Avoid concurrent APFS resizing in Xcode image builds

* Add Xcode 27.1 to Tahoe and Golden Gate images

* Fix Xcode archive preparation in PR builds

.github/workflows/base.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+name: Base Images
+
+on:
+  push:
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/base.yml"
+      - "data/github_known_hosts"
+      - "data/limit.maxfiles.plist"
+      - "data/tart-guest-*.plist"
+      - "scripts/automationmodetool.expect"
+      - "scripts/install-actions-runner.sh"
+      - "scripts/update-tcc-database.sh"
+      - "templates/base.pkr.hcl"
+      - "templates/disable-sip*.pkr.hcl"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      macos_version:
+        description: "macOS base image to build"
+        required: true
+        default: all
+        type: choice
+        options:
+          - all
+          - golden-gate
+          - tahoe
+          - sequoia
+          - sonoma
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  packages: write
+
+concurrency:
+  group: tart-image-builds
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+env:
+  TART_REGISTRY_HOSTNAME: ghcr.io
+  TART_REGISTRY_USERNAME: ${{ github.actor }}
+  TART_REGISTRY_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+jobs:
+  update-base:
+    name: Update Base Image (${{ matrix.macos_version }})
+    if: >-
+      ${{
+        github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
+        github.ref == format('refs/heads/{0}', github.event.repository.default_branch)
+      }}
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, macOS, ARM64]
+    timeout-minutes: 180
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: 1
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - macos_version: sonoma
+            disable_sip_template: disable-sip.pkr.hcl
+          - macos_version: sequoia
+            disable_sip_template: disable-sip-with-username.pkr.hcl
+          - macos_version: tahoe
+            disable_sip_template: disable-sip-with-username.pkr.hcl
+          - macos_version: golden-gate
+            disable_sip_template: disable-sip-with-username.pkr.hcl
+    env:
+      DISABLE_SIP_TEMPLATE: ${{ matrix.disable_sip_template }}
+      MACOS_VERSION: ${{ matrix.macos_version }}
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Select image
+        id: select
+        env:
+          INPUT_MACOS_VERSION: ${{ inputs.macos_version || 'all' }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          build=false
+          if [[ "$INPUT_MACOS_VERSION" == "all" || "$INPUT_MACOS_VERSION" == "$MACOS_VERSION" ]]; then
+            build=true
+          fi
+
+          echo "build=$build" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Tool versions
+        if: steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          tart --version
+          packer --version
+
+      - name: Pull vanilla image
+        if: steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          tart pull "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-$MACOS_VERSION-vanilla:latest"
+          tart clone "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-$MACOS_VERSION-vanilla:latest" "$MACOS_VERSION-base"
+
+      - name: Disable SIP
+        if: steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          packer init "templates/$DISABLE_SIP_TEMPLATE"
+          packer build -var "vm_name=$MACOS_VERSION-base" "templates/$DISABLE_SIP_TEMPLATE"
+
+      - name: Build base image
+        if: steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          packer init templates/base.pkr.hcl
+          packer build -var "vm_name=$MACOS_VERSION-base" templates/base.pkr.hcl
+
+      - name: Push base image
+        if: steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          tart push "$MACOS_VERSION-base" "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-$MACOS_VERSION-base:latest"
+
+      - name: Cleanup
+        if: always() && steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          tart delete "$MACOS_VERSION-base" || true

.github/workflows/monthly.yml

@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ jobs:
       max-parallel: 1
       matrix:
         include:
+          - macos_version: golden-gate
+            disable_sip_template: disable-sip-with-username.pkr.hcl
           - macos_version: sonoma
             disable_sip_template: disable-sip.pkr.hcl
           - macos_version: sequoia
@@ -115,9 +117,17 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         include:
           - macos_version: tahoe
-            xcode_version: "26.2"
+            xcode_version: "27.1"
             xcode_components: '"MetalToolchain"'
             latest: true
+          - macos_version: tahoe
+            xcode_version: "27"
+            xcode_components: '"MetalToolchain"'
+            latest: false
+          - macos_version: tahoe
+            xcode_version: "26.2"
+            xcode_components: '"MetalToolchain"'
+            latest: false
           - macos_version: tahoe
             xcode_version: "26.1.1"
             xcode_components: '"MetalToolchain"'
@@ -158,6 +168,14 @@ jobs:
             xcode_version: "15.4"
             xcode_components: ""
             latest: false
+          - macos_version: golden-gate
+            xcode_version: "27.1"
+            xcode_components: '"MetalToolchain"'
+            latest: true
+          - macos_version: golden-gate
+            xcode_version: "27"
+            xcode_components: '"MetalToolchain"'
+            latest: false
     env:
       MACOS_VERSION: ${{ matrix.macos_version }}
       XCODE_COMPONENTS: ${{ matrix.xcode_components }}
@@ -179,6 +197,8 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Build Xcode image
         run: |
+          tart clone "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-$MACOS_VERSION-base:latest" "$MACOS_VERSION-xcode:$XCODE_VERSION"
+          tart set "$MACOS_VERSION-xcode:$XCODE_VERSION" --disk-size 140
           packer init templates/xcode.pkr.hcl
           packer build \
             -var "macos_version=$MACOS_VERSION" \

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -34,9 +34,11 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       max-parallel: 1
       matrix:
-        macos_version:
+        # Xcode 27 requires macOS Tahoe 26.6 or later.
-          - tahoe
+        macos_version: >-
-          - sequoia
+          ${{ startsWith(github.event.release.tag_name || inputs.xcode_version, '27')
+              && fromJSON('["tahoe", "golden-gate"]')
+              || fromJSON('["tahoe", "sequoia"]') }}
     env:
       MACOS_VERSION: ${{ matrix.macos_version }}
       XCODE_COMPONENTS: '"MetalToolchain"'
@@ -64,6 +66,8 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Build release image
         run: |
+          tart clone "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-$MACOS_VERSION-base:latest" "$MACOS_VERSION-xcode:$XCODE_RELEASE_VERSION"
+          tart set "$MACOS_VERSION-xcode:$XCODE_RELEASE_VERSION" --disk-size 140
           packer init templates/xcode.pkr.hcl
           packer build \
             -var "macos_version=$MACOS_VERSION" \
@@ -89,7 +93,8 @@ jobs:
 
   release-runner:
     name: Update Runner Image (${{ matrix.macos_version }})
-    needs: release-xcode
+    # Keep runner refreshes independent from the release-xcode matrix so one
+    # Xcode image failure does not skip the runner matrix.
     runs-on: [self-hosted, macOS, ARM64]
     timeout-minutes: 180
     strategy:
@@ -97,6 +102,12 @@ jobs:
       max-parallel: 1
       matrix:
         include:
+          - macos_version: golden-gate
+            xcode_versions: '"27.1","27"'
+            additional_ios_builds: ""
+            additional_tvos_builds: ""
+            xcode_components: '"MetalToolchain"'
+            disk_size: 240
           - macos_version: sequoia
             xcode_versions: '"26.0.1",16.4,16.3,16.2,16.1,16'
             additional_ios_builds: "18.5,18.4,18.2,17.5"
@@ -104,11 +115,11 @@ jobs:
             xcode_components: '"MetalToolchain"'
             disk_size: 380
           - macos_version: tahoe
-            xcode_versions: '"26.5","27-beta","26.4.1","26.3","26.2","26.1.1","26.0.1"'
+            xcode_versions: '"27.1","26.6","27-beta-6","27","26.5","27-beta","26.4.1","26.3","26.2","26.1.1","26.0.1"'
             additional_ios_builds: "18.6"
             additional_tvos_builds: ""
             xcode_components: '"MetalToolchain"'
-            disk_size: 330
+            disk_size: 520
     env:
       ADDITIONAL_IOS_BUILDS: ${{ matrix.additional_ios_builds }}
       ADDITIONAL_TVOS_BUILDS: ${{ matrix.additional_tvos_builds }}
@@ -132,6 +143,8 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Build runner image
         run: |
+          tart clone "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-$MACOS_VERSION-base:latest" "$MACOS_VERSION-xcode:runner"
+          tart set "$MACOS_VERSION-xcode:runner" --disk-size "$DISK_SIZE"
           packer init templates/xcode.pkr.hcl
           packer build \
             -var tag=runner \

