integration-tests: use HttpWaitStrategy

Use URL's .path property instead of .path() method when removing stale
control sockets in ControlSocket.run(). The .path() method returns only
the relative component ('control.sock') while .path resolves to the
full absolute path. Since the cwd change happens after the cleanup,
removeItem silently failed to find the socket.

Add unit tests verifying controlSocketURL resolves correctly for both
absolute cleanup and relative binding use cases.

Fixes: https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/issues/1220

.cirrus.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use_compute_credits: true
 
 task:
-  name: Test on Sonoma
+  name: Test
   alias: test
   persistent_worker:
     labels:
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ task:
   build_script:
     - swift build
   test_script:
+    # Add /usr/sbin to PATH, otherwise testDiskutilInfo() fails to locate "diskutil"
+    - export PATH=$PATH:/usr/sbin
     - swift test
   integration_test_script:
     - codesign --sign - --entitlements Resources/tart-dev.entitlements --force .build/debug/tart
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@ task:
     - source venv/bin/activate
     - pip install -r requirements.txt
     - pytest --verbose --junit-xml=pytest-junit.xml
+    - go test -v ./...
   pytest_junit_result_artifacts:
     path: "integration-tests/pytest-junit.xml"
     format: junit
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ task:
   name: Lint
   alias: lint
   macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sonoma
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:tahoe
   lint_script:
     - swift package plugin --allow-writing-to-package-directory swiftformat --cache ignore --lint --report swiftformat.json .
   always:
@@ -54,7 +57,7 @@ task:
   name: Build ($BUILD_ARCH)
   alias: build
   macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sonoma
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:tahoe
   build_script: swift build --arch $BUILD_ARCH --product tart
   sign_script: codesign --sign - --entitlements Resources/tart-dev.entitlements --force .build/$BUILD_ARCH-apple-macosx/debug/tart
   binary_artifacts:
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@ task:
     - lint
     - build
   macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sonoma
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:tahoe
   env:
     MACOS_CERTIFICATE: ENCRYPTED[552b9d275d1c2bdbc1bff778b104a8f9a53cbd0d59344d4b7f6d0ca3c811a5cefb97bef9ba0ef31c219cb07bdacdd2c2]
     AC_PASSWORD: ENCRYPTED[4a761023e7e06fe2eb350c8b6e8e7ca961af193cb9ba47605f25f1d353abc3142606f412e405be48fd897a78787ea8c2]
@@ -83,8 +86,9 @@ task:
     - security set-key-partition-list -S apple-tool:,apple:,codesign: -s -k password101 build.keychain
     - xcrun notarytool store-credentials "notarytool" --apple-id "hello@cirruslabs.org" --team-id "9M2P8L4D89" --password $AC_PASSWORD
   install_script:
-    - brew install go goreleaser/tap/goreleaser-pro
+    - brew install go
     - brew install mitchellh/gon/gon
+    - brew install --cask goreleaser/tap/goreleaser-pro
   info_script:
     - security find-identity -v
     - xcodebuild -version
@@ -99,10 +103,9 @@ task:
   only_if: $CIRRUS_TAG != ''
   depends_on:
     - lint
-    - test
     - build
   macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sonoma
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:tahoe
   env:
     MACOS_CERTIFICATE: ENCRYPTED[552b9d275d1c2bdbc1bff778b104a8f9a53cbd0d59344d4b7f6d0ca3c811a5cefb97bef9ba0ef31c219cb07bdacdd2c2]
     AC_PASSWORD: ENCRYPTED[4a761023e7e06fe2eb350c8b6e8e7ca961af193cb9ba47605f25f1d353abc3142606f412e405be48fd897a78787ea8c2]
@@ -121,8 +124,9 @@ task:
     - security set-key-partition-list -S apple-tool:,apple:,codesign: -s -k password101 build.keychain
     - xcrun notarytool store-credentials "notarytool" --apple-id "hello@cirruslabs.org" --team-id "9M2P8L4D89" --password $AC_PASSWORD
   install_script:
-    - brew install go goreleaser/tap/goreleaser-pro getsentry/tools/sentry-cli
+    - brew install go getsentry/tools/sentry-cli
     - brew install mitchellh/gon/gon
+    - brew install --cask goreleaser/tap/goreleaser-pro
   info_script:
     - security find-identity -v
     - xcodebuild -version
@@ -148,7 +152,7 @@ task:
   name: Deploy Documentation
   only_if: $CIRRUS_BRANCH == 'main'
   container:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/mkdocs-material-insiders:latest
+    image: ghcr.io/squidfunk/mkdocs-material:latest
     registry_config: ENCRYPTED[!cf1a0f25325aa75bad3ce6ebc890bc53eb0044c02efa70d8cefb83ba9766275a994b4831706c52630a0692b2fa9cfb9e!]
   env:
     DEPLOY_TOKEN: ENCRYPTED[!45ed45666558902ed1c2400add734ec063103bec31841847e8c8764802fca229bfa6d85c690e16ad159e047574b48793!]

