
 
     // Read VM's config and push it as blob
     let config = try VMConfig(fromURL: configURL)
+
+    // Add disk format label automatically
+    var labels = labels
+    labels[diskFormatLabel] = config.diskFormat.rawValue
     let configJSON = try JSONEncoder().encode(config)
     defaultLogger.appendNewLine("pushing config...")
     let configDigest = try await registry.pushBlob(fromData: configJSON, chunkSizeMb: chunkSizeMb)

Sources/tart/VMDirectory.swift

@@ -2,6 +2,25 @@ import Foundation
 import Virtualization
 import CryptoKit
 
+// MARK: - Disk Image Info Structures
+struct DiskImageInfo: Codable {
+  let sizeInfo: SizeInfo?
+  let size: UInt64?
+
+  enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
+    case sizeInfo = "Size Info"
+    case size = "Size"
+  }
+}
+
+struct SizeInfo: Codable {
+  let totalBytes: UInt64?
+
+  enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
+    case totalBytes = "Total Bytes"
+  }
+}
+
 struct VMDirectory: Prunable {
   enum State: String {
     case Running = "running"
@@ -142,14 +161,34 @@ struct VMDirectory: Prunable {
     try vmConfig.save(toURL: configURL)
   }
 
-  func resizeDisk(_ sizeGB: UInt16) throws {
-    if !FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: diskURL.path) {
-      FileManager.default.createFile(atPath: diskURL.path, contents: nil, attributes: nil)
-    }
+  func resizeDisk(_ sizeGB: UInt16, format: DiskImageFormat = .raw) throws {
+    let diskExists = FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: diskURL.path)
 
+    if diskExists {
+      // Existing disk - resize it
+      try resizeExistingDisk(sizeGB)
+    } else {
+      // New disk - create it with the specified format
+      try createDisk(sizeGB: sizeGB, format: format)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func resizeExistingDisk(_ sizeGB: UInt16) throws {
+    // Check if this is an ASIF disk by reading the VM config
+    let vmConfig = try VMConfig(fromURL: configURL)
+
+    if vmConfig.diskFormat == .asif {
+      try resizeASIFDisk(sizeGB)
+    } else {
+      try resizeRawDisk(sizeGB)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func resizeRawDisk(_ sizeGB: UInt16) throws {
     let diskFileHandle = try FileHandle.init(forWritingTo: diskURL)
     let currentDiskFileLength = try diskFileHandle.seekToEnd()
     let desiredDiskFileLength = UInt64(sizeGB) * 1000 * 1000 * 1000
+
     if desiredDiskFileLength < currentDiskFileLength {
       let currentLengthHuman = ByteCountFormatter().string(fromByteCount: Int64(currentDiskFileLength))
       let desiredLengthHuman = ByteCountFormatter().string(fromByteCount: Int64(desiredDiskFileLength))
@@ -161,6 +200,157 @@ struct VMDirectory: Prunable {
     try diskFileHandle.close()
   }
 