.github/workflows/template-validation.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+name: Template Builds
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/base.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/monthly.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/release.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/template-validation.yml"
+      - "data/**"
+      - "scripts/**"
+      - "templates/**"
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  packages: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: template-builds-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  FASTLANE_SESSION: ${{ secrets.FASTLANE_SESSION }}
+  FASTLANE_USER: ${{ secrets.FASTLANE_USER }}
+  HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE: 1
+  HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP: 1
+  PACKER_GITHUB_API_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+  TART_REGISTRY_HOSTNAME: ghcr.io
+  TART_REGISTRY_USERNAME: ${{ github.actor }}
+  TART_REGISTRY_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+jobs:
+  packer-validate:
+    name: Packer Validate
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Setup Packer
+        uses: hashicorp/setup-packer@v3
+
+      - name: Install validation dependencies
+        run: |
+          brew install ansible
+
+      - name: Validate Tart Metal capabilities
+        run: |
+          bash -n scripts/install-tart-metal-capabilities.sh scripts/test-tart-metal-capabilities.sh
+          bash scripts/test-tart-metal-capabilities.sh
+
+      - name: Validate TCC database provisioning
+        run: |
+          bash -n scripts/update-tcc-database.sh scripts/test-update-tcc-database.sh
+          bash scripts/test-update-tcc-database.sh
+
+      - name: Prepare validation inputs
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/XcodesCache"
+          touch "$HOME/XcodesCache/Xcode_26.6.xip"
+          touch "$HOME/XcodesCache/Xcode_27-beta-6.xip"
+          touch "$HOME/XcodesCache/Xcode_27.xip"
+          touch "$HOME/XcodesCache/Xcode_27.1.xip"
+
+      - name: Validate templates
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          validate() {
+            local template="$1"
+            shift
+
+            packer init "$template"
+            packer validate "$@" "$template"
+          }
+
+          for template in templates/vanilla-*.pkr.hcl; do
+            validate "$template"
+          done
+
+          validate templates/xcode.pkr.hcl \
+            -var macos_version=golden-gate \
+            -var 'xcode_version=["27.1","27"]' \
+            -var 'xcode_components=["MetalToolchain"]' \
+            -var expected_runtimes_file=data/expected.golden-gate.runtimes.txt
+
+          validate templates/base.pkr.hcl \
+            -var vm_name=template-validation-base
+
+          validate templates/disable-sip.pkr.hcl \
+            -var vm_name=template-validation-disable-sip
+
+          validate templates/disable-sip-with-username.pkr.hcl \
+            -var vm_name=template-validation-disable-sip-user
+
+          validate templates/exex-script.pkr.hcl \
+            -var vm_name=template-validation-exec \
+            -var script_path=scripts/finalize-tahoe.sh
+
+          validate templates/resolve-macos-number.pkr.hcl \
+            -var vm_base_name=template-validation-base \
+            -var vm_name=template-validation-resolve \
+            -var resolve_file=macos-version.txt
+
+          validate templates/xcode.pkr.hcl \
+            -var macos_version=tahoe \
+            -var 'xcode_version=["26.6"]' \
+            -var expected_runtimes_file=data/expected.tahoe.runtimes.txt
+
+          validate templates/xcode.pkr.hcl \
+            -var macos_version=tahoe \
+            -var 'xcode_version=["27-beta-6"]' \
+            -var 'xcode_components=["MetalToolchain"]'
+
+          validate templates/xcode.pkr.hcl \
+            -var macos_version=tahoe \
+            -var 'xcode_version=["27"]' \
+            -var 'xcode_components=["MetalToolchain"]'
+
+          validate templates/xcode.pkr.hcl \
+            -var macos_version=tahoe \
+            -var 'xcode_version=["27.1"]' \
+            -var 'xcode_components=["MetalToolchain"]'
+
+  build-vanilla:
+    name: Build Vanilla Image (${{ matrix.macos_version }})
+    needs: packer-validate
+    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, macOS, ARM64]
+    timeout-minutes: 180
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: 1
+      matrix:
+        macos_version:
+          - golden-gate
+          - tahoe
+          - sequoia
+          - sonoma
+          - monterey
+    env:
+      MACOS_VERSION: ${{ matrix.macos_version }}
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Select image
+        id: select
+        env:
+          BASE_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
+          HEAD_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          git diff --name-only "$BASE_SHA" "$HEAD_SHA" > changed-files.txt
+
+          build=false
+          if grep -Fxq "templates/vanilla-$MACOS_VERSION.pkr.hcl" changed-files.txt; then
+            build=true
+          fi
+
+          echo "build=$build" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Tool versions
+        if: steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          tart --version
+          packer --version
+
+      - name: Build vanilla image
+        if: steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          packer init "templates/vanilla-$MACOS_VERSION.pkr.hcl"
+          packer build "templates/vanilla-$MACOS_VERSION.pkr.hcl"
+
+      - name: Cleanup
+        if: always() && steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          tart delete "$MACOS_VERSION-vanilla" || true
+
+  build-base:
+    name: Build Base Image (${{ matrix.macos_version }})
+    needs: packer-validate
+    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, macOS, ARM64]
+    timeout-minutes: 180
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: 1
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - macos_version: sonoma
+            disable_sip_template: disable-sip.pkr.hcl
+          - macos_version: sequoia
+            disable_sip_template: disable-sip-with-username.pkr.hcl
+          - macos_version: tahoe
+            disable_sip_template: disable-sip-with-username.pkr.hcl
+          - macos_version: golden-gate
+            disable_sip_template: disable-sip-with-username.pkr.hcl
+    env:
+      DISABLE_SIP_TEMPLATE: ${{ matrix.disable_sip_template }}
+      MACOS_VERSION: ${{ matrix.macos_version }}
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Select image
+        id: select
+        env:
+          BASE_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
+          HEAD_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          git diff --name-only "$BASE_SHA" "$HEAD_SHA" > changed-files.txt
+
+          build=false
+          if grep -Eq '^(\.github/workflows/base\.yml|templates/base\.pkr\.hcl|templates/disable-sip.*\.pkr\.hcl|data/(github_known_hosts|limit\.maxfiles\.plist|setup-info-template\.json|tart-guest-.*\.plist|tart-metal-capabilities/)|scripts/(automationmodetool\.expect|(install-actions-runner|install-tart-metal-capabilities|update-tcc-database)\.sh)|ansible/)' changed-files.txt; then
+            build=true
+          fi
+
+          echo "build=$build" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Tool versions
+        if: steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          tart --version
+          packer --version
+
+      - name: Pull vanilla image
+        if: steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          tart pull "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-$MACOS_VERSION-vanilla:latest"
+          tart clone "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-$MACOS_VERSION-vanilla:latest" "$MACOS_VERSION-base"
+
+      - name: Disable SIP
+        if: steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          packer init "templates/$DISABLE_SIP_TEMPLATE"
+          packer build -var "vm_name=$MACOS_VERSION-base" "templates/$DISABLE_SIP_TEMPLATE"
+
+      - name: Build base image
+        if: steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          packer init templates/base.pkr.hcl
+          packer build -var "vm_name=$MACOS_VERSION-base" templates/base.pkr.hcl
+
+      - name: Cleanup
+        if: always() && steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          tart delete "$MACOS_VERSION-base" || true
+
+  build-runner:
+    name: Build Runner Image (${{ matrix.macos_version }})
+    needs: packer-validate
+    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, macOS, ARM64]
+    timeout-minutes: 180
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: 1
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - macos_version: tahoe
+            xcode_versions: '"27.1","26.6","27-beta-6","27","26.5","27-beta","26.4.1","26.3","26.2","26.1.1","26.0.1"'
+            additional_ios_builds: "18.6"
+            additional_tvos_builds: ""
+            xcode_components: '"MetalToolchain"'
+            disk_size: 520
+          - macos_version: sequoia
+            xcode_versions: '"26.0.1",16.4,16.3,16.2,16.1,16'
+            additional_ios_builds: "18.5,18.4,18.2,17.5"
+            additional_tvos_builds: "17.5"
+            xcode_components: '"MetalToolchain"'
+            disk_size: 380
+          - macos_version: golden-gate
+            xcode_versions: '"27.1","27"'
+            additional_ios_builds: ""
+            additional_tvos_builds: ""
+            xcode_components: '"MetalToolchain"'
+            disk_size: 240
+    env:
+      ADDITIONAL_IOS_BUILDS: ${{ matrix.additional_ios_builds }}
+      ADDITIONAL_TVOS_BUILDS: ${{ matrix.additional_tvos_builds }}
+      DISK_SIZE: ${{ matrix.disk_size }}
+      MACOS_VERSION: ${{ matrix.macos_version }}
+      XCODE_COMPONENTS: ${{ matrix.xcode_components }}
+      XCODE_VERSIONS: ${{ matrix.xcode_versions }}
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Select image
+        id: select
+        env:
+          BASE_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
+          HEAD_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          git diff --name-only "$BASE_SHA" "$HEAD_SHA" > changed-files.txt
+
+          build=false
+          if grep -Fxq ".github/workflows/release.yml" changed-files.txt; then
+            build=true
+          elif grep -Fxq "data/expected.$MACOS_VERSION.runtimes.txt" changed-files.txt; then
+            build=true
+          elif grep -Fxq "scripts/finalize-$MACOS_VERSION.sh" changed-files.txt; then
+            build=true
+          elif grep -Eq '^(templates/xcode\.pkr\.hcl|data/setup-info-template\.json|scripts/install-actions-runner\.sh)$' changed-files.txt; then
+            build=true
+          fi
+
+          echo "build=$build" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Tool versions
+        if: steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          tart --version
+          packer --version
+
+      - name: Pull base image
+        if: steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          tart pull "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-$MACOS_VERSION-base:latest"
+
+      - name: Prepare Xcode archives
+        if: steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        timeout-minutes: 30
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          source ~/.zprofile || true
+
+          if ! command -v xcodes >/dev/null; then
+            brew install xcodes
+          fi
+
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/XcodesCache"
+          download_dir="$(mktemp -d "$HOME/XcodesCache/.download.XXXXXX")"
+          trap 'rm -rf "$download_dir"' EXIT
+          IFS=',' read -ra versions <<< "$XCODE_VERSIONS"
+
+          for raw_version in "${versions[@]}"; do
+            version="${raw_version//\"/}"
+            target="$HOME/XcodesCache/Xcode_${version}.xip"
+
+            if [[ -f "$target" ]]; then
+              echo "Using cached Xcode $version at $target"
+              continue
+            fi
+
+            echo "Downloading Xcode $version"
+            download_args=(download "$version" --directory "$download_dir")
+            if [[ -n "${FASTLANE_SESSION:-}" ]]; then
+              download_args+=(--use-fastlane-auth)
+            elif [[ -n "${FASTLANE_USER:-}" ]]; then
+              # An explicit user reads a cookie file instead of FASTLANE_SESSION.
+              download_args+=(--use-fastlane-auth --fastlane-user "$FASTLANE_USER")
+            fi
+            xcodes "${download_args[@]}" < /dev/null
+
+            archives=("$download_dir"/*.xip)
+            if [[ ${#archives[@]} -ne 1 || ! -f "${archives[0]}" ]]; then
+              echo "::error::Expected exactly one downloaded Xcode archive for $version."
+              exit 1
+            fi
+
+            mv "${archives[0]}" "$target"
+          done
+
+      - name: Build runner image
+        if: steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          tart clone "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-$MACOS_VERSION-base:latest" "$MACOS_VERSION-xcode:runner"
+          tart set "$MACOS_VERSION-xcode:runner" --disk-size "$DISK_SIZE"
+          packer init templates/xcode.pkr.hcl
+          packer build \
+            -var tag=runner \
+            -var "disk_size=$DISK_SIZE" \
+            -var disk_free_mb=100000 \
+            -var "macos_version=$MACOS_VERSION" \
+            -var "xcode_version=[$XCODE_VERSIONS]" \
+            -var "additional_ios_builds=[$ADDITIONAL_IOS_BUILDS]" \
+            -var "additional_tvos_builds=[$ADDITIONAL_TVOS_BUILDS]" \
+            -var "xcode_components=[$XCODE_COMPONENTS]" \
+            -var "expected_runtimes_file=data/expected.$MACOS_VERSION.runtimes.txt" \
+            templates/xcode.pkr.hcl
+
+      - name: Finalize runner image
+        if: steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          if [[ -f "scripts/finalize-$MACOS_VERSION.sh" ]]; then
+            packer build \
+              -var "vm_name=$MACOS_VERSION-xcode:runner" \
+              -var "script_path=scripts/finalize-$MACOS_VERSION.sh" \
+              templates/exex-script.pkr.hcl
+          else
+            echo "Skipping prepare script for $MACOS_VERSION"
+          fi
+
+      - name: Cleanup
+        if: always() && steps.select.outputs.build == 'true'
+        run: |
+          tart delete "$MACOS_VERSION-xcode:runner" || true

