ruby: use CMake in build process (#3043)

* Use CMake to build shared object

* Make Rakefile follow change of build process

* Add test for packaging

* Run CI for Ruby bindings almost always

because each CMakeLists.txt might affect Ruby bindings

* Enable PIC

* Bump Ruby version to 3.2 on CI

* Check libgomp

* Check dependency of whisper.cpp accurately

bindings/ruby/.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 LICENSE
 pkg/
 lib/whisper.*
+ext/sources/*
+!ext/sources/CMakeGraphVizOptions.cmake
+ext/mkmf.log