+  private func resizeASIFDisk(_ sizeGB: UInt16) throws {
+    guard let diskutilURL = resolveBinaryPath("diskutil") else {
+      throw RuntimeError.FailedToResizeDisk("diskutil not found in PATH")
+    }
+
+    // First, get current disk image info to check current size
+    let infoProcess = Process()
+    infoProcess.executableURL = diskutilURL
+    infoProcess.arguments = ["image", "info", "--plist", diskURL.path]
+
+    let infoPipe = Pipe()
+    infoProcess.standardOutput = infoPipe
+    infoProcess.standardError = infoPipe
+
+    do {
+      try infoProcess.run()
+      infoProcess.waitUntilExit()
+
+      let infoData = infoPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
+
+      if infoProcess.terminationStatus != 0 {
+        let output = String(data: infoData, encoding: .utf8) ?? "Unknown error"
+        throw RuntimeError.FailedToResizeDisk("Failed to get ASIF disk info: \(output)")
+      }
+
+      // Parse the plist using PropertyListDecoder
+      do {
+        let diskImageInfo = try PropertyListDecoder().decode(DiskImageInfo.self, from: infoData)
+
+        // Extract current size from the decoded structure
+        var currentSizeBytes: UInt64?
+
+        // Try to get size from Size Info -> Total Bytes first
+        if let totalBytes = diskImageInfo.sizeInfo?.totalBytes {
+          currentSizeBytes = totalBytes
+        } else if let size = diskImageInfo.size {
+          // Fallback to top-level Size field
+          currentSizeBytes = size
+        }
+
+        guard let currentSizeBytes = currentSizeBytes else {
+          throw RuntimeError.FailedToResizeDisk("Could not find size information in disk image info")
+        }
+
+        let desiredSizeBytes = UInt64(sizeGB) * 1000 * 1000 * 1000
+
+        if desiredSizeBytes < currentSizeBytes {
+          let currentLengthHuman = ByteCountFormatter().string(fromByteCount: Int64(currentSizeBytes))
+          let desiredLengthHuman = ByteCountFormatter().string(fromByteCount: Int64(desiredSizeBytes))
+          throw RuntimeError.InvalidDiskSize("new disk size of \(desiredLengthHuman) should be larger " +
+            "than the current disk size of \(currentLengthHuman)")
+        } else if desiredSizeBytes > currentSizeBytes {
+          // Resize the ASIF disk image using diskutil
+          try performASIFResize(sizeGB)
+        }
+        // If sizes are equal, no action needed
+      } catch let error as RuntimeError {
+        throw error
+      } catch {
+        let outputString = String(data: infoData, encoding: .utf8) ?? "Unable to decode output"
+        throw RuntimeError.FailedToResizeDisk("Failed to parse disk image info: \(error). Output: \(outputString)")
+      }
+    } catch {
+      throw RuntimeError.FailedToResizeDisk("Failed to get disk image info: \(error)")
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func performASIFResize(_ sizeGB: UInt16) throws {
+    guard let diskutilURL = resolveBinaryPath("diskutil") else {
+      throw RuntimeError.FailedToResizeDisk("diskutil not found in PATH")
+    }
+
+    let process = Process()
+    process.executableURL = diskutilURL
+    process.arguments = [
+      "image", "resize",
+      "--size", "\(sizeGB)G",
+      diskURL.path
+    ]
+
+    let pipe = Pipe()
+    process.standardOutput = pipe
+    process.standardError = pipe
+
+    do {
+      try process.run()
+      process.waitUntilExit()
+
+      let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
+
+      if process.terminationStatus != 0 {
+        let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) ?? "Unknown error"
+        throw RuntimeError.FailedToResizeDisk("Failed to resize ASIF disk image: \(output)")
+      }
+    } catch {
+      throw RuntimeError.FailedToResizeDisk("Failed to execute diskutil resize: \(error)")
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func createDisk(sizeGB: UInt16, format: DiskImageFormat) throws {
+    switch format {
+    case .raw:
+      try createRawDisk(sizeGB: sizeGB)
+    case .asif:
+      try createASIFDisk(sizeGB: sizeGB)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func createRawDisk(sizeGB: UInt16) throws {
+    // Create traditional raw disk image
+    FileManager.default.createFile(atPath: diskURL.path, contents: nil, attributes: nil)
+
+    let diskFileHandle = try FileHandle.init(forWritingTo: diskURL)
+    let desiredDiskFileLength = UInt64(sizeGB) * 1000 * 1000 * 1000
+    try diskFileHandle.truncate(atOffset: desiredDiskFileLength)
+    try diskFileHandle.close()
+  }
+
+  private func createASIFDisk(sizeGB: UInt16) throws {
+    guard let diskutilURL = resolveBinaryPath("diskutil") else {
+      throw RuntimeError.FailedToCreateDisk("diskutil not found in PATH")
+    }
+
+    let process = Process()
+    process.executableURL = diskutilURL
+    process.arguments = [
+      "image", "create", "blank",
+      "--format", "ASIF",
+      "--size", "\(sizeGB)G",
+      "--volumeName", "Tart",
+      diskURL.path
+    ]
+
+    let pipe = Pipe()
+    process.standardOutput = pipe
+    process.standardError = pipe
+
+    do {
+      try process.run()
+      process.waitUntilExit()
+
+      if process.terminationStatus != 0 {
+        let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
+        let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) ?? "Unknown error"
+        throw RuntimeError.FailedToCreateDisk("Failed to create ASIF disk image: \(output)")
+      }
+    } catch {
+      throw RuntimeError.FailedToCreateDisk("Failed to execute diskutil: \(error)")
+    }
+  }
+
   func delete() throws {
     let lock = try lock()
 