.github/workflows/vanilla.yml

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ on:
         type: choice
         options:
           - all
+          - golden-gate
           - tahoe
           - sequoia
           - sonoma
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ jobs:
       max-parallel: 1
       matrix:
         macos_version:
+          - golden-gate
           - tahoe
           - sequoia
           - sonoma

README.md

@@ -5,17 +5,46 @@ GitHub Actions runners, [Cirrus Runners](https://cirrus-runners.app/) or [any ot
 
 The following image variants are currently available:
 
-* `macos-{tahoe,sequoia,sonoma}-vanilla` — a vanilla macOS installation with helpful tweaks such as auto-login, but no additional software preinstalled
+* `macos-{golden-gate,tahoe,sequoia,sonoma}-vanilla` — a vanilla macOS installation with helpful tweaks such as auto-login, but no additional software preinstalled
-* `macos-{tahoe,sequoia,sonoma}-base` — based on `macos-{tahoe,sequoia,sonoma}-vanilla` image, it comes with `brew` and [other useful software](https://github.com/cirruslabs/macos-image-templates/blob/main/templates/base.pkr.hcl) pre-installed, but without Xcode
+* `macos-{golden-gate,tahoe,sequoia,sonoma}-base` — based on `macos-{golden-gate,tahoe,sequoia,sonoma}-vanilla` image, it comes with `brew` and [other useful software](https://github.com/cirruslabs/macos-image-templates/blob/main/templates/base.pkr.hcl) pre-installed, but without Xcode
-* `macos-{tahoe,sequoia,sonoma}-xcode:N` — based on `macos-{tahoe,sequoia,sonoma}-base` image and has `Xcode N` with [`Flutter`](https://flutter.dev/) pre-installed
+* `macos-{golden-gate,tahoe,sequoia,sonoma}-xcode:N` — based on `macos-{golden-gate,tahoe,sequoia,sonoma}-base` image and has `Xcode N` with [`Flutter`](https://flutter.dev/) pre-installed
-* `macos-runner:{tahoe,sequoia,sonoma}` — a variant of `xcode:N` with several versions of `Xcode` pre-installed and [`xcodes` tool](https://github.com/XcodesOrg/xcodes) to switch between them.
+* `macos-runner:{golden-gate,tahoe,sequoia,sonoma}` — a variant of `xcode:N` with one or more versions of `Xcode` pre-installed and [`xcodes` tool](https://github.com/XcodesOrg/xcodes) to switch between them.
 
 See a full list of VMs available [here](https://github.com/orgs/cirruslabs/packages?tab=packages&q=macos-).
 
+## Metal capabilities
+
+Base images include the experimental [Tart Metal shim](data/tart-metal-capabilities),
+based on [the Lume team's work](https://github.com/trycua/cua/blob/main/blog/gpu-passthrough-macos-vms.md).
+It is installed at `/usr/local/lib/TartMetalCapabilities.dylib` but is not
+enabled by default, including for the guest agent or `tart exec`.
+
+Before starting the VM, enable unrestricted virtual-GPU features on the host
+as the user running Tart:
+
+```shell
+defaults write com.apple.gpusw.ParavirtualizedGraphics ForceUnrestrictedDeviceFeatureLevel -bool true
+```
+
+Restart an already-running VM after changing that preference. To enable the
+shim for one command with Apple family 9 and 64 KiB of threadgroup memory:
+
+```shell
+tart exec my-vm /usr/bin/env \
+  DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=/usr/local/lib/TartMetalCapabilities.dylib \
+  TART_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX=1009 \
+  /path/to/workload
+```
+
+Omit these environment variables to run normally. Each opted-in process gets
+its own settings; `TART_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX=0` disables the capability
+override. Protected executables may reject injection, and GPU support depends
+on the host, guest, and workload.
+
 ## Release Cadence
 
 Once a new version of Xcode is released, we will initiate a GitHub release which will automatically build and push
-a new version of the `macos-{tahoe,sequoia}-xcode:N`. This generally happens the next weekend after a release.
+a new version of the `macos-{golden-gate,tahoe,sequoia}-xcode:N` images on supported macOS versions. This generally happens the next weekend after a release.
 Please watch this repository releases to get notified about new images.
 
 ## Update Cadence

data/expected.golden-gate.runtimes.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+== Runtimes ==
+iOS 27.0 (27.0 - 24A434) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-27-0
+iOS 27.1 (27.1 - 24A94425) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-27-1
+tvOS 27.0 (27.0 - 24J360) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.tvOS-27-0
+watchOS 27.0 (27.0 - 24R362) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.watchOS-27-0
+visionOS 27.0 (27.0 - 24M362) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.xrOS-27-0

data/expected.tahoe.runtimes.txt

@@ -5,12 +5,16 @@ iOS 26.1 (26.1 - 23B86) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-26-1
 iOS 26.3 (26.3.1 - 23D8133) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-26-3
 iOS 26.4 (26.4.1 - 23E254a) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-26-4
 iOS 26.5 (26.5 - 23F77) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-26-5
-tvOS 26.2 (26.2 - 23K51) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.tvOS-26-2
+iOS 27.0 (27.0 - 24A5355p) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-27-0
-tvOS 26.4 (26.4 - 23L243a) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.tvOS-26-4
+iOS 27.0 (27.0 - 24A5423a) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-27-0
+iOS 27.0 (27.0 - 24A434) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-27-0
+iOS 27.1 (27.1 - 24A94425) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-27-1
 tvOS 26.5 (26.5 - 23L470) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.tvOS-26-5
-watchOS 26.2 (26.2 - 23S303) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.watchOS-26-2
+tvOS 27.0 (27.0 - 24J5356a) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.tvOS-27-0
-watchOS 26.4 (26.4 - 23T240b) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.watchOS-26-4
+tvOS 27.0 (27.0 - 24J360) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.tvOS-27-0
 watchOS 26.5 (26.5 - 23T570) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.watchOS-26-5
-visionOS 26.2 (26.2 - 23N301) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.xrOS-26-2
+watchOS 27.0 (27.0 - 24R5355a) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.watchOS-27-0
-visionOS 26.4 (26.4.1 - 23O249a) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.xrOS-26-4
+watchOS 27.0 (27.0 - 24R362) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.watchOS-27-0
 visionOS 26.5 (26.5 - 23O470) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.xrOS-26-5
+visionOS 27.0 (27.0 - 24M5357a) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.xrOS-27-0
+visionOS 27.0 (27.0 - 24M362) - com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.xrOS-27-0

data/tart-metal-capabilities/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 Cua AI, Inc.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

data/tart-metal-capabilities/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Tart Metal capabilities
+
+This is a vendored adaptation of the minimal [Cua/Lume Metal capability shim](https://github.com/trycua/cua/tree/3c1acf27748c3e0f8ff71cd0c9ab072b1e160997/libs/lume/metal-capability-shim)
+at revision `3c1acf27748c3e0f8ff71cd0c9ab072b1e160997`. The full shim source and
+Metal capability probe are copied here. The source's `Lume` identifiers,
+diagnostics, and `LUME_METAL_*` settings are renamed to `Tart` and `TART_METAL_*`.
+The original Cua copyright and [MIT license](LICENSE) are retained. The upstream
+source SHA-256 before renaming is
+`e1371b1e579bca895e6b3a2b581b9f328203d9786bf809912a4a5d1672010cce`.
+
+The shim changes only Apple-family capability answers and selected memory
+limits. It does not advertise additional Common, Mac, or Metal families. It
+uses private, version-sensitive behavior; reported capabilities are not a
+guarantee that every corresponding GPU operation is supported.
+
+Configuration is read once, when each process loads the library:
+
+| Variable | Behavior |
+| --- | --- |
+| `TART_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX` | Required Apple-family ceiling, from 1001 through 1999. Missing, zero, or invalid values disable the shim. |
+| `TART_METAL_MAX_THREADGROUP_MEMORY` | Memory floor in bytes; defaults to 65536. |
+| `TART_METAL_RECOMMENDED_WORKING_SET_SIZE` | Optional working-set floor in bytes; unchanged when unset. |
+
+The old `LUME_METAL_*` names are not recognized. Base images install the library
+without enabling it for the guest agent or other processes. See the repository's
+[Metal capabilities instructions](../../README.md#metal-capabilities) for
+explicit per-command activation and host setup.
+
+From the repository root, run `bash scripts/test-tart-metal-capabilities.sh` to
+build and test without installing anything on the host. The installer accepts
+`DESTDIR` for staging and `TART_METAL_SOURCE_DIR` for Packer's uploaded sources.