.editorconfig

@@ -4,3 +4,8 @@ root = true
 indent_style = space
 indent_size = 2
 insert_final_newline = true
+
+[integration-tests/**]
+indent_style = unset
+indent_size = unset
+insert_final_newline = unset

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+name: Build
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  build_cached:
+    name: Build tart (cached)
+    runs-on: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:tahoe
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          export COMPILATION_CACHE_ENABLE_CACHING=YES
+          export COMPILATION_CACHE_REMOTE_SERVICE_PATH="$HOME/.cirruslabs/omni-cache.sock"
+          export COMPILATION_CACHE_ENABLE_PLUGIN=YES
+          export COMPILATION_CACHE_ENABLE_INTEGRATED_QUERIES=YES
+          export COMPILATION_CACHE_ENABLE_DETACHED_KEY_QUERIES=YES
+          export SWIFT_ENABLE_COMPILE_CACHE=YES
+          export SWIFT_ENABLE_EXPLICIT_MODULES=YES
+          export SWIFT_USE_INTEGRATED_DRIVER=YES
+          export CLANG_ENABLE_COMPILE_CACHE=YES
+          export CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES=YES
+          swift build --build-system swiftbuild --product tart
+
+  build_no_cache:
+    name: Build tart (no cache)
+    runs-on: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:tahoe
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - name: Build
+        run: swift build --build-system swiftbuild --product tart

.gitignore

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ tart.xcodeproj/
 # AppCode
 .idea/
 
+# VS Code
+.vscode/
+
 # Swift
 .build/
 

.goreleaser.yml

@@ -25,20 +25,26 @@ universal_binaries:
   - name_template: tart.app/Contents/MacOS/tart
     replace: true
     hooks:
-      post: gon gon.hcl
+      post:
+        - mkdir -p dist/tart_darwin_all/tart.app/Contents/Resources
+        - cp Resources/embedded.provisionprofile dist/tart_darwin_all/tart.app/Contents/
+        - cp Resources/Info.plist dist/tart_darwin_all/tart.app/Contents/
+        - cp "Resources/actool/UPW Tart.icns" "Resources/actool/Assets.car" dist/tart_darwin_all/tart.app/Contents/Resources/
+        - gon gon.hcl
 
 archives:
   - name_template: "{{ .ProjectName }}"
     files:
-      - src: Resources/embedded.provisionprofile
+      - src: dist/tart_darwin_all/tart.app/Contents/Info.plist
-        dst: tart.app/Contents
+        dst: tart.app/Contents/Info.plist
-        strip_parent: true
+      - src: dist/tart_darwin_all/tart.app/Contents/embedded.provisionprofile
-      - src: Resources/Info.plist
+        dst: tart.app/Contents/embedded.provisionprofile
-        dst: tart.app/Contents
+      - src: dist/tart_darwin_all/tart.app/Contents/Resources/UPW Tart.icns
-        strip_parent: true
+        dst: tart.app/Contents/Resources/UPW Tart.icns
-      - src: Resources/AppIcon.png
+      - src: dist/tart_darwin_all/tart.app/Contents/Resources/Assets.car
-        dst: tart.app/Contents/Resources
+        dst: tart.app/Contents/Resources/Assets.car
-        strip_parent: true
+      - src: dist/tart_darwin_all/tart.app/Contents/_CodeSignature/CodeResources
+        dst: tart.app/Contents/_CodeSignature/CodeResources
       - LICENSE
 
 release:
@@ -65,6 +71,8 @@ brews:
     install: |
       libexec.install Dir["*"]
       bin.write_exec_script "#{libexec}/tart.app/Contents/MacOS/tart"
-      generate_completions_from_executable(libexec/"tart.app/Contents/MacOS/tart", "--generate-completion-script")
     custom_block: |
       depends_on :macos => :ventura
+      def post_install
+        generate_completions_from_executable(libexec/"tart.app/Contents/MacOS/tart", "--generate-completion-script")
+      end

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ Table of Contents
 
 1. Code should follow camel case
 2. Code should follow [SwiftFormat](https://github.com/nicklockwood/SwiftFormat#swift-package-manager-plugin) guidelines. You can auto-format the code by running the following command:
+
 ```bash
 swift package plugin --allow-writing-to-package-directory swiftformat --cache ignore .
 ```

PROFILING.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Perhaps, the easiest, but not the most comprehensive way to tell what's going on
 In the example below, you will run `tart pull` via `time(1)` to gather generalized CPU, I/O and memory usage metrics:
 
 ```shell
-/usr/bin/time -l tart pull ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sequoia-base:latest
+/usr/bin/time -l tart pull ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-tahoe-base:latest
 ```
 
 **Note:** you need to specify a full path to `time(1)` binary, otherwise the shell's built-in `time` command will be invoked, which doesn't have the `-l` command-line argument.
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ To use it, make sure that [Xcode](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/resources/)
 Once done, you can create a CPU profile of `tart pull`:
 
 ```shell
-xctrace record --template "CPU Profiler" --target-stdout - --launch -- /opt/homebrew/bin/tart pull ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sequoia-base:latest
+xctrace record --template "CPU Profiler" --target-stdout - --launch -- /opt/homebrew/bin/tart pull ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-tahoe-base:latest
 ```
 