Sources/tart/VMStorageHelper.swift

@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ enum RuntimeError : Error {
   case DiskAlreadyInUse(_ message: String)
   case FailedToOpenBlockDevice(_ path: String, _ explanation: String)
   case InvalidDiskSize(_ message: String)
+  case FailedToCreateDisk(_ message: String)
+  case FailedToResizeDisk(_ message: String)
   case FailedToUpdateAccessDate(_ message: String)
   case PIDLockFailed(_ message: String)
   case PIDLockMissing(_ message: String)
@@ -109,6 +111,10 @@ extension RuntimeError : CustomStringConvertible {
       return "failed to open block device \(path): \(explanation)"
     case .InvalidDiskSize(let message):
       return message
+    case .FailedToCreateDisk(let message):
+      return message
+    case .FailedToResizeDisk(let message):
+      return message
     case .FailedToUpdateAccessDate(let message):
       return message
     case .PIDLockFailed(let message):

Sources/tart/VMStorageLocal.swift

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 import Foundation
 
 class VMStorageLocal: PrunableStorage {
-  let baseURL: URL = try! Config().tartHomeDir.appendingPathComponent("vms", isDirectory: true)
+  let baseURL: URL
+
+  init() throws {
+    baseURL = try Config().tartHomeDir.appendingPathComponent("vms", isDirectory: true)
+  }
 
   private func vmURL(_ name: String) -> URL {
     baseURL.appendingPathComponent(name, isDirectory: true)

Sources/tart/VMStorageOCI.swift

@@ -3,7 +3,11 @@ import Sentry
 import Retry
 
 class VMStorageOCI: PrunableStorage {
-  let baseURL = try! Config().tartCacheDir.appendingPathComponent("OCIs", isDirectory: true)
+  let baseURL: URL
+
+  init() throws {
+    baseURL = try Config().tartCacheDir.appendingPathComponent("OCIs", isDirectory: true)
+  }
 
   private func vmURL(_ name: RemoteName) -> URL {
     baseURL.appendingRemoteName(name)
@@ -27,12 +31,12 @@ class VMStorageOCI: PrunableStorage {
     return digest
   }
 
-  func open(_ name: RemoteName) throws -> VMDirectory {
+  func open(_ name: RemoteName, _ accessDate: Date = Date()) throws -> VMDirectory {
     let vmDir = VMDirectory(baseURL: vmURL(name))
 
     try vmDir.validate(userFriendlyName: name.description)
 
-    try vmDir.baseURL.updateAccessDate()
+    try vmDir.baseURL.updateAccessDate(accessDate)
 
     return vmDir
   }
@@ -180,6 +184,10 @@ class VMStorageOCI: PrunableStorage {
       let transaction = SentrySDK.startTransaction(name: name.description, operation: "pull", bindToScope: true)
       let tmpVMDir = try VMDirectory.temporaryDeterministic(key: name.description)
 
+      // Open an existing VM directory corresponding to this name, if any,
+      // marking it as outdated to speed up the garbage collection process
+      _ = try? open(name, Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 0))
+
       // Lock the temporary VM directory to prevent it's garbage collection
       let tmpVMDirLock = try FileLock(lockURL: tmpVMDir.baseURL)
       try tmpVMDirLock.lock()

Tests/TartTests/DiskImageFormatTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import XCTest
+@testable import tart
+
+final class DiskImageFormatTests: XCTestCase {
+  func testASIFFormatSupport() throws {
+    // ASIF should be supported on macOS 26+
+    if #available(macOS 26, *) {
+      XCTAssertTrue(DiskImageFormat.asif.isSupported)
+    } else {
+      XCTAssertFalse(DiskImageFormat.asif.isSupported)
+    }
+  }
+
+  func testFormatFromString() throws {
+    XCTAssertEqual(DiskImageFormat(rawValue: "raw"), .raw)
+    XCTAssertEqual(DiskImageFormat(rawValue: "asif"), .asif)
+    XCTAssertNil(DiskImageFormat(rawValue: "invalid"))
+  }
+
+  func testCaseInsensitivity() throws {
+    XCTAssertEqual(DiskImageFormat(argument: "ASIF"), .asif) // case insensitive
+    XCTAssertEqual(DiskImageFormat(argument: "Raw"), .raw)  // case insensitive
+  }
+
+  func testAllValueStrings() throws {
+    let allValues = DiskImageFormat.allValueStrings
+    XCTAssertTrue(allValues.contains("raw"))
+    XCTAssertTrue(allValues.contains("asif"))
+    XCTAssertEqual(allValues.count, 2)
+  }
+
+  func testVMConfigDiskFormatSerialization() throws {
+    // Test that VMConfig properly serializes and deserializes disk format
+    let config = VMConfig(
+      platform: Linux(),
+      cpuCountMin: 2,
+      memorySizeMin: 1024 * 1024 * 1024,
+      diskFormat: .asif
+    )
+
+    XCTAssertEqual(config.diskFormat, .asif)
+
+    // Test JSON encoding/decoding
+    let encoder = JSONEncoder()
+    let data = try encoder.encode(config)
+
+    let decoder = JSONDecoder()
+    let decodedConfig = try decoder.decode(VMConfig.self, from: data)
+
+    XCTAssertEqual(decodedConfig.diskFormat, .asif)
+  }
+
+  func testVMConfigDefaultDiskFormat() throws {
+    // Test that VMConfig defaults to raw format
+    let config = VMConfig(
+      platform: Linux(),
+      cpuCountMin: 2,
+      memorySizeMin: 1024 * 1024 * 1024
+    )
+
+    XCTAssertEqual(config.diskFormat, .raw)
+  }
+}