data/tart-metal-capabilities/Sources/TartMetalCapabilities.m

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Cua AI, Inc.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// Adapted from the Cua/Lume team's process-scoped Metal capability shim.
+// Credit to the Lume folks for the idea and original implementation:
+// https://github.com/trycua/cua/blob/3c1acf27748c3e0f8ff71cd0c9ab072b1e160997/blog/gpu-passthrough-macos-vms.md
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+#import <Metal/Metal.h>
+#import <objc/runtime.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+typedef unsigned long long TartU64;
+
+typedef struct {
+    BOOL enabled;
+    NSUInteger appleFamilyMax;
+    NSUInteger maxThreadgroupMemory;
+    BOOL hasRecommendedWorkingSetSize;
+    NSUInteger recommendedWorkingSetSize;
+} TartMetalConfiguration;
+
+static TartMetalConfiguration gConfiguration = {0};
+static IMP gOriginalInitGPUFamilySupport = NULL;
+static IMP gOriginalMaxThreadgroupMemoryLength = NULL;
+static IMP gOriginalRecommendedMaxWorkingSetSize = NULL;
+static IMP gOriginalSupportsFamily = NULL;
+static BOOL gDeviceHooksInstalled = NO;
+
+static BOOL parseUnsignedEnvironmentValue(const char *name, TartU64 *value) {
+    const char *rawValue = getenv(name);
+    if (!rawValue || !*rawValue) return NO;
+
+    errno = 0;
+    char *end = NULL;
+    unsigned long long parsed = strtoull(rawValue, &end, 0);
+    if (errno != 0 || end == rawValue || !end || *end != '\0') return NO;
+
+    *value = parsed;
+    return YES;
+}
+
+static BOOL loadConfiguration(void) {
+    TartU64 appleFamilyMax = 0;
+    if (!parseUnsignedEnvironmentValue(
+            "TART_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX",
+            &appleFamilyMax
+        ) || appleFamilyMax < 1001 || appleFamilyMax >= 2000) {
+        return NO;
+    }
+
+    TartU64 maxThreadgroupMemory = 65536;
+    const char *rawThreadgroupMemory = getenv("TART_METAL_MAX_THREADGROUP_MEMORY");
+    if (rawThreadgroupMemory && *rawThreadgroupMemory &&
+        !parseUnsignedEnvironmentValue("TART_METAL_MAX_THREADGROUP_MEMORY", &maxThreadgroupMemory)) {
+        return NO;
+    }
+
+    TartU64 recommendedWorkingSetSize = 0;
+    const char *rawWorkingSetSize = getenv("TART_METAL_RECOMMENDED_WORKING_SET_SIZE");
+    BOOL hasRecommendedWorkingSetSize = rawWorkingSetSize && *rawWorkingSetSize;
+    if (hasRecommendedWorkingSetSize &&
+        !parseUnsignedEnvironmentValue(
+            "TART_METAL_RECOMMENDED_WORKING_SET_SIZE",
+            &recommendedWorkingSetSize
+        )) {
+        return NO;
+    }
+
+    gConfiguration.enabled = YES;
+    gConfiguration.appleFamilyMax = (NSUInteger)appleFamilyMax;
+    gConfiguration.maxThreadgroupMemory = (NSUInteger)maxThreadgroupMemory;
+    gConfiguration.hasRecommendedWorkingSetSize = hasRecommendedWorkingSetSize;
+    gConfiguration.recommendedWorkingSetSize = (NSUInteger)recommendedWorkingSetSize;
+    return YES;
+}
+
+static NSUInteger hookMaxThreadgroupMemoryLength(id self, SEL selector) {
+    NSUInteger original = gOriginalMaxThreadgroupMemoryLength
+        ? ((NSUInteger(*)(id, SEL))(void *)gOriginalMaxThreadgroupMemoryLength)(self, selector)
+        : 0;
+    return original < gConfiguration.maxThreadgroupMemory
+        ? gConfiguration.maxThreadgroupMemory
+        : original;
+}
+
+static NSUInteger hookRecommendedMaxWorkingSetSize(id self, SEL selector) {
+    NSUInteger original = gOriginalRecommendedMaxWorkingSetSize
+        ? ((NSUInteger(*)(id, SEL))(void *)gOriginalRecommendedMaxWorkingSetSize)(self, selector)
+        : 0;
+    return original < gConfiguration.recommendedWorkingSetSize
+        ? gConfiguration.recommendedWorkingSetSize
+        : original;
+}
+
+static BOOL hookSupportsFamily(id self, SEL selector, NSUInteger family) {
+    BOOL original = gOriginalSupportsFamily
+        ? ((BOOL(*)(id, SEL, NSUInteger))(void *)gOriginalSupportsFamily)(self, selector, family)
+        : NO;
+    BOOL isConfiguredAppleFamily = family >= 1001 &&
+        family <= gConfiguration.appleFamilyMax;
+    return original || isConfiguredAppleFamily;
+}
+
+static BOOL replaceMethod(
+    Class deviceClass,
+    NSString *selectorName,
+    IMP replacement,
+    IMP *original
+) {
+    SEL selector = NSSelectorFromString(selectorName);
+    Method method = class_getInstanceMethod(deviceClass, selector);
+    if (!method) return NO;
+
+    *original = method_setImplementation(method, replacement);
+    return *original != NULL;
+}
+
+static void installDeviceHooks(id device) {
+    @synchronized([device class]) {
+        if (gDeviceHooksInstalled) return;
+
+        Class deviceClass = [device class];
+        Method maxThreadgroupMemory = class_getInstanceMethod(
+            deviceClass,
+            NSSelectorFromString(@"maxThreadgroupMemoryLength")
+        );
+        Method supportsFamily = class_getInstanceMethod(
+            deviceClass,
+            NSSelectorFromString(@"supportsFamily:")
+        );
+        Method recommendedWorkingSetSize = gConfiguration.hasRecommendedWorkingSetSize
+            ? class_getInstanceMethod(
+                  deviceClass,
+                  NSSelectorFromString(@"recommendedMaxWorkingSetSize")
+              )
+            : NULL;
+
+        if (!maxThreadgroupMemory || !supportsFamily ||
+            (gConfiguration.hasRecommendedWorkingSetSize && !recommendedWorkingSetSize)) {
+            NSLog(@"[TartMetalCapabilities] Required device methods are unavailable; leaving stock capabilities unchanged");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        BOOL installed = replaceMethod(
+            deviceClass,
+            @"maxThreadgroupMemoryLength",
+            (IMP)hookMaxThreadgroupMemoryLength,
+            &gOriginalMaxThreadgroupMemoryLength
+        );
+        installed = installed && replaceMethod(
+            deviceClass,
+            @"supportsFamily:",
+            (IMP)hookSupportsFamily,
+            &gOriginalSupportsFamily
+        );
+
+        if (installed && gConfiguration.hasRecommendedWorkingSetSize) {
+            installed = replaceMethod(
+                deviceClass,
+                @"recommendedMaxWorkingSetSize",
+                (IMP)hookRecommendedMaxWorkingSetSize,
+                &gOriginalRecommendedMaxWorkingSetSize
+            );
+        }
+
+        if (!installed) {
+            NSLog(@"[TartMetalCapabilities] Capability hook installation was incomplete");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        gDeviceHooksInstalled = YES;
+        NSLog(
+            @"[TartMetalCapabilities] Enabled for %@ (appleFamilyMax=%llu maxThreadgroupMemory=%llu)",
+            [NSProcessInfo processInfo].processName,
+            (TartU64)gConfiguration.appleFamilyMax,
+            (TartU64)gConfiguration.maxThreadgroupMemory
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+static void hookInitGPUFamilySupport(id self, SEL selector) {
+    installDeviceHooks(self);
+    ((void(*)(id, SEL))(void *)gOriginalInitGPUFamilySupport)(self, selector);
+}
+
+__attribute__((constructor))
+static void initializeTartMetalCapabilities(void) {
+    @autoreleasepool {
+        if (!loadConfiguration()) return;
+
+        Class deviceClass = NSClassFromString(@"_MTLDevice");
+        if (!deviceClass) return;
+
+        Method method = class_getInstanceMethod(
+            deviceClass,
+            NSSelectorFromString(@"initGPUFamilySupport")
+        );
+        if (!method) return;
+
+        gOriginalInitGPUFamilySupport = method_setImplementation(
+            method,
+            (IMP)hookInitGPUFamilySupport
+        );
+    }
+}

