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136 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
136 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Setting up Wi-Fi
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description: Learn how to configure a Wi-Fi connection on your PiKVM to one or multiple networks
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---
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!!! tip
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* There is nothing more reliable than wired Ethernet, so it's better to use it. Wi-Fi with the steel case (on PiKVM V3 and V4) results in poor performance. But who are we to stop you... :)
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* Devices based on Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W does not support 5GHz Wi-Fi.
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The following describes how to setup a Wi-Fi connection. We recommend to
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do this while having a display and keyboard or a serial console
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connected directly to the Raspberry Pi as you will loose network
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connectivity once you connect to a Wi-Fi. Alternatively you can connect
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to the PiKVM via SSH. The built-in Web Terminal (available through the
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browser) should also work.
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!!! warning "Take a look at the easiest way"
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This guide describes how to manually set up a Wi-Fi. An easier way is to use [On-boot config](on_boot_config.md).
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It is also mandatory for Zero 2 W board.
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-----
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## Setting up Wi-Fi manually
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1. Make filesystem writable using the `rw` command.
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2. Create the Wi-Fi settings file `/etc/systemd/network/wlan0.network` with the following content:
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```ini
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[Match]
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Name=wlan0
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[Network]
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DHCP=yes
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DNSSEC=no
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[DHCP]
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ClientIdentifier=mac
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RouteMetric=50
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```
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3. Set network ESSID and password:
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```console
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[root@pikvm ~]# wpa_passphrase 'MyNetwork' 'P@assw0rd' > /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
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[root@pikvm ~]# chmod 640 /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
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```
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!!! note "WPA2 and WPA3 support"
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Add options `key_mgmt=WPA-PSK-SHA256 WPA-PSK` and `ieee80211w=1` to `/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf`
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!!! note "Using Wi-Fi with hidden ESSID"
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Add option `scan_ssid=1` to `/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf`
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!!! note "Using 5GHz Wi-Fi in the USA"
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Add option `country=US` to `/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf`
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!!! note "Block 2ghz or 5ghz"
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Add option `bssid=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx` to `/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf` within the `network={` block
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5. Enable WPA-supplicant service:
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```console
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[root@pikvm ~]# systemctl enable wpa_supplicant@wlan0.service
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```
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6. Make filesystem read-only again using `ro` command
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-----
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## Multiple Wi-Fi networks
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You can configure PiKVM to connect to one of several known Wi-Fi networks.
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To do this, just simply add the configuration of these networks.
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Pay attention to the symbol `>>`, it is used to append at the end of configuration,
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while a single `>` will overwrite the entire configuration.
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1. Make the filesystem writeble with `rw` command.
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2. Add some new networks:
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```console
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[root@pikvm ~]# wpa_passphrase 'Wifi1' 'P@assw0rd' >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
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[root@pikvm ~]# wpa_passphrase 'Wifi2' 'P@assw0rd' >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
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[root@pikvm ~]# wpa_passphrase 'Wifi3' 'P@assw0rd' >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
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```
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3. Restart the service: `systemctl restart wpa_supplicant@wlan0.service`.
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4. Make the filesystem read-only again using `ro` command
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-----
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## Antenna on PiKVM V4
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PiKVM V4 has a robust metal case that protects your device from physical damage and electromagnetic interference.
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This also means that an external antenna must be used for Wi-Fi. We recommend the official Antenna Kit for Raspberry Pi.
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To install the antenna, fix it in the round hole in the back side of the PiKVM, and plug the wire to the connector
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on the Compute Module 4.
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Next, to activate the antenna, add line `dtparam=ant2` to the `/boot/config.txt` file on PiKVM, and perform `reboot`.
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-----
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## Useful console commands
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* `iwconfig` - Manipulate the basic wireless parameters.
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* `iwlist` - Allow's you to initiate scanning and list frequencies, bit-rates, encryption keys, etc.
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* `iwspy` - Displays per node link quality.
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* `iwpriv` - Allow's you to manipulate the Wireless Extensions specific to a driver (private).
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??? example "Some examples"
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```console
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[root@pikvm ~]# iw dev wlan0 scan | egrep "signal:|SSID:" | sed -e "s/\tsignal: //" -e "s/\tSSID: //" | awk '{ORS = (NR % 2 == 0)? "\n" : " "; print}' | sort
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```
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```console
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[root@pikvm ~]# iwlist wlan0 scan | egrep "Cell|ESSID|Signal|Rates"
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```
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```console
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[root@pikvm ~]# iwlist wlan0 scan
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```
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```console
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[root@pikvm ~]# iw wlan0 info
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```
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-----
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## Additional resources
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* [Arch Linux Wiki for systemd-networkd](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/systemd-networkd)
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