docs/.markdownlint.yml

@@ -9,4 +9,6 @@
 "MD033": false # Inline HTML
 "MD041": false # First line in file should be a top level heading
 "MD045": false # OK not to have a description for an image
-"MD046": false #  Code block style [Expected: fenced; Actual: indented]
+"MD046": false #  Code block style [Expected: fenced; Actual: indented]
+"MD059": false # It's OK to have "here" links
+"MD051": false # MkDocs generates "#-no-pki" anchors, but markdownlint expects "#--no-pki" anchors

docs/blog/posts/2023-02-11-changing-tart-license.md

@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ device without a physical display connected. For example, a Mac Mini with a HDMI
 but a Mac Mini on a desk with a connected physical display is considered a personal computer. **Usage on personal computers
 and before reaching the 100 CPU cores limit is royalty-free and does not have the viral properties of AGPL.**
 
-When an organization surpasses the 100 CPU cores limit, they will be required to obtain a [Gold Tier License](/licensing#license-tiers),
-which costs \$1000 per month. Upon reaching a limit of 500 CPU cores, a [Platinum Tier License](/licensing#license-tiers)
-(\$3000 per month) will be required, and for organizations that exceed 3000 CPU cores, a custom [Diamond Tier License](/licensing#license-tiers)
+When an organization surpasses the 100 CPU cores limit, they will be required to obtain a [Gold Tier License](../../licensing.md#license-tiers),
+which costs \$1000 per month. Upon reaching a limit of 500 CPU cores, a [Platinum Tier License](../../licensing.md#license-tiers)
+(\$3000 per month) will be required, and for organizations that exceed 3000 CPU cores, a custom [Diamond Tier License](../../licensing.md#license-tiers)
 (\$1 per core per month) will be necessary. **All paid license tiers will include priority feature development and SLAs on support with urgent issues.**
 
 ## Have we considered alternatives?

docs/blog/posts/2023-04-25-orchard-ga.md

@@ -89,6 +89,6 @@ orchard dev
 This will launch a development cluster with a single worker on your machine. Refer to [Orchard documentation](https://github.com/cirruslabs/orchard#creating-virtual-machines)
 on how to create your first virtual machine and access it.
 
-In a [separate blog post](/blog/2023/04/28/ssh-over-grpc-or-how-orchard-simplifies-accessing-vms-in-private-networks/)
+In a [separate blog post](2023-04-28-orchard-ssh-over-grpc.md)
 we’ll cover how Orchard implements seamless SSH access over a gRPC connection. Stay tuned and please don’t hesitate to
 [reach out](https://github.com/cirruslabs/orchard/discussions/landing)! 

docs/blog/posts/2023-04-28-orchard-ssh-over-grpc.md

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ We’ve also initially considered using [Yamux](https://github.com/hashicorp/yam
 
 First of all, we’ve made the new port-forwarding functionality available for integrations via the Orchard’s REST API:
 
-![OpenAPI documentation for Orchard's port-forwarding endpoint](/assets/images/orchard-port-forwarding-api.png)
+![OpenAPI documentation for Orchard's port-forwarding endpoint](../../assets/images/orchard-port-forwarding-api.png)
 
 All you need is to use a WebSocket client when accessing this endpoint to make it work.
 

docs/blog/posts/2023-09-20-tart-2.0.0.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ allocate time to continue improving Tart which brings us to the section below.
 In the last 7 months we've had 12 feature releases that brought a lot of features requested by the community. Here are just
 a few of them to highlight:
 