data/tart-metal-capabilities/Tests/configuration.m

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#import "../Sources/TartMetalCapabilities.m"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+static void resetConfiguration(void) {
+    unsetenv("TART_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX");
+    unsetenv("TART_METAL_MAX_THREADGROUP_MEMORY");
+    unsetenv("TART_METAL_RECOMMENDED_WORKING_SET_SIZE");
+    unsetenv("LUME_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX");
+    gConfiguration = (TartMetalConfiguration){0};
+}
+
+int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
+    // In this mode, check the configuration loaded by the real constructor
+    // before main(), as it would be for a newly executed workload.
+    if (argc == 2) {
+        NSUInteger expected = (NSUInteger)strtoull(argv[1], NULL, 10);
+        assert(gConfiguration.enabled == (expected != 0));
+        assert(gConfiguration.appleFamilyMax == expected);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    resetConfiguration();
+    assert(!loadConfiguration());
+    setenv("LUME_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX", "1009", 1);
+    assert(!loadConfiguration());
+
+    const char *invalidFamilies[] = {"", "0", "1000", "2000", "-1", "1009x"};
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(invalidFamilies) / sizeof(invalidFamilies[0]); i++) {
+        resetConfiguration();
+        setenv("TART_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX", invalidFamilies[i], 1);
+        assert(!loadConfiguration());
+        assert(!gConfiguration.enabled);
+    }
+
+    resetConfiguration();
+    setenv("TART_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX", "1009", 1);
+    assert(loadConfiguration());
+    assert(gConfiguration.appleFamilyMax == 1009);
+    assert(gConfiguration.maxThreadgroupMemory == 65536);
+    assert(!gConfiguration.hasRecommendedWorkingSetSize);
+
+    resetConfiguration();
+    setenv("TART_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX", "1999", 1);
+    setenv("TART_METAL_MAX_THREADGROUP_MEMORY", "32768", 1);
+    setenv("TART_METAL_RECOMMENDED_WORKING_SET_SIZE", "1073741824", 1);
+    assert(loadConfiguration());
+    assert(gConfiguration.appleFamilyMax == 1999);
+    assert(gConfiguration.maxThreadgroupMemory == 32768);
+    assert(gConfiguration.hasRecommendedWorkingSetSize);
+    assert(gConfiguration.recommendedWorkingSetSize == 1073741824);
+
+    resetConfiguration();
+    setenv("TART_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX", "1009", 1);
+    setenv("TART_METAL_MAX_THREADGROUP_MEMORY", "invalid", 1);
+    assert(!loadConfiguration());
+    unsetenv("TART_METAL_MAX_THREADGROUP_MEMORY");
+    setenv("TART_METAL_RECOMMENDED_WORKING_SET_SIZE", "invalid", 1);
+    assert(!loadConfiguration());
+
+    resetConfiguration();
+    puts("configuration: OK");
+    return 0;
+}

data/tart-metal-capabilities/Tests/exec-environment.c

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+static pid_t startChild(const char *executable, const char *library, const char *family) {
+    pid_t child = fork();
+    assert(child >= 0);
+    if (child == 0) {
+        char *libraryAssignment = NULL;
+        char *familyAssignment = NULL;
+        assert(asprintf(&libraryAssignment, "DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=%s", library) >= 0);
+        assert(asprintf(&familyAssignment, "TART_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX=%s", family) >= 0);
+        execl("/usr/bin/env", "env", libraryAssignment, familyAssignment,
+              executable, family, "child", NULL);
+        _exit(1);
+    }
+    return child;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    assert(argc >= 2);
+    const char *library = getenv("DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES");
+    const char *family = getenv("TART_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX");
+    const char *memory = getenv("TART_METAL_MAX_THREADGROUP_MEMORY");
+    int loaded = 0;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < _dyld_image_count(); i++) {
+        if (strstr(_dyld_get_image_name(i), "/TartMetalCapabilities.dylib")) loaded = 1;
+    }
+    if (strcmp(argv[1], "stock") == 0) {
+        assert(!library && !family && !memory && !loaded);
+        puts("stock process without injection: OK");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    assert(library && family && memory);
+    assert(strcmp(family, argv[1]) == 0);
+    assert(strcmp(memory, "65536") == 0);
+    assert(loaded);
+    if (argc == 3) return 0;
+
+    // Concurrent workloads must get independent overrides while their parent
+    // retains its explicit opt-in. Exercise the documented /usr/bin/env path.
+    pid_t children[] = {
+        startChild(argv[0], library, "1008"),
+        startChild(argv[0], library, "0"),
+    };
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(children) / sizeof(children[0]); i++) {
+        int status = 0;
+        assert(waitpid(children[i], &status, 0) == children[i]);
+        assert(WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0);
+    }
+    assert(strcmp(getenv("TART_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX"), argv[1]) == 0);
+    puts("per-process injection and overrides: OK");
+    return 0;
+}

data/tart-metal-capabilities/Tests/metal-capabilities.m

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+#import <Metal/Metal.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+static BOOL parseFamily(const char *raw, NSUInteger *family) {
+    errno = 0;
+    char *end = NULL;
+    unsigned long long parsed = strtoull(raw, &end, 0);
+    if (errno != 0 || end == raw || !end || *end != '\0') return NO;
+    *family = (NSUInteger)parsed;
+    return YES;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
+    @autoreleasepool {
+        NSUInteger family = 1009;
+        if (argc > 1 && !parseFamily(argv[1], &family)) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "invalid family: %s\n", argv[1]);
+            return 2;
+        }
+
+        id<MTLDevice> device = MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice();
+        if (!device) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Metal device unavailable\n");
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        printf("device=%s\n", device.name.UTF8String);
+        printf("family=%llu\n", (unsigned long long)family);
+        printf(
+            "supports_family=%s\n",
+            [device supportsFamily:(MTLGPUFamily)family] ? "true" : "false"
+        );
+        printf(
+            "max_threadgroup_memory=%llu\n",
+            (unsigned long long)device.maxThreadgroupMemoryLength
+        );
+    }
+    return 0;
+}

scripts/install-tart-metal-capabilities.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# Packer supplies the uploaded source directory. Local builds use the vendored
+# copy next to this script, so building an image needs no upstream download.
+source_dir=${TART_METAL_SOURCE_DIR:-"$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../data/tart-metal-capabilities" && pwd)"}
+work_dir=$(mktemp -d)
+trap 'rm -rf "$work_dir"' EXIT
+test -f "$source_dir/LICENSE"
+
+# One path must work for the native guest agent, arm64e processes, and Rosetta
+# children. Keep the deployment target compatible with the oldest template.
+xcrun clang \
+  -arch arm64 -arch arm64e -arch x86_64 \
+  -O3 -Wall -Wextra -Werror -fobjc-arc -fblocks -fvisibility=hidden \
+  -dynamiclib -install_name /usr/local/lib/TartMetalCapabilities.dylib \
+  -mmacosx-version-min=12.0 -framework Foundation -framework Metal \
+  "$source_dir/Sources/TartMetalCapabilities.m" -o "$work_dir/TartMetalCapabilities.dylib"
+codesign --force --sign - "$work_dir/TartMetalCapabilities.dylib"
+# Xcode 27's lipo rejects multiple architectures in one -verify_arch call.
+for architecture in arm64 arm64e x86_64; do
+  lipo "$work_dir/TartMetalCapabilities.dylib" -verify_arch "$architecture"
+done
+codesign --verify --strict "$work_dir/TartMetalCapabilities.dylib"
+
+# DESTDIR allows the exact installer to be exercised without modifying the host.
+install_root=${DESTDIR:-}
+install_command=(sudo install -o root -g wheel)
+if [[ -n "$install_root" ]]; then
+  install_command=(install)
+fi
+"${install_command[@]}" -d -m 0755 "$install_root/usr/local/lib" \
+  "$install_root/usr/local/share/licenses/tart-metal-capabilities"
+"${install_command[@]}" -m 0644 "$work_dir/TartMetalCapabilities.dylib" \
+  "$install_root/usr/local/lib/TartMetalCapabilities.dylib"
+"${install_command[@]}" -m 0644 "$source_dir/LICENSE" \
+  "$install_root/usr/local/share/licenses/tart-metal-capabilities/LICENSE"

scripts/test-tart-metal-capabilities.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+script_dir=$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)
+source_dir="$script_dir/../data/tart-metal-capabilities"
+work_dir=$(mktemp -d)
+trap 'rm -rf "$work_dir"' EXIT
+
+DESTDIR="$work_dir/root" TART_METAL_SOURCE_DIR="$source_dir" \
+  bash "$script_dir/install-tart-metal-capabilities.sh"
+library="$work_dir/root/usr/local/lib/TartMetalCapabilities.dylib"
+cmp "$source_dir/LICENSE" \
+  "$work_dir/root/usr/local/share/licenses/tart-metal-capabilities/LICENSE"
+
+xcrun clang -O2 -Wall -Wextra -Werror -fobjc-arc \
+  -framework Foundation -framework Metal \
+  "$source_dir/Tests/configuration.m" -o "$work_dir/configuration"
+/usr/bin/env -u TART_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX \
+  -u TART_METAL_MAX_THREADGROUP_MEMORY -u TART_METAL_RECOMMENDED_WORKING_SET_SIZE \
+  "$work_dir/configuration"
+for family in 1009 1008 0; do
+  /usr/bin/env -u TART_METAL_MAX_THREADGROUP_MEMORY \
+    -u TART_METAL_RECOMMENDED_WORKING_SET_SIZE \
+    TART_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX="$family" "$work_dir/configuration" "$family"
+done
+
+xcrun clang -O2 -Wall -Wextra -Werror -arch arm64 -arch x86_64 \
+  -mmacosx-version-min=12.0 "$source_dir/Tests/exec-environment.c" \
+  -o "$work_dir/exec-environment"
+run_stock() {
+  "$@" /usr/bin/env -u DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES -u TART_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX \
+    -u TART_METAL_MAX_THREADGROUP_MEMORY -u TART_METAL_RECOMMENDED_WORKING_SET_SIZE \
+    "$work_dir/exec-environment" stock
+}
+run_injected() {
+  "$@" /usr/bin/env DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES="$library" \
+    TART_METAL_APPLE_FAMILY_MAX=1009 TART_METAL_MAX_THREADGROUP_MEMORY=65536 \
+    "$work_dir/exec-environment" 1009
+}
+run_stock
+run_injected
+if [[ $(uname -m) == arm64 ]]; then
+  if arch -x86_64 /usr/bin/true; then
+    run_stock arch -x86_64
+    run_injected arch -x86_64
+  else
+    echo "Rosetta runtime check skipped: Rosetta is not installed"
+  fi
+fi
+
+for variant in agent daemon; do
+  plist="$script_dir/../data/tart-guest-$variant.plist"
+  plutil -lint "$plist"
+  agent_environment=$(plutil -extract EnvironmentVariables xml1 -o - "$plist")
+  if printf '%s\n' "$agent_environment" \
+    | grep -Eq '<key>(DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES|TART_METAL_[^<]+)</key>'; then
+    echo "Unexpected default Metal injection in $plist" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+done