 Now that `xctrace(1)` is running, you'll see the `tart pull`-related output first, and once finished, the following line will appear:

Package.resolved

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "originHash" : "22b3726bc4e4c6e9c04ac97cb08a82967feb39960a93d2909768a16e11576748",
+  "originHash" : "061dfe6cdf4e6dbf32b51c5e7023c4ae69726dcafb42a35b34e5489b0338c17f",
   "pins" : [
     {
       "identity" : "antlr4",
@@ -10,6 +10,24 @@
         "version" : "4.13.2"
       }
     },
+    {
+      "identity" : "cirruslabs_tart-guest-agent_apple_swift",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://buf.build/gen/swift/git/1.33.3-20260114140118-bd09c26a260f.1/cirruslabs_tart-guest-agent_apple_swift.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "5c49a653f4b003161077d194bc708b7373628c99",
+        "version" : "1.33.3-20260114140118-bd09c26a260f.1"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "cirruslabs_tart-guest-agent_grpc_swift",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://buf.build/gen/swift/git/1.27.1-20260114140118-bd09c26a260f.1/cirruslabs_tart-guest-agent_grpc_swift.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "branch" : "main",
+        "revision" : "4935078c2fe2508360843596d71a1f844ce639a6"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "identity" : "dynamic",
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
@@ -19,6 +37,42 @@
         "revision" : "772883073d044bc754d401cabb6574624eb3778f"
       }
     },
+    {
+      "identity" : "grpc-swift",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-swift.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "8f57f68b9d247fe3759fa9f18e1fe919911e6031",
+        "version" : "1.27.1"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "opentelemetry-swift",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-swift",
+      "state" : {
+        "branch" : "main",
+        "revision" : "ed37be9525081509ab62410d38b705c2b3f0d5a4"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "opentelemetry-swift-core",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-swift-core.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "240c8d5e36c3c7b774ed961325369f0b1f2c965f",
+        "version" : "2.3.0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "opentracing-objc",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/undefinedlabs/opentracing-objc",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "18c1a35ca966236cee0c5a714a51a73ff33384c1",
+        "version" : "0.5.2"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "identity" : "semaphore",
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
@@ -28,15 +82,6 @@
         "version" : "0.1.0"
       }
     },
-    {
-      "identity" : "sentry-cocoa",
-      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
-      "location" : "https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-cocoa",
-      "state" : {
-        "revision" : "5575af93efb776414f243e93d6af9f6258dc539a",
-        "version" : "8.36.0"
-      }
-    },
     {
       "identity" : "swift-algorithms",
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
@@ -51,8 +96,8 @@
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
       "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-argument-parser",
       "state" : {
-        "revision" : "41982a3656a71c768319979febd796c6fd111d5c",
+        "revision" : "309a47b2b1d9b5e991f36961c983ecec72275be3",
-        "version" : "1.5.0"
+        "version" : "1.6.1"
       }
     },
     {
@@ -60,8 +105,35 @@
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
       "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-atomics.git",
       "state" : {
-        "revision" : "cd142fd2f64be2100422d658e7411e39489da985",
+        "revision" : "b601256eab081c0f92f059e12818ac1d4f178ff7",
-        "version" : "1.2.0"
+        "version" : "1.3.0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "swift-collections",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-collections.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "671108c96644956dddcd89dd59c203dcdb36cec7",
+        "version" : "1.1.4"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "swift-http-structured-headers",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-http-structured-headers.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "db6eea3692638a65e2124990155cd220c2915903",
+        "version" : "1.3.0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "swift-http-types",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-http-types.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "a0a57e949a8903563aba4615869310c0ebf14c03",
+        "version" : "1.4.0"
       }
     },
     {
@@ -69,8 +141,62 @@
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
       "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-log.git",
       "state" : {
-        "revision" : "9cb486020ebf03bfa5b5df985387a14a98744537",
+        "revision" : "2778fd4e5a12a8aaa30a3ee8285f4ce54c5f3181",
-        "version" : "1.6.1"
+        "version" : "1.9.1"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "swift-metrics",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-metrics.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "0743a9364382629da3bf5677b46a2c4b1ce5d2a6",
+        "version" : "2.7.1"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "swift-nio",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-nio.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "233f61bc2cfbb22d0edeb2594da27a20d2ce514e",
+        "version" : "2.93.0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "swift-nio-extras",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-nio-extras.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "f1f6f772198bee35d99dd145f1513d8581a54f2c",
+        "version" : "1.26.0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "swift-nio-http2",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-nio-http2.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "4281466512f63d1bd530e33f4aa6993ee7864be0",
+        "version" : "1.36.0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "swift-nio-ssl",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-nio-ssl.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "4b38f35946d00d8f6176fe58f96d83aba64b36c7",
+        "version" : "2.31.0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "swift-nio-transport-services",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-nio-transport-services.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "cd1e89816d345d2523b11c55654570acd5cd4c56",
+        "version" : "1.24.0"
       }
     },
     {
@@ -82,6 +208,15 @@
         "version" : "1.0.2"
       }
     },
+    {
+      "identity" : "swift-protobuf",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-protobuf.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "c169a5744230951031770e27e475ff6eefe51f9d",
+        "version" : "1.33.3"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "identity" : "swift-retry",
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
@@ -100,6 +235,15 @@
         "version" : "1.8.0"
       }
     },
+    {
+      "identity" : "swift-system",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-system.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "a34201439c74b53f0fd71ef11741af7e7caf01e1",
+        "version" : "1.4.2"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "identity" : "swift-xattr",
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
@@ -144,6 +288,15 @@
         "branch" : "master",
         "revision" : "e03289289155b4e7aa565e32862f9cb42140596a"
       }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "thrift-swift",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/undefinedlabs/Thrift-Swift",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "18ff09e6b30e589ed38f90a1af23e193b8ecef8e",
+        "version" : "1.1.2"
+      }
     }
   ],
   "version" : 3