--[Custom GitLab Runner Executor](/integrations/gitlab-runner/).
+-[Custom GitLab Runner Executor](../../integrations/gitlab-runner.md).
 -[Cluster Management via Orchard](2023-04-25-orchard-ga.md).
 -Numerous compatibility improvements for all kinds of OCI-registries.
 -Sonoma Support (see details [below](#macos-sonoma-updates)).

docs/blog/posts/2023-10-06-tart-on-aws.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ with preconfigured Tart installation that is optimized to work within AWS infras
 EC2 Mac Instances is a gem of engineering powered by AWS Nitro devices. Just imagine there is a physical Mac Mini with
 a plugged in Nitro device that can push the physical power button!
 
-![EC2 M2 Pro](/blog/images/ec2-mac2-m2pro.png)
+![EC2 M2 Pro](../images/ec2-mac2-m2pro.png)
 
 This clever synergy between Apple Hardware and Nitro System allows seamless integration with VPC networking and booting macOS from an EBS volume.
 

docs/blog/posts/2023-11-03-cirrus-runners-dashboard.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ than recently announced Apple Silicon GitHub-manged runners that cost $0.16 per
 Now lets take a look at the new Cirrus Runners dashboard of a real customers that run their workflows on Cirrus Runners
 and **practically pushing the price performance pretty close to the theoretical minimum**.
 
-![Cirrus Runners Dashboard](/blog/images/runners-price-performance-2.png)
+![Cirrus Runners Dashboard](../images/runners-price-performance-2.png)
 
 As you can see above Cirrus Runners Dashboard focuses on 4 core metrics:
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ we can see that the downside of such great price performance is that jobs are wa
 Here is another example of Cirrus Runners Dashboard for a different customer that has a slightly higher price performance of $0.017 per minute
 but at the same time doesn't experience queue time at all. **Note that $0.017 is still 10 times cheaper than GitHub-managed Apple Silicon runners**.
 
-![Cirrus Runners Dashboard](/blog/images/runners-price-performance-3.png)
+![Cirrus Runners Dashboard](../images/runners-price-performance-3.png)
 
 ## Conclusion
 

docs/blog/posts/2025-06-01-tart-guest-agent.md

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+---
+draft: false
+date: 2025-06-01
+search:
+  exclude: true
+authors:
+  - edigaryev
+categories:
+  - announcement
+---
+
+# Bridging the gaps with the Tart Guest Agent
+
+We're introducing a new improvement for the Tart usability experience: a [Tart Guest Agent](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart-guest-agent).
+
+This agent provides automatic disk resizing, seamless clipboard sharing for macOS guests (a [long-awaited](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/issues/14) feature), and the ability to run commands, without SSH and networking, using the new `tart exec` command.
+
+As of recently, we include this agent in all non-vanilla Cirrus Labs images, so you likely won't need to do anything to benefit from these usability improvements.
+
+Read on to learn why we chose to implement the agent from scratch in Golang, and which features we plan to add next.
+
+<!-- more -->
+
+## Existing solutions
+
+Tart uses the Virtualization.Framework, and the latter implemented a SPICE client some time ago, however, one piece was missing: the agent that runs inside the guest.
+
+The original [SPICE `vdagent` implementation](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/spice/linux/vd_agent) only supports Linux. While [a fork](https://github.com/utmapp/vd_agent) from the UTM project adds macOS support, the long-term viability of maintaining this fork without upstreaming changes is uncertain.
+
+Moreover, if we were to add some extra functionality (as we did), there would be more than one agent binary to ship and install, which complicates maintenance and makes it harder to explain to users why we need a bunch of agent binaries.
+
+In the end, we decided to go with our own solution, one that would easily accomodate future ideas.
+
+## Rolling our own agent
+
+After carefully inspecting the [`vdagent` protocol](https://www.spice-space.org/agent-protocol.html) we've realized that the clipboard sharing is actually a small subset of the whole protocol, making it relatively simple to implement.
+
+Thanks to Golang, we were able to implement the protocol much faster than we could have with a lower-level language like C (with all due respect), which requires manual memory management and complex event loops.
+
+As for the command execution via `tart exec`, we've decided to go with gRPC with a rather simple protocol:
+
+![An visualization of gRPC protocol used by the Tart Guest Agent](../images/tart-guest-agent-grpc-protocol.png)
+
+For each `tart exec` invocation a new gRPC `Exec` bidirectional stream is established with the agent running inside a VM. After the gRPC stream is established, `tart exec` sends a command to execute to the guest and streams the I/O. Once the command terminates, `tart exec` collects the process exit code and quits with exactly that exit code.
+
+Using gRPC simplifies `tart exec` implementation because of code generation and forms a nice bridge between the host and the guest which allows us to easily expand the protocol later down the road when we decide to introduce new features.
+
+Thanks to [gRPC Swift](https://github.com/grpc/grpc-swift), which is built on top of [SwiftNIO](https://github.com/apple/swift-nio), we get [`async/await`](https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/documentation/the-swift-programming-language/concurrency/) support for free, further simplifying the `tart exec` logic.
+
+As for the Tart Guest Agent, the final result is a Golang binary that [can be customized](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart-guest-agent?tab=readme-ov-file#guest-agent-for-tart-vms) depending on the execution context:
+
+* launchd global daemon — runs as a privileged user (`root`), has no clipboard access
+    * `--resize-disk` — resizes the disk when there's a free space at the end of a disk (assuming that one previously ran `tart set --disk-size`)
+* launchd global agent — runs as a normal user (`admin`), has clipboard access
+    * `--run-vdagent` — clipboard sharing
+    * `--run-rpc` — `tart exec` and new functionality in the future
+
+We’ve also introduced `--run-daemon` (which implies `--resize-disk`) and `--run-agent` (which implies both `--run-vdagent` and `--run-rpc`) to help run the most appropriate functionality based on the given context.
+
+## Future plans
+
+First, we'd like to thank our paid clients, without whom this feature wouldn't have been possible.
+
+[Become one now](../../licensing.md) and enjoy higher allowances for Tart VMs and Orchard workers—while helping ensure that our roadmap aligns with your company's needs.
+
+In the near future we plan to implement:
+
+* Linux support — to provide seamless experience for Linux guests too
+* a new `tart ip` resolver — to provide a more robust IP retrieval facility for Linux guests, which often struggle to populate the host's ARP table with their network activity
+* `tart cp` command — to copy files from/to guest VMs
+
+Stay tuned, and feel free to send us feedback on [GitHub](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart) and [Twitter](https://x.com/cirrus_labs)!

