cmake : update semver handling to be consistent with ggml/llama.cpp

This commit modifies the semantic version handling to be consistent with
how llama.cpp and ggml handle semver.

This commit introdues a new example named test-cmake which is intended
to be used to test the cmake configuration and installation.

examples/test-cmake/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+whisper-build-install
+install
+build

examples/test-cmake/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)
+project(whisper-simple)
+
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
+
+# request a version that is satisfied by both dev (1.9.2-dev) and release (1.9.2) installs
+# (find_package does not accept a pre-release version as an argument)
+find_package(whisper 1.9.2 REQUIRED)
+
+add_executable(test-cmake test-cmake.cpp)
+
+target_link_libraries(test-cmake PRIVATE whisper)
+
+target_compile_definitions(test-cmake PRIVATE
+    WHISPER_BUILD_NUMBER=${WHISPER_BUILD_NUMBER}
+    WHISPER_BUILD_COMMIT="${WHISPER_BUILD_COMMIT}"
+)

examples/test-cmake/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+## cmake-test
+
+This is just for manually testing/developing of a whisper.cpp installation to
+enable troubleshooting issues and exploration. The idea is that this can be used
+after making changes to whisper.cpp installation cmake configuration and then
+verify it locally.
+
+### Usage
+The following will configure, build, and install whisper.cpp
+
+Configuring/build/install:
+```console
+./build-install.sh
+```
+The above command will create a directory named `install` in the current directory
+which will have the following files in its lib directory:
+```console
+$ ls install/lib/
+cmake                   libggml-base.so         libggml.so                libparakeet.so          libwhisper.so
+libggml-base.so.0       libggml-base.so.0.20.0  libggml.so.0              libparakeet.so.1        libwhisper.so.1
+libggml-cpu.so          libggml.so.0.20.0       libggml.so.0.20.0         libparakeet.so.1.9.2    libwhisper.so.1.9.2
+libggml-cpu.so.0        pkgconfig               libparakeet.so            libwhisper.so
+```
+
+Build/run this project using the installation created above:
+```console
+$ ./build.sh
+-- The C compiler identification is GNU 13.3.0
+-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 13.3.0
+-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
+-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
+-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
+-- Configuring done (0.1s)
+-- Generating done (0.0s)
+-- Build files have been written to: /path/to/whisper.cpp/examples/test-cmake/build
+[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test-cmake.dir/test-cmake.cpp.o
+[100%] Linking CXX executable test-cmake
+[100%] Built target test-cmake
+[test-cmake] version: 1.9.2-dev, build: 4925 (1fe009ca)
+```

examples/test-cmake/build-install.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+build_dir=whisper-build-install
+install_dir=install
+
+rm -rf ${build_dir} ${install_dir}
+
+cmake -S ../../. -B ${build_dir} -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+  -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON \
+  -DWHISPER_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
+  -DWHISPER_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
+  -DWHISPER_BUILD_SERVER=OFF \
+  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="${PWD}/${install_dir}"
+
+cmake --build ${build_dir} --parallel 12
+cmake --install ${build_dir}

examples/test-cmake/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+cmake -S . -B build -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="${PWD}/install"
+cmake --build build
+
+LD_LIBRARY_PATH="${PWD}/install/lib${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH}" ./build/test-cmake

examples/test-cmake/test-cmake.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include "whisper.h"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+int main(void) {
+    printf("[test-cmake] version: %s, build: %d (%s)\n",
+           whisper_version(), WHISPER_BUILD_NUMBER, WHISPER_BUILD_COMMIT);
+    return 0;
+}