Package.swift

@@ -10,20 +10,24 @@ let package = Package(
     .executable(name: "tart", targets: ["tart"])
   ],
   dependencies: [
-    .package(url: "https://github.com/apple/swift-argument-parser", from: "1.3.1"),
+    .package(url: "https://github.com/apple/swift-argument-parser", from: "1.6.1"),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/mhdhejazi/Dynamic", branch: "master"),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/apple/swift-algorithms", from: "1.2.0"),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/malcommac/SwiftDate", from: "7.0.0"),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/antlr/antlr4", exact: "4.13.2"),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/apple/swift-atomics.git", .upToNextMajor(from: "1.2.0")),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/nicklockwood/SwiftFormat", from: "0.53.6"),
-    .package(url: "https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-cocoa", from: "8.36.0"),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/cfilipov/TextTable", branch: "master"),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/sersoft-gmbh/swift-sysctl.git", from: "1.8.0"),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/orchetect/SwiftRadix", from: "1.3.1"),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/groue/Semaphore", from: "0.0.8"),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/fumoboy007/swift-retry", from: "0.2.3"),
     .package(url: "https://github.com/jozefizso/swift-xattr", from: "3.0.0"),
+    .package(url: "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-swift.git", .upToNextMajor(from: "1.27.0")),
+    .package(url: "https://buf.build/gen/swift/git/1.27.1-20260114140118-bd09c26a260f.1/cirruslabs_tart-guest-agent_grpc_swift.git", branch: "main"),
+    .package(url: "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-swift", branch: "main"),
+    .package(url: "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-swift-core", from: "2.3.0"),
+
   ],
   targets: [
     .executableTarget(name: "tart", dependencies: [
@@ -33,13 +37,18 @@ let package = Package(
       .product(name: "SwiftDate", package: "SwiftDate"),
       .product(name: "Antlr4Static", package: "Antlr4"),
       .product(name: "Atomics", package: "swift-atomics"),
-      .product(name: "Sentry", package: "sentry-cocoa"),
       .product(name: "TextTable", package: "TextTable"),
       .product(name: "Sysctl", package: "swift-sysctl"),
       .product(name: "SwiftRadix", package: "SwiftRadix"),
       .product(name: "Semaphore", package: "Semaphore"),
       .product(name: "DMRetry", package: "swift-retry"),
       .product(name: "XAttr", package: "swift-xattr"),
+      .product(name: "GRPC", package: "grpc-swift"),
+      .product(name: "Cirruslabs_TartGuestAgent_Grpc_Swift", package: "cirruslabs_tart-guest-agent_grpc_swift"),
+      .product(name: "OpenTelemetryApi", package: "opentelemetry-swift-core"),
+      .product(name: "OpenTelemetrySdk", package: "opentelemetry-swift-core"),
+      .product(name: "OpenTelemetryProtocolExporterHTTP", package: "opentelemetry-swift"),
+      .product(name: "ResourceExtension", package: "opentelemetry-swift"),
     ], exclude: [
       "OCI/Reference/Makefile",
       "OCI/Reference/Reference.g4",

README.md

@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ Try running a Tart VM on your Apple Silicon device running macOS 13.0 (Ventura)
 
 ```bash
 brew install cirruslabs/cli/tart
-tart clone ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sonoma-base:latest sonoma-base
+tart clone ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-tahoe-base:latest tahoe-base
-tart run sonoma-base
+tart run tahoe-base
 ```
 
 Please check the [official documentation](https://tart.run) for more information and/or feel free to use [discussions](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/discussions)

Resources/Info.plist

@@ -7,19 +7,23 @@
 	<key>CFBundleDisplayName</key>
 	<string>Tart</string>
 	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
-	<string>org.cirruslabs.tart</string>
+	<string>com.github.cirruslabs.tart</string>
 	<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
 	<string>tart</string>
-  <key>LSApplicationCategoryType</key>
+	<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
-  <string>public.app-category.developer-tools</string>
+	<string>APPL</string>
-	<key>CFBundleIconFiles</key>
+	<key>LSApplicationCategoryType</key>
-	<array>
+	<string>public.app-category.developer-tools</string>
-		<string>AppIcon.png</string>
+	<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
-	</array>
+	<string>UPW Tart</string>
+	<key>CFBundleIconName</key>
+	<string>UPW Tart</string>
 	<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
 	<dict>
 		<key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
 		<true/>
 	</dict>
+  <key>NSLocalNetworkUsageDescription</key>
+  <string>Access to OCI registries on the local network</string>
 </dict>
 </plist>