docs/faq.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Then from within a virtual machine you can access the service using the router's
 or by running the following command in the Terminal:
 
 ```shell
-netstat -nr | grep default | head -n 1 | awk '{print $2}'
+netstat -nr | awk '/default/{print $2; exit}'
 ```
 
 Note: that accessing host is only possible with the default NAT network. If you are running your virtual machines with
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ This command also supports the `-p` command-line argument that allows you to sup
 
 If that doesn't work for you for some reason, you can pass the credentials via the environment variables, see [Registry Authorization](integrations/vm-management.md#registry-authorization) for more details on how to do that.
 
-## How Tart is different from Anka?
+## How is Tart different from Anka?
 
 Under the hood Tart is using the same technology as Anka 3.0 so there should be no real difference in performance
 or features supported. If there is some feature missing please don't hesitate to [create a feature request](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/issues).
@@ -166,6 +166,8 @@ Tart does have an analogue of Anka Controller for managing VMs across a cluster
 
 In case there's not enough space to fit the newly pulled or cloned VM image, Tart will remove the least recently accessed VMs from OCI cache and `.ipsw` files from IPSW cache until enough free space is available.
 
+The `tart clone` command limits this automatic pruning to 100 GB by default to avoid removing too many cached items. You can change this limit with the `--prune-limit` option (in gigabytes).
+
 To disable this functionality, set the `TART_NO_AUTO_PRUNE` environment variable either globally:
 
 ```shell

docs/integrations/buildkite.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ description: Run pipeline steps in isolated ephemeral Tart Virtual Machines.
 
 It is possible to run [Buildkite](https://buildkite.com/) pipeline steps in isolated ephemeral Tart Virtual Machines with the help of [Tart Buildkite Plugin](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart-buildkite-plugin):
 
-![](/assets/images/BuildkiteTartPlugin.png)
+![](../assets/images/BuildkiteTartPlugin.png)
 
 ## Configuration
 

docs/integrations/cirrus-cli.md

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ brew install cirruslabs/cli/cirrus
 cirrus run
 ```
 
-![](/assets/images/TartCirrusCLI.gif)
+![](../assets/images/TartCirrusCLI.gif)
 
 [Cirrus CI](https://cirrus-ci.org/) already leverages Tart to power its macOS cloud infrastructure. The `.cirrus.yml`
 config from above will just work in Cirrus CI and your tasks will be executed inside Tart VMs in our cloud.