scripts/test-update-tcc-database.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+script_dir=$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)
+export TCC_TEST_ROOT
+TCC_TEST_ROOT=$(mktemp -d)
+trap 'rm -rf "$TCC_TEST_ROOT"' EXIT
+export TCC_TEST_SQLITE
+TCC_TEST_SQLITE=$(command -v sqlite3)
+export TCC_TEST_SYSTEM_DB='/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db'
+export TCC_TEST_LEGACY_DB="$HOME/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db"
+export TCC_TEST_PROTECTED_DB='/private/var/containers/Data/ProtectedSystem/TEST-USER/Data/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db'
+export TCC_TEST_AGENT='/opt/homebrew/Cellar/tart-guest-agent/0.13.0/bin/tart-guest-agent'
+
+# Run the real provisioning script against temporary SQLite databases. Every
+# privileged operation is intercepted; these tests never access the host's TCC.
+source() {
+  [[ $# == 1 && "$1" == "$HOME/.zprofile" ]]
+}
+sw_vers() {
+  [[ $# == 1 && "$1" == -productVersion ]] || return 1
+  printf '%s\n' "$TCC_TEST_MACOS_VERSION"
+}
+id() {
+  [[ $# == 1 && "$1" == -u ]] || return 1
+  printf '501\n'
+}
+realpath() {
+  [[ $# == 1 && "$1" == /opt/homebrew/bin/tart-guest-agent ]] || return 1
+  [[ "$TCC_TEST_AGENT_EXISTS" == 1 ]] || return 1
+  printf '%s\n' "$TCC_TEST_AGENT"
+}
+sudo() {
+  local subcommand="$1" database
+  shift
+  case "$subcommand" in
+    lsof)
+      [[ "$TCC_TEST_EXPECT_LSOF" == 1 && "$*" == '-a -u 501 -c tccd -Fn' ]] || return 1
+      printf '%s\n' "$TCC_TEST_OPEN_FILES"
+      return "$TCC_TEST_LSOF_STATUS"
+      ;;
+    test)
+      [[ $# == 2 && "$1" == -f ]] || return 1
+      case "$2" in
+        "$TCC_TEST_LEGACY_DB") [[ "$TCC_TEST_LEGACY_EXISTS" == 1 ]] ;;
+        "$TCC_TEST_PROTECTED_DB") [[ "$TCC_TEST_PROTECTED_EXISTS" == 1 ]] ;;
+        *) return 1 ;;
+      esac
+      ;;
+    stat)
+      [[ $# == 3 && "$1" == -f && "$2" == %u && "$3" == "$TCC_TEST_PROTECTED_DB" ]] || return 1
+      printf '%s\n' "$TCC_TEST_OWNER"
+      ;;
+    sqlite3)
+      [[ $# == 1 ]] || return 1
+      case "$1" in
+        "$TCC_TEST_SYSTEM_DB") database="$TCC_TEST_ROOT/system.db" ;;
+        "$TCC_TEST_LEGACY_DB"|"$TCC_TEST_PROTECTED_DB") database="$TCC_TEST_ROOT/user.db" ;;
+        *) echo "Unexpected database: $1" >&2; return 1 ;;
+      esac
+      printf '%s\n' "$1" >> "$TCC_TEST_ROOT/writes"
+      "$TCC_TEST_SQLITE" "$database"
+      ;;
+    *) echo "Unexpected sudo command: $subcommand" >&2; return 1 ;;
+  esac
+}
+export -f source sw_vers id realpath sudo
+
+reset_case() {
+  export TCC_TEST_MACOS_VERSION=26.6.2 TCC_TEST_AGENT_EXISTS=1
+  export TCC_TEST_LEGACY_EXISTS=1 TCC_TEST_PROTECTED_EXISTS=1 TCC_TEST_OWNER=501
+  export TCC_TEST_EXPECT_LSOF=0 TCC_TEST_LSOF_STATUS=0 TCC_TEST_OPEN_FILES=''
+  : > "$TCC_TEST_ROOT/writes"
+  local database
+  for database in system user; do
+    "$TCC_TEST_SQLITE" "$TCC_TEST_ROOT/$database.db" <<'SQL'
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS access;
+CREATE TABLE access (
+  service TEXT NOT NULL,
+  client_type INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  client TEXT NOT NULL,
+  auth_value INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  auth_reason INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  auth_version INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  indirect_object_identifier_type INTEGER,
+  indirect_object_identifier TEXT NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (service, client, client_type, indirect_object_identifier)
+);
+SQL
+  done
+}
+
+golden_gate_case() {
+  reset_case
+  export TCC_TEST_MACOS_VERSION=27.0 TCC_TEST_EXPECT_LSOF=1
+  # Include an obsolete legacy copy, the system database, a WAL, and duplicate
+  # descriptors. Only the current user's active protected database may win.
+  TCC_TEST_OPEN_FILES=$(printf 'p123\nn%s\nn%s-wal\nn%s\nn%s\nn%s\n' \
+    "$TCC_TEST_SYSTEM_DB" "$TCC_TEST_PROTECTED_DB" "$TCC_TEST_LEGACY_DB" \
+    "$TCC_TEST_PROTECTED_DB" "$TCC_TEST_PROTECTED_DB")
+  export TCC_TEST_OPEN_FILES
+}
+
+assert_equal() {
+  if [[ "$1" != "$2" ]]; then
+    printf 'Expected: %s\nActual: %s\n' "$1" "$2" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+}
+
+expect_success() {
+  local user_database="$1" database expected_writes
+  bash "$script_dir/update-tcc-database.sh"
+  bash "$script_dir/update-tcc-database.sh"
+  expected_writes=$(printf '%s\n%s\n%s\n%s' \
+    "$TCC_TEST_SYSTEM_DB" "$user_database" "$TCC_TEST_SYSTEM_DB" "$user_database")
+  assert_equal "$expected_writes" "$(< "$TCC_TEST_ROOT/writes")"
+  for database in system user; do
+    assert_equal 18 "$("$TCC_TEST_SQLITE" "$TCC_TEST_ROOT/$database.db" 'SELECT count(*) FROM access WHERE auth_value=2;')"
+    assert_equal 4 "$("$TCC_TEST_SQLITE" "$TCC_TEST_ROOT/$database.db" "SELECT count(*) FROM access WHERE client='$TCC_TEST_AGENT' AND client_type=1;")"
+    assert_equal 1 "$("$TCC_TEST_SQLITE" "$TCC_TEST_ROOT/$database.db" "SELECT count(*) FROM access WHERE client='org.python.python' AND service='kTCCServiceMicrophone';")"
+  done
+}
+
+expect_failure() {
+  if bash "$script_dir/update-tcc-database.sh" > "$TCC_TEST_ROOT/output" 2>&1; then
+    echo 'Expected provisioning to fail' >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if [[ -n "$1" ]] && ! grep -Fq "$1" "$TCC_TEST_ROOT/output"; then
+    cat "$TCC_TEST_ROOT/output" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  assert_equal '' "$(< "$TCC_TEST_ROOT/writes")"
+}
+
+reset_case
+expect_success "$TCC_TEST_LEGACY_DB"
+reset_case
+TCC_TEST_MACOS_VERSION=12.7.6
+expect_success "$TCC_TEST_LEGACY_DB"
+golden_gate_case
+expect_success "$TCC_TEST_PROTECTED_DB"
+
+reset_case
+TCC_TEST_LEGACY_EXISTS=0
+expect_failure 'User TCC database does not exist'
+golden_gate_case
+TCC_TEST_LSOF_STATUS=1
+expect_failure 'Unable to inspect the user TCC daemon'
+golden_gate_case
+TCC_TEST_OPEN_FILES="n$TCC_TEST_SYSTEM_DB"
+expect_failure 'Unable to find the active user TCC database'
+golden_gate_case
+TCC_TEST_OPEN_FILES="$TCC_TEST_OPEN_FILES"$'\n'"n${TCC_TEST_PROTECTED_DB/TEST-USER/OTHER-USER}"
+expect_failure 'Found multiple active user TCC databases'
+golden_gate_case
+TCC_TEST_PROTECTED_EXISTS=0
+expect_failure 'User TCC database does not exist'
+golden_gate_case
+TCC_TEST_OWNER=502
+expect_failure 'Unexpected owner for user TCC database'
+golden_gate_case
+TCC_TEST_AGENT_EXISTS=0
+expect_failure ''
+reset_case
+TCC_TEST_MACOS_VERSION=invalid
+expect_failure 'Unexpected macOS version'
+
+echo 'TCC database tests passed'