Resources/UPW Tart.icon/icon.json

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+{
+  "fill" : "automatic",
+  "groups" : [
+    {
+      "blend-mode" : "normal",
+      "blur-material" : 0.5,
+      "layers" : [
+        {
+          "hidden" : false,
+          "image-name-specializations" : [
+            {
+              "value" : "4.4-–-layer.png"
+            },
+            {
+              "idiom" : "square",
+              "value" : "UPW Tart L4.png"
+            }
+          ],
+          "name" : "UPW Tart L4"
+        }
+      ],
+      "opacity" : 1,
+      "shadow" : {
+        "kind" : "neutral",
+        "opacity" : 1
+      },
+      "specular" : true,
+      "translucency" : {
+        "enabled" : true,
+        "value" : 0.25
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "layers" : [
+        {
+          "image-name-specializations" : [
+            {
+              "value" : "3.3-–-layer.png"
+            },
+            {
+              "idiom" : "square",
+              "value" : "UPW Tart L3.png"
+            }
+          ],
+          "name" : "UPW Tart L3",
+          "position-specializations" : [
+            {
+              "idiom" : "square",
+              "value" : {
+                "scale" : 1,
+                "translation-in-points" : [
+                  0,
+                  0
+                ]
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "shadow" : {
+        "kind" : "none",
+        "opacity" : 1
+      },
+      "specular" : false,
+      "translucency" : {
+        "enabled" : true,
+        "value" : 0.25
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "blur-material" : null,
+      "layers" : [
+        {
+          "image-name-specializations" : [
+            {
+              "value" : "2.2-–-layer.png"
+            },
+            {
+              "idiom" : "square",
+              "value" : "UPW Tart L2.png"
+            }
+          ],
+          "name" : "UPW Tart L2"
+        }
+      ],
+      "position-specializations" : [
+        {
+          "idiom" : "square",
+          "value" : {
+            "scale" : 1,
+            "translation-in-points" : [
+              0,
+              0
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "shadow" : {
+        "kind" : "none",
+        "opacity" : 1
+      },
+      "specular" : true,
+      "translucency" : {
+        "enabled" : true,
+        "value" : 0.25
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "layers" : [
+        {
+          "image-name-specializations" : [
+            {
+              "value" : "1.1-–-layer.png"
+            },
+            {
+              "idiom" : "square",
+              "value" : "UPW Tart L1.png"
+            }
+          ],
+          "name" : "UPW Tart L1"
+        }
+      ],
+      "shadow" : {
+        "kind" : "layer-color",
+        "opacity" : 0.5
+      },
+      "specular" : true,
+      "translucency" : {
+        "enabled" : true,
+        "value" : 0.25
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "supported-platforms" : {
+    "circles" : [
+      "watchOS"
+    ],
+    "squares" : "shared"
+  }
+}

Resources/actool/Info.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
+	<string>UPW Tart</string>
+	<key>CFBundleIconName</key>
+	<string>UPW Tart</string>
+</dict>
+</plist>

Sources/tart/Commands/Clone.swift

@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ struct Clone: AsyncParsableCommand {
   @Flag(help: .hidden)
   var deduplicate: Bool = false
 
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("limit automatic pruning to n gigabytes", valueName: "n"))
+  var pruneLimit: UInt = 100
+
   func validate() throws {
     if newName.contains("/") {
       throw ValidationError("<new-name> should be a local name")
@@ -42,8 +45,8 @@ struct Clone: AsyncParsableCommand {
   }
 
   func run() async throws {
-    let ociStorage = VMStorageOCI()
+    let ociStorage = try VMStorageOCI()
-    let localStorage = VMStorageLocal()
+    let localStorage = try VMStorageLocal()
 
     if let remoteName = try? RemoteName(sourceName), !ociStorage.exists(remoteName) {
       // Pull the VM in case it's OCI-based and doesn't exist locally yet
@@ -76,8 +79,10 @@ struct Clone: AsyncParsableCommand {
       //
       // So, once we clone the VM let's try to claim the rest of space for the VM to run without errors.
       let unallocatedBytes = try sourceVM.sizeBytes() - sourceVM.allocatedSizeBytes()
-      if unallocatedBytes > 0 {
+      // Avoid reclaiming an excessive amount of disk space.
-        try Prune.reclaimIfNeeded(UInt64(unallocatedBytes), sourceVM)
+      let reclaimBytes = min(unallocatedBytes, Int(pruneLimit) * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
+      if reclaimBytes > 0 {
+        try Prune.reclaimIfNeeded(UInt64(reclaimBytes), sourceVM)
       }
     }, onCancel: {
       try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: tmpVMDir.baseURL)

Sources/tart/Commands/Create.swift

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ struct Create: AsyncParsableCommand {
   @Argument(help: "VM name")
   var name: String
 
-  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("create a macOS VM using path to the IPSW file or URL (or \"latest\", to fetch the latest supported IPSW automatically)", valueName: "path"))
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("create a macOS VM using path to the IPSW file or URL (or \"latest\", to fetch the latest supported IPSW automatically)", valueName: "path"), completion: .file())
   var fromIPSW: String?
 