docs/orchard/architecture-and-security.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Orchard cluster consists of three components:
 
 * Controller — responsible for managing the cluster and scheduling of resources 
 * Worker — responsible for executing the VMs
-* Client — responsible for creating, modifying and removing the resources on the Controller, can either be an [Orchard CLI](/orchard/using-orchard-cli) or [an API consumer](/orchard/integration-guide)
+* Client — responsible for creating, modifying and removing the resources on the Controller, can either be an [Orchard CLI](using-orchard-cli.md) or [an API consumer](integration-guide.md)
 
 At the moment, only one Controller instance is currently supported, while you can deploy one or more Workers and run any number of Clients.
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ In terms of networking requirements, only Controller needs to be directly access
 
 When an Orchard Client or a Worker connects to the Controller, they need to establish trust and verify that they're talking to the right Controller, so that no [man-in-the-middle attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack) is possible.
 
-Similarly to web-browsers (that rely on the [public key infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_infrastructure)) and SSH (which relies on semi-automated fingerprint verification), Orchard combines these two traits in a hybrid approach by defaulting to automatic PKI verification (can be disabled by [`--no-pki`](#--no-pki-override)) and falling-back to a manual verification for self-signed certificates.
+Similarly to web-browsers (that rely on the [public key infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_infrastructure)) and SSH (which relies on semi-automated fingerprint verification), Orchard combines these two traits in a hybrid approach by defaulting to automatic PKI verification (can be disabled by [`--no-pki`](#-no-pki-override)) and falling-back to a manual verification for self-signed certificates.
 
 This hybrid approach is needed because the Controller can be configured in two ways:
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Below we'll explain how Orchard client and Worker secure the connection when acc
 
 Client is associated with the Controller using a `orchard context create` command, which works as follows:
 
-* Client attempts to connect to the Controller and validate its certificate using host's root CA set (can be disabled with [`--no-pki`](#--no-pki-override))
+* Client attempts to connect to the Controller and validate its certificate using host's root CA set (can be disabled with [`--no-pki`](#-no-pki-override))
 * if the Client encounters a  *Controller with a publicly valid certificate*, that would be the last step and the association would succeed
 * if the Client is dealing with *Controller with a self-signed certificate*, the Client will do another connection attempt to probe the Controller's certificate
 * the probed Controller's certificate fingerprint is then presented to the user, and if the user agrees to trust it, the Client then considers that certificate to be trusted for a given context
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ The way Worker connects to the Controller using the `orchard worker run` command
 * when the Bootstrap Token contains the Controller's certificate:
     * the Orchard Worker will try to connect to the Controller with a trusted CA set containing only that certificate
 * when the Bootstrap Token has no Controller's certificate:
-    * the Orchard Worker will try the PKI approach (can be disabled with [`--no-pki`](#--no-pki-override) to effectively prevent the Worker from connecting) and fail if certificate verification using PKI is not possible
+    * the Orchard Worker will try the PKI approach (can be disabled with [`--no-pki`](#-no-pki-override) to effectively prevent the Worker from connecting) and fail if certificate verification using PKI is not possible
 
 ### `--no-pki` override
 

docs/orchard/deploying-controller.md

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Here's other command-line arguments associated with this functionality:
 * `--insecure-ssh-no-client-auth` — allow SSH clients to connect to the controller's SSH server without authentication, thus only authenticating on the target worker/VM's SSH server
     * useful when you already have strong credentials on your VMs, and you want to share these VMs to others without additionally giving out Orchard Cluster credentials
 
-Check out our [Jumping through the hoops: SSH jump host functionality in Orchard](/blog/2024/06/20/jumping-through-the-hoops-ssh-jump-host-functionality-in-orchard/) blog post for more information.
+Check out our [Jumping through the hoops: SSH jump host functionality in Orchard](../blog/posts/2024-06-20-jumping-through-the-hoops.md) blog post for more information.
 
 ## Deployment Methods
 

docs/orchard/integration-guide.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Orchard has a REST API that follows [OpenAPI specification](https://swagger.io/s
 
 You can run `orchard dev` locally and navigate to `http://127.0.0.1:6120/v1/` for interactive documentation.
 
-![](/assets/images/orchard/orchard-api-documentation-browser.png)
+![](../assets/images/orchard/orchard-api-documentation-browser.png)
 
 ## Using the API
 

docs/orchard/quick-start.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ a couple of VMs is not enough anymore for your needs? This is where [Orchard](ht
 comes in to play!
 