scripts/update-tcc-database.sh

@@ -12,8 +12,59 @@ source ~/.zprofile
 #
 set -euo pipefail
 
+resolve_user_tcc_database() {
+  local macos_version macos_major user_id open_files line candidate database=""
+  macos_version="$(sw_vers -productVersion)"
+  macos_major="${macos_version%%.*}"
+  case "$macos_major" in
+    ''|*[!0-9]*) echo "Unexpected macOS version: $macos_version" >&2; return 1 ;;
+  esac
+
+  if [[ "$macos_major" -lt 27 ]]; then
+    database="${HOME}/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db"
+  else
+    # macOS 27 moved the user database into a per-user ProtectedSystem
+    # container. Inspect the daemon's open files to avoid using a stale copy.
+    # https://developer.apple.com/documentation/macos-release-notes/macos-27-release-notes#TCC
+    user_id="$(id -u)"
+    if ! open_files="$(sudo lsof -a -u "$user_id" -c tccd -Fn)"; then
+      echo "Unable to inspect the user TCC daemon for UID $user_id" >&2
+      return 1
+    fi
+    while IFS= read -r line; do
+      case "$line" in
+        n/private/var/containers/Data/ProtectedSystem/*/Data/Library/Application\ Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db)
+          candidate="${line#n}"
+          if [[ -n "$database" && "$database" != "$candidate" ]]; then
+            echo "Found multiple active user TCC databases for UID $user_id" >&2
+            return 1
+          fi
+          database="$candidate"
+          ;;
+      esac
+    done <<< "$open_files"
+    if [[ -z "$database" ]]; then
+      echo "Unable to find the active user TCC database for UID $user_id" >&2
+      return 1
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  if ! sudo test -f "$database"; then
+    echo "User TCC database does not exist: $database" >&2
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if [[ "$macos_major" -ge 27 && "$(sudo stat -f %u "$database")" != "$user_id" ]]; then
+    echo "Unexpected owner for user TCC database: $database" >&2
+    return 1
+  fi
+  printf '%s\n' "$database"
+}
+
 update_tcc_database() {
-  sudo sqlite3 "$1" <<-'EOF'
+  local tart_guest_agent_path
+  tart_guest_agent_path="$(realpath /opt/homebrew/bin/tart-guest-agent)"
+
+  sudo sqlite3 "$1" <<-EOF
 	INSERT OR REPLACE
 	INTO access (
 	  service,
@@ -36,12 +87,26 @@ update_tcc_database() {
 	('kTCCServiceScreenCapture', 1, '/usr/bin/osascript', 2, 0, 1, NULL, 'UNUSED'),
 	('kTCCServicePostEvent', 1, '/usr/bin/osascript', 2, 0, 1, NULL, 'UNUSED'),
 	('kTCCServiceAppleEvents', 1, '/usr/bin/osascript', 2, 0, 1, 0, 'com.apple.systemevents'),
-	('kTCCServiceAppleEvents', 1, '/usr/bin/osascript', 2, 0, 1, 0, 'com.apple.Safari');
+	('kTCCServiceAppleEvents', 1, '/usr/bin/osascript', 2, 0, 1, 0, 'com.apple.Safari'),
+	-- Direct Python invocation
+	('kTCCServiceAccessibility', 0, 'org.python.python', 2, 0, 1, NULL, 'UNUSED'),
+	('kTCCServiceScreenCapture', 0, 'org.python.python', 2, 0, 1, NULL, 'UNUSED'),
+	('kTCCServiceMicrophone', 0, 'org.python.python', 2, 0, 1, NULL, 'UNUSED'),
+	('kTCCServicePostEvent', 0, 'org.python.python', 2, 0, 1, NULL, 'UNUSED'),
+	-- Commands invoked through the Tart Guest Agent
+	('kTCCServiceAccessibility', 1, '${tart_guest_agent_path}', 2, 0, 1, NULL, 'UNUSED'),
+	('kTCCServiceScreenCapture', 1, '${tart_guest_agent_path}', 2, 0, 1, NULL, 'UNUSED'),
+	('kTCCServiceMicrophone', 1, '${tart_guest_agent_path}', 2, 0, 1, NULL, 'UNUSED'),
+	('kTCCServicePostEvent', 1, '${tart_guest_agent_path}', 2, 0, 1, NULL, 'UNUSED');
 	EOF
 }
 
+# Resolve the user database before making either update. Never create an empty
+# database at an obsolete path or silently omit user-level grants.
+user_tcc_database="$(resolve_user_tcc_database)"
+
 # Update TCC.db for all users
 update_tcc_database "/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db"
 
 # Update TCC.db for the current user
-update_tcc_database "${HOME}/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db"
+update_tcc_database "$user_tcc_database"

templates/base.pkr.hcl

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ build {
       "brew --version",
       "brew update",
       "brew install wget unzip zip ca-certificates cmake gcc git-lfs jq yq gh gitlab-runner",
-      "brew install buildkite/buildkite/buildkite-agent",
+      "brew install buildkite/buildkite/buildkite-agent@3",
       "brew install equinix-labs/otel-cli/otel-cli",
       "brew install curl || true", // doesn't work on Monterey
       "brew install --cask git-credential-manager",
@@ -121,8 +121,12 @@ build {
       "echo 'export PATH=\"/opt/homebrew/opt/node@24/bin:$PATH\"' >> ~/.zprofile",
       "source ~/.zprofile",
       "node --version",
-      "npm install --global yarn",
+      "npm install --global yarn pnpm",
+      "echo 'export PNPM_HOME=\"$HOME/Library/pnpm\"' >> ~/.zprofile",
+      "echo 'export PATH=\"$PNPM_HOME:$PATH\"' >> ~/.zprofile",
+      "source ~/.zprofile",
       "yarn --version",
+      "pnpm --version",
     ]
   }
   provisioner "shell" {
@@ -151,6 +155,22 @@ build {
     ]
   }
 
+  // Install the process-scoped Metal shim for opt-in workloads.
+  provisioner "shell" {
+    inline = ["mkdir -p ~/tart-metal-capabilities-src"]
+  }
+  provisioner "file" {
+    source      = "data/tart-metal-capabilities/"
+    destination = "~/tart-metal-capabilities-src/"
+  }
+  provisioner "shell" {
+    environment_vars = ["TART_METAL_SOURCE_DIR=/Users/admin/tart-metal-capabilities-src"]
+    script           = "scripts/install-tart-metal-capabilities.sh"
+  }
+  provisioner "shell" {
+    inline = ["rm -rf ~/tart-metal-capabilities-src"]
+  }
+
   // Guest agent for Tart VMs
   provisioner "file" {
     source      = "data/tart-guest-daemon.plist"
@@ -164,7 +184,7 @@ build {
     inline = [
       # Install Tart Guest Agent
       "source ~/.zprofile",
-      "brew install cirruslabs/cli/tart-guest-agent",
+      "brew install openai/tools/tart-guest-agent",
 
       # Install daemon variant of the Tart Guest Agent
       "sudo mv ~/tart-guest-daemon.plist /Library/LaunchDaemons/org.cirruslabs.tart-guest-daemon.plist",

templates/vanilla-golden-gate.pkr.hcl

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+packer {
+  required_plugins {
+    tart = {
+      version = ">= 1.16.0"
+      source  = "github.com/cirruslabs/tart"
+    }
+    ansible = {
+      version = "~> 1"
+      source  = "github.com/hashicorp/ansible"
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+source "tart-cli" "tart" {
+  from_ipsw    = "https://updates.cdn-apple.com/2026FallFCS/afcfc88e-bbe6-44bf-a5da-07c56eebc06c/UniversalMac_27.0_26A428_Restore.ipsw"
+  vm_name      = "golden-gate-vanilla"
+  cpu_count    = 4
+  memory_gb    = 8
+  disk_size_gb = 50
+  disk_format  = "asif"
+  ssh_password = "admin"
+  ssh_username = "admin"
+  ssh_timeout  = "180s"
+  // Requires Tart 2.33.0+ and macOS 27+ on both the host and guest VM
+  run_extra_args = [
+    "--provisioning-opts=${join(",", [
+      "fullName=Managed via Tart",
+      "username=admin",
+      "password=admin",
+      "logsInAutomatically=true",
+      "enablesRemoteLogin=true",
+    ])}",
+  ]
+  boot_command = [
+    # Wait for first-boot provisioning to finish automatic login
+    "<wait120s>",
+    # Enable Keyboard navigation
+    # This is so that we can navigate the System Settings app using the keyboard
+    "<wait10s><leftAltOn><spacebar><leftAltOff>Terminal<wait10s><enter>",
+    "<wait10s><wait10s>defaults write NSGlobalDomain AppleKeyboardUIMode -int 3<enter>",
+    # Disable Gatekeeper (1/2)
+    "<wait10s>sudo spctl --global-disable<enter>",
+    "<wait10s>admin<enter>",
+    # Disable Gatekeeper (2/2)
+    # On Tahoe opening System Settings through Spotlight is not very reliable, sometimes opens System information
+    "<wait10s>open '/System/Applications/System Settings.app'<enter>",
+    # Wait for System Settings to fully open before navigating with the keyboard
+    "<wait120s>",
+    "<wait10s><leftCtrlOn><f2><leftCtrlOff><right><right><right><down>Privacy & Security<enter>",
+    "<wait10s><leftShiftOn><tab><tab><tab><tab><tab><tab><leftShiftOff>",
+    "<wait10s><down><wait1s><down><wait1s><enter>",
+    "<wait10s>admin<enter>",
+    "<wait10s><leftShiftOn><tab><leftShiftOff><wait1s><spacebar>",
+    # Quit System Settings
+    "<wait10s><leftAltOn>q<leftAltOff>",
+    # Refocus Terminal after quitting System Settings
+    "<wait10s><leftAltOn><spacebar><leftAltOff>Terminal<wait10s><enter>",
+    # Sharing is no longer listed in the View menu on Golden Gate
+    "<wait10s>open 'x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.Sharing-Settings.extension'<enter>",
+    # Enable Screen Sharing through the UI to grant the required TCC permissions
+    "<wait10s><tab><tab><tab><tab><tab><tab><spacebar>",
+    # Type in the password to allow enabling Screen Sharing
+    "<wait10s>admin<enter>",
+    # Quit System Settings
+    "<wait10s><leftAltOn>q<leftAltOff>",
+  ]
+
+  // A (hopefully) temporary workaround for Virtualization.Framework's
+  // installation process not fully finishing in a timely manner
+  create_grace_time = "30s"
+
+  // Keep the recovery partition, otherwise it's not possible to "softwareupdate"
+  recovery_partition = "keep"
+}
+
+build {
+  sources = ["source.tart-cli.tart"]
+
+  provisioner "shell" {
+    inline = [
+      // Enable passwordless sudo
+      "echo admin | sudo -S sh -c \"mkdir -p /etc/sudoers.d/; echo 'admin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL' | EDITOR=tee visudo /etc/sudoers.d/admin-nopasswd\"",
+      // Use the same timezone as the previous Setup Assistant flow
+      "sudo systemsetup -settimezone GMT 2>/dev/null",
+      // Disable screensaver at login screen
+      "sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.screensaver loginWindowIdleTime 0",
+      // Disable screensaver for admin user
+      "defaults -currentHost write com.apple.screensaver idleTime 0",
+      // Prevent the VM from sleeping
+      "sudo systemsetup -setsleep Off 2>/dev/null",
+      // Launch Safari to populate the defaults
+      "/Applications/Safari.app/Contents/MacOS/Safari &",
+      "SAFARI_PID=$!",
+      "disown",
+      "sleep 30",
+      "kill -9 $SAFARI_PID",
+      // Enable Safari's remote automation
+      "sudo safaridriver --enable",
+      // Disable screen lock
+      //
+      // Note that this only works if the user is logged-in,
+      // i.e. not on login screen.
+      "sysadminctl -screenLock off -password admin",
+    ]
+  }
+
+  provisioner "shell" {
+    inline = [
+      # Ensure that Gatekeeper is disabled
+      "spctl --status | grep -q 'assessments disabled'",
+      # Ensure that Screen Sharing was enabled
+      "sudo launchctl print system/com.apple.screensharing > /dev/null",
+      # Ensure that FileVault remains disabled by default
+      "sudo fdesetup status | grep -q 'FileVault is Off'",
+    ]
+  }
+}