   @Flag(help: "create a Linux VM")
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ struct Create: AsyncParsableCommand {
   @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Disk size in GB"))
   var diskSize: UInt16 = 50
 
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Disk image format", discussion: "ASIF format provides better performance but requires macOS 26 Tahoe or later"))
+  var diskFormat: DiskImageFormat = .raw
+
   func validate() throws {
     if fromIPSW == nil && !linux {
       throw ValidationError("Please specify either a --from-ipsw or --linux option!")
@@ -28,6 +31,11 @@ struct Create: AsyncParsableCommand {
         throw ValidationError("Only Linux VMs are supported on Intel!")
       }
     #endif
+
+    // Validate disk format support
+    if !diskFormat.isSupported {
+      throw ValidationError("Disk format '\(diskFormat.rawValue)' is not supported on this system.")
+    }
   }
 
   func run() async throws {
@@ -58,12 +66,12 @@ struct Create: AsyncParsableCommand {
             ipswURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: NSString(string: fromIPSW).expandingTildeInPath)
           }
 
-          _ = try await VM(vmDir: tmpVMDir, ipswURL: ipswURL, diskSizeGB: diskSize)
+          _ = try await VM(vmDir: tmpVMDir, ipswURL: ipswURL, diskSizeGB: diskSize, diskFormat: diskFormat)
         }
       #endif
 
       if linux {
-        _ = try await VM.linux(vmDir: tmpVMDir, diskSizeGB: diskSize)
+        _ = try await VM.linux(vmDir: tmpVMDir, diskSizeGB: diskSize, diskFormat: diskFormat)
       }
 
       try VMStorageLocal().move(name, from: tmpVMDir)