 It allows you to orchestrate multiple Tart-capable hosts from either an Orchard CLI (which we demonstrate below)
-or [through the API](/orchard/integration-guide).
+or [through the API](integration-guide.md).
 
 The easiest way to start is to run Orchard in local development mode:
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ test both the CLI functionality and the API from a tool like cURL or programming
 authenticate requests.
 
 Note that in production deployments, these two components are started separately and enable security by default. Please
-refer to [Deploying Controller](/orchard/deploying-controller) and [Deploying Workers](/orchard/deploying-workers) for
+refer to [Deploying Controller](deploying-controller.md) and [Deploying Workers](deploying-workers.md) for
 more information.
 
 ## Creating Virtual Machines
@@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ orchard delete vm sequoia-base
 In addition to controlling the Orchard via the CLI arguments, there are environment variables that may be beneficial
 both when automating Orchard and in daily use:
 
-| Variable name                   | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
-|---------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| `ORCHARD_HOME`                  | Override Orchard's home directory. Useful when running multiple Orchard instances on the same host and when testing.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
-| `ORCHARD_LICENSE_TIER`          | The default license limit only allows connecting 4 Orchard Workers to the Orchard Controller. If you've purchased a [Gold Tier License](/licensing/), set this variable to `gold` to increase the limit to 20 Orchard Workers. And if you've purchased a [Platinum Tier License](/licensing/), set this variable to `platinum` to increase the limit to 200 Orchard Workers. |
-| `ORCHARD_URL`                   | Override controller URL on per-command basis.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
-| `ORCHARD_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_NAME`  | Override service account name (used for controller API auth) on per-command basis.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
-| `ORCHARD_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_TOKEN` | Override service account token (used for controller API auth) on per-command basis.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| Variable name                   | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+|---------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `ORCHARD_HOME`                  | Override Orchard's home directory. Useful when running multiple Orchard instances on the same host and when testing.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
+| `ORCHARD_LICENSE_TIER`          | The default license limit only allows connecting 4 Orchard Workers to the Orchard Controller. If you've purchased a [Gold Tier License](../licensing.md), set this variable to `gold` to increase the limit to 20 Orchard Workers. And if you've purchased a [Platinum Tier License](../licensing.md), set this variable to `platinum` to increase the limit to 200 Orchard Workers. |
+| `ORCHARD_URL`                   | Override controller URL on per-command basis.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| `ORCHARD_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_NAME`  | Override service account name (used for controller API auth) on per-command basis.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
+| `ORCHARD_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_TOKEN` | Override service account token (used for controller API auth) on per-command basis.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |

docs/orchard/using-orchard-cli.md

@@ -75,3 +75,12 @@ orchard create vm --resources bandwidth-mbps=7500 <NAME>
 However, after this VM is scheduled, the 10 Gbps Mac Studio will only be able to accommodate one more VM (due to internal Apple EULA limit for macOS virtualization) with `bandwidth-mbps=2500` or less.
 
 After the VM finishes, the unused resources will be available again.
+
+## Automatic resources
+
+In addition to manually specifying resources when starting a worker, the following resources are discovered and set automatically by the worker for convenience:
+
+* `org.cirruslabs.logical-cores` — number of logical cores on the host
+* `org.cirruslabs.memory-mib` — total memory in MiB (mebibytes) on the host
+
+Note that the values for these resources are scraped only once at worker startup.

docs/quick-start.md

@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ ssh admin@$(tart ip sequoia-base)
 
     ```bash
     brew install cirruslabs/cli/sshpass
-    sshpass -p admin ssh -o "StrictHostKeyChecking no" admin@$(tart ip sequoia-base) "uname -a"
-    sshpass -p admin ssh -o "StrictHostKeyChecking no" admin@$(tart ip sequoia-base) < script.sh
+    sshpass -p admin ssh -o "StrictHostKeyChecking no" -o "UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" admin@$(tart ip sequoia-base) "uname -a"
+    sshpass -p admin ssh -o "StrictHostKeyChecking no" -o "UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" admin@$(tart ip sequoia-base) < script.sh
     ```
 
 ## Mounting directories

mkdocs.yml

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ plugins:
       match_path: blog/posts/.*
       date_from_meta:
         as_creation: date
+      abstract_chars_count: -1
   - social:
       cards_layout_dir: docs/layouts
       cards_layout: custom