templates/vanilla-tahoe.pkr.hcl

@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ packer {
     }
     ansible = {
       version = "~> 1"
-      source = "github.com/hashicorp/ansible"
+      source  = "github.com/hashicorp/ansible"
     }
   }
 }
 
 source "tart-cli" "tart" {
-  from_ipsw    = "https://updates.cdn-apple.com/2026SpringFCS/fullrestores/122-58869/DFB1CEEF-5619-4591-9924-E20DB2C8FED0/UniversalMac_26.5_25F71_Restore.ipsw"
+  from_ipsw    = "https://updates.cdn-apple.com/2026SummerFCS/fullrestores/140-75212/A2A24B94-1FC1-45A3-93F7-C51B02AF1F4D/UniversalMac_26.6.2_25G83_Restore.ipsw"
   vm_name      = "tahoe-vanilla"
   cpu_count    = 4
   memory_gb    = 8

templates/xcode.pkr.hcl

@@ -16,39 +16,39 @@ variable "xcode_version" {
 }
 
 variable "additional_ios_builds" {
-  type = list(string)
+  type    = list(string)
   default = []
 }
 
 variable "additional_tvos_builds" {
-  type = list(string)
+  type    = list(string)
   default = []
 }
 
 variable "xcode_components" {
-  type    = list(string)
+  type        = list(string)
-  default = []
+  default     = []
   description = "Additional Xcode components to download."
 }
 
 variable "expected_runtimes_file" {
-  type    = string
+  type        = string
-  default = ""
+  default     = ""
   description = "Path to file containing expected simulator runtimes. If empty, runtime verification is skipped."
 }
 
 variable "tag" {
-  type = string
+  type    = string
   default = ""
 }
 
 variable "disk_size" {
-  type = number
+  type    = number
   default = 140
 }
 
 variable "disk_free_mb" {
-  type = number
+  type    = number
   default = 15000
 }
 
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@ variable "android_sdk_tools_version" {
 }
 
 source "tart-cli" "tart" {
-  vm_base_name = "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-${var.macos_version}-base:latest"
+  // The workflow sizes the VM before boot; only the guest daemon resizes APFS.
+  recovery_partition = "keep"
   // use tag or the last element of the xcode_version list
   vm_name      = "${var.macos_version}-xcode:${var.tag != "" ? var.tag : var.xcode_version[0]}"
   cpu_count    = 4
   memory_gb    = 8
-  disk_size_gb = var.disk_size
   headless     = true
   ssh_password = "admin"
   ssh_username = "admin"
@@ -95,7 +95,15 @@ build {
   sources = ["source.tart-cli.tart"]
 
   provisioner "shell" {
+    // Allow 6 GB for boot/recovery partitions and metadata; Tart uses decimal GB.
     inline = [
+      "minimum_kb=${floor((var.disk_size - 6) * 1000000000 / 1024)}",
+      "for ((attempt = 0; attempt < 60; attempt++)); do",
+      "  size_kb=$(df -k /System/Volumes/Data | awk 'NR == 2 {print $2}')",
+      "  [[ $size_kb -ge $minimum_kb ]] && break",
+      "  sleep 2",
+      "done",
+      "[[ $size_kb -ge $minimum_kb ]] || { echo 'APFS did not expand to ${var.disk_size} GB within 120 seconds.' >&2; exit 1; }",
       "source ~/.zprofile",
       "brew --version",
       "brew update",
@@ -146,7 +154,7 @@ build {
   }
 
   provisioner "file" {
-    sources      = [ for version in var.xcode_version : pathexpand("~/XcodesCache/Xcode_${version}.xip")]
+    sources     = [for version in var.xcode_version : pathexpand("~/XcodesCache/Xcode_${version}.xip")]
     destination = "/Users/admin/Downloads/"
   }
 
@@ -161,7 +169,7 @@ build {
   // select the latest one as the default
   dynamic "provisioner" {
     for_each = local.xcode_install_provisioners
-    labels = ["shell"]
+    labels   = ["shell"]
     content {
       inline = provisioner.value.inline
     }
@@ -169,11 +177,11 @@ build {
 
   dynamic "provisioner" {
     for_each = length(var.xcode_version) > 2 ? [2] : []
-    labels = ["shell"]
+    labels   = ["shell"]
     content {
       inline = [
         "source ~/.zprofile",
-        "sudo xcodes select '${var.xcode_version[2]}'",
+        "sudo xcode-select -s /Applications/Xcode_${var.xcode_version[2]}.app/Contents/Developer",
         "xcodebuild -downloadAllPlatforms",
       ]
     }
@@ -181,24 +189,17 @@ build {
 
   dynamic "provisioner" {
     for_each = length(var.xcode_version) > 1 ? [1] : []
-    labels = ["shell"]
+    labels   = ["shell"]
     content {
       inline = [
         "source ~/.zprofile",
-        "sudo xcodes select '${var.xcode_version[1]}'",
+        "sudo xcode-select -s /Applications/Xcode_${var.xcode_version[1]}.app/Contents/Developer",
         "xcodebuild -downloadAllPlatforms",
       ]
     }
   }
 
-  provisioner "shell" {
+  // Download legacy iOS runtimes before selecting the newest Xcode.
-    inline = [
-      "source ~/.zprofile",
-      "sudo xcodes select '${var.xcode_version[0]}'",
-      "xcodebuild -downloadAllPlatforms",
-    ]
-  }
-
   provisioner "shell" {
     inline = concat(
       ["source ~/.zprofile"],
@@ -208,6 +209,14 @@ build {
     )
   }
 
+  provisioner "shell" {
+    inline = [
+      "source ~/.zprofile",
+      "sudo xcode-select -s /Applications/Xcode_${var.xcode_version[0]}.app/Contents/Developer",
+      "xcodebuild -downloadAllPlatforms",
+    ]
+  }
+
   provisioner "shell" {
     inline = concat(
       ["source ~/.zprofile"],
@@ -232,10 +241,9 @@ build {
       "brew install libimobiledevice ideviceinstaller ios-deploy carthage",
       "brew install xcbeautify swiftformat swiftlint swiftgen licenseplist",
       "brew install mint",
-      "brew tap tuist/tuist",
+      "git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/tuist/homebrew-tuist.git \"$(brew --repository)/Library/Taps/tuist/homebrew-tuist\"",
-      "brew install --formula tuist",
+      "rm -rf \"$(brew --repository)/Library/Taps/tuist/homebrew-tuist/Casks\"",
-      "rbenv install 3.3.10",
+      "tuist_version=$(ruby -ne 'if $_ =~ %r{/download/([^/]+)/}; puts $1; exit; end' \"$(brew --repository)/Library/Taps/tuist/homebrew-tuist/Aliases/tuist\") && brew trust --formula \"tuist/tuist/tuist@$tuist_version\" && brew install --formula \"tuist/tuist/tuist@$tuist_version\"",
-      "rbenv global 3.3.10", # fastlane conflicts with 3.4.0+ https://github.com/fastlane/fastlane/issues/29527
       "gem update",
       "gem install fastlane",
       "gem install cocoapods",
@@ -247,7 +255,7 @@ build {
   // Copy expected runtimes file if provided
   dynamic "provisioner" {
     for_each = var.expected_runtimes_file != "" ? [1] : []
-    labels = ["file"]
+    labels   = ["file"]
     content {
       source      = var.expected_runtimes_file
       destination = "/Users/admin/runtimes.expected.txt"
@@ -257,7 +265,7 @@ build {
   // Verify simulator runtimes match expected list if file was provided
   dynamic "provisioner" {
     for_each = var.expected_runtimes_file != "" ? [1] : []
-    labels = ["shell"]
+    labels   = ["shell"]
     content {
       inline = [
         "source ~/.zprofile",