Sources/tart/Commands/Exec.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+import ArgumentParser
+import Foundation
+import NIOPosix
+import GRPC
+import Cirruslabs_TartGuestAgent_Grpc_Swift
+
+struct ExecCustomExitCodeError: Error {
+  let exitCode: Int32
+}
+
+struct Exec: AsyncParsableCommand {
+  static var configuration = CommandConfiguration(abstract: "Execute a command in a running VM", discussion: """
+  Requires Tart Guest Agent running in a guest VM.
+
+  Note that all non-vanilla Cirrus Labs VM images already have the Tart Guest Agent installed.
+  """)
+
+  @Flag(name: [.customShort("i")], help: "Attach host's standard input to a remote command")
+  var interactive: Bool = false
+
+  @Flag(name: [.customShort("t")], help: "Allocate a remote pseudo-terminal (PTY)")
+  var tty: Bool = false
+
+  @Argument(help: "VM name", completion: .custom(completeLocalMachines))
+  var name: String
+
+  @Argument(parsing: .captureForPassthrough, help: "Command to execute")
+  var command: [String]
+
+  func run() async throws {
+    // We only have withThrowingDiscardingTaskGroup available starting from macOS 14
+    if #unavailable(macOS 14) {
+      throw RuntimeError.Generic("\"tart exec\" is only available on macOS 14 (Sonoma) or newer")
+    }
+
+    // Open VM's directory
+    let vmDir = try VMStorageLocal().open(name)
+
+    // Ensure that the VM is running
+    if try !vmDir.running() {
+      throw RuntimeError.VMNotRunning(name)
+    }
+
+    // Create a gRPC channel connected to the VM's control socket
+    let group = MultiThreadedEventLoopGroup(numberOfThreads: 1)
+    defer {
+      try! group.syncShutdownGracefully()
+    }
+
+    // Change the current working directory to a VM's base directory
+    // to work around Unix domain socket 104 byte limitation [1]
+    //
+    // [1]: https://blog.8-p.info/en/2020/06/11/unix-domain-socket-length/
+    if let baseURL = vmDir.controlSocketURL.baseURL {
+      FileManager.default.changeCurrentDirectoryPath(baseURL.path())
+    }
+
+    let channel = try GRPCChannelPool.with(
+      target: .unixDomainSocket(vmDir.controlSocketURL.relativePath),
+      transportSecurity: .plaintext,
+      eventLoopGroup: group,
+    )
+    defer {
+      try! channel.close().wait()
+    }
+
+    // Switch controlling terminal into raw mode when remote pseudo-terminal is requested
+    var state: State? = nil
+
+    if tty && Term.IsTerminal() {
+      state = try Term.MakeRaw()
+    }
+    defer {
+      // Restore terminal to its initial state
+      if let state {
+        try! Term.Restore(state)
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Execute a command in a running VM
+    do {
+      try await execute(channel)
+    } catch let error as GRPCConnectionPoolError {
+      throw RuntimeError.Generic("Failed to connect to the VM using its control socket: \(error.localizedDescription), is the Tart Guest Agent running?")
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func execute(_ channel: GRPCChannel) async throws {
+    let agentAsyncClient = AgentAsyncClient(channel: channel)
+    let execCall = agentAsyncClient.makeExecCall()
+
+    try await execCall.requestStream.send(.with {
+      $0.type = .command(.with {
+        $0.name = command[0]
+        $0.args = Array(command.dropFirst(1))
+        $0.interactive = interactive
+        $0.tty = tty
+        if tty {
+          $0.terminalSize = .with {
+            let (width, height) = try! Term.GetSize()
+
+            $0.cols = UInt32(width)
+            $0.rows = UInt32(height)
+          }
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    // Process command events and optionally send our standard input and/or terminal dimensions
+    try await withThrowingTaskGroup { group in
+      // Stream host's standard input if interactive mode is enabled
+      if interactive {
+        let stdinStream = AsyncThrowingStream<Data, Error> { continuation in
+          let handle = FileHandle.standardInput
+
+          if isRegularFile(handle.fileDescriptor) {
+            // Standard input can be a regular file when input redirection (<) is used,
+            // in which case the handle won't receive any new readability events, so we
+            // just read the file normally here in chunks and consider done with it
+            //
+            // Ideally this is best handled by using non-blocking I/O, but Swift's
+            // standard library only offers inefficient bytes[1] property and SwiftNIO's
+            // NIOFileSystem doesn't seem to support opening raw file descriptors.
+            //
+            // [1]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/filehandle/bytes
+            while true {
+              do {
+                let data = try handle.read(upToCount: 64 * 1024)
+                if let data = data {
+                  continuation.yield(data)
+                } else {
+                  continuation.finish()
+                  break
+                }
+              } catch (let error) {
+                continuation.finish(throwing: error)
+                break
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            handle.readabilityHandler = { handle in
+              let data = handle.availableData
+
+              if data.isEmpty {
+                continuation.finish()
+              } else {
+                continuation.yield(data)
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        group.addTask {
+          for try await stdinData in stdinStream {
+            try await execCall.requestStream.send(.with {
+              $0.type = .standardInput(.with {
+                $0.data = stdinData
+              })
+            })
+          }
+
+          // Signal EOF as we're done reading standard input
+          try await execCall.requestStream.send(.with {
+            $0.type = .standardInput(.with {
+              $0.data = Data()
+            })
+          })
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Stream host's terminal dimensions if pseudo-terminal is requested
+      signal(SIGWINCH, SIG_IGN)
+      let sigwinchSrc = DispatchSource.makeSignalSource(signal: SIGWINCH)
+      sigwinchSrc.activate()
+
+      if tty {
+        let terminalDimensionsStream = AsyncStream { continuation in
+          sigwinchSrc.setEventHandler {
+            continuation.yield(try! Term.GetSize())
+          }
+        }
+
+        group.addTask {
+          for await (width, height) in terminalDimensionsStream {
+            try await execCall.requestStream.send(.with {
+              $0.type = .terminalResize(.with {
+                $0.cols = UInt32(width)
+                $0.rows = UInt32(height)
+              })
+            })
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Process command events
+      group.addTask {
+        for try await response in execCall.responseStream {
+          switch response.type {
+          case .standardOutput(let ioChunk):
+            try FileHandle.standardOutput.write(contentsOf: ioChunk.data)
+          case .standardError(let ioChunk):
+            try FileHandle.standardError.write(contentsOf: ioChunk.data)
+          case .exit(let exit):
+            throw ExecCustomExitCodeError(exitCode: exit.code)
+          default:
+            // Unknown event, do nothing
+            continue
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      while !group.isEmpty {
+        do {
+          try await group.next()
+        } catch {
+          group.cancelAll()
+
+          throw error
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+private func isRegularFile(_ fileDescriptor: Int32) -> Bool {
+  var stat = stat()
+
+  if fstat(fileDescriptor, &stat) != 0 {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  return (stat.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG
+}

Sources/tart/Commands/Export.swift

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ struct Export: AsyncParsableCommand {
   @Argument(help: "Source VM name.", completion: .custom(completeMachines))
   var name: String
 
-  @Argument(help: "Path to the destination file.")
+  @Argument(help: "Path to the destination file.", completion: .file())
   var path: String?
 
   func run() async throws {

Sources/tart/Commands/Get.swift

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ fileprivate struct VMInfo: Encodable {
   let CPU: Int
   let Memory: UInt64
   let Disk: Int
+  let DiskFormat: String
   let Size: String
   let Display: String
   let Running: Bool
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ struct Get: AsyncParsableCommand {
     let vmConfig = try VMConfig(fromURL: vmDir.configURL)
     let memorySizeInMb = vmConfig.memorySize / 1024 / 1024
 
-    let info = VMInfo(OS: vmConfig.os, CPU: vmConfig.cpuCount, Memory: memorySizeInMb, Disk: try vmDir.sizeGB(), Size: String(format: "%.3f", Float(try vmDir.allocatedSizeBytes()) / 1000 / 1000 / 1000), Display: vmConfig.display.description, Running: try vmDir.running(), State: try vmDir.state().rawValue)
+    let info = VMInfo(OS: vmConfig.os, CPU: vmConfig.cpuCount, Memory: memorySizeInMb, Disk: try vmDir.sizeGB(), DiskFormat: vmConfig.diskFormat.rawValue, Size: String(format: "%.3f", Float(try vmDir.allocatedSizeBytes()) / 1000 / 1000 / 1000), Display: vmConfig.display.description, Running: try vmDir.running(), State: try vmDir.state().rawValue)
     print(format.renderSingle(info))
   }
 }

Sources/tart/Commands/IP.swift

@@ -2,12 +2,11 @@ import ArgumentParser
 import Foundation
 import Network
 import SystemConfiguration
-import Sentry
 
 enum IPResolutionStrategy: String, ExpressibleByArgument, CaseIterable {
-  case dhcp, arp
+  case dhcp, arp, agent
 
-  private(set) static var allValueStrings: [String] = Format.allCases.map { "\($0)"}
+  private(set) static var allValueStrings: [String] = Self.allCases.map { "\($0)"}
 }
 
 struct IP: AsyncParsableCommand {
@@ -19,13 +18,11 @@ struct IP: AsyncParsableCommand {
   @Option(help: "Number of seconds to wait for a potential VM booting")
   var wait: UInt16 = 0
 
-  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Strategy for resolving IP address: dhcp or arp",
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Strategy for resolving IP address",
                              discussion: """
-                             By default, Tart is looking up and parsing DHCP lease file to determine the IP of the VM.\n
+                             By default, Tart is using a "dhcp" resolver which parses the DHCP lease file on host and tries to find an entry containing the VM's MAC address. This method is fast and the most reliable, but only works for VMs are not using the bridged networking.\n
-                             This method is fast and the most reliable but only returns local IP adresses.\n
+                             Alternatively, Tart has an "arp" resolver which calls an external "arp" executable and parses it's output. This works for VMs using bridged networking and returns their IP, but when they generate enough network activity to populate the host's ARP table. Note that "arp" strategy won't work for VMs using the Softnet networking.\n
-                             Alternatively, Tart can call external `arp` executable and parse it's output.\n
+                             A third strategy, "agent" works in all cases reliably, but requires Guest agent for Tart VMs (https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart-guest-agent) to be installed inside of a VM.
-                             In case of enabled Bridged Networking this method will return VM's IP address on the network interface used for Bridged Networking.\n
-                             Note that `arp` strategy won't work for VMs using `--net-softnet`.
                              """))
   var resolver: IPResolutionStrategy = .dhcp
 
@@ -34,14 +31,16 @@ struct IP: AsyncParsableCommand {
     let vmConfig = try VMConfig.init(fromURL: vmDir.configURL)
     let vmMACAddress = MACAddress(fromString: vmConfig.macAddress.string)!
 
-    guard let ip = try await IP.resolveIP(vmMACAddress, resolutionStrategy: resolver, secondsToWait: wait) else {
+    guard let ip = try await IP.resolveIP(vmMACAddress, resolutionStrategy: resolver, secondsToWait: wait, controlSocketURL: vmDir.controlSocketURL) else {
       var message = "no IP address found"
 
       if try !vmDir.running() {
         message += ", is your VM running?"
       }
 
-      if (vmConfig.os == .linux && resolver == .arp) {
+      if (resolver == .agent) {
+        message += " (also make sure that Guest agent for Tart is running inside of a VM)"
+      } else if (vmConfig.os == .linux && resolver == .arp) {
         message += " (not all Linux distributions are compatible with the ARP resolver)"
       }
 
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ struct IP: AsyncParsableCommand {
     print(ip)
   }
 
-  static public func resolveIP(_ vmMACAddress: MACAddress, resolutionStrategy: IPResolutionStrategy = .dhcp, secondsToWait: UInt16 = 0) async throws -> IPv4Address? {
+  static public func resolveIP(_ vmMACAddress: MACAddress, resolutionStrategy: IPResolutionStrategy = .dhcp, secondsToWait: UInt16 = 0, controlSocketURL: URL? = nil) async throws -> IPv4Address? {
     let waitUntil = Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .second, value: Int(secondsToWait), to: Date.now)!
 
     repeat {
@@ -64,6 +63,22 @@ struct IP: AsyncParsableCommand {
         if let leases = try Leases(), let ip = leases.ResolveMACAddress(macAddress: vmMACAddress) {
           return ip
         }
+      case .agent:
+        guard let controlSocketURL = controlSocketURL else {
+          throw RuntimeError.Generic("Cannot perform IP resolution via Tart Guest Agent when control socket URL is not set")
+        }
+
+        // Change the current working directory to a VM's base directory
+        // to work around Unix domain socket 104 byte limitation [1]
+        //
+        // [1]: https://blog.8-p.info/en/2020/06/11/unix-domain-socket-length/
+        if let baseURL = controlSocketURL.baseURL {
+          FileManager.default.changeCurrentDirectoryPath(baseURL.path())
+        }
+
+        if let ip = try await AgentResolver.ResolveIP(controlSocketURL.relativePath) {
+          return ip
+        }
       }
 
       // wait a second

Sources/tart/Commands/Import.swift

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ import Foundation
 struct Import: AsyncParsableCommand {
   static var configuration = CommandConfiguration(abstract: "Import VM from a compressed .tvm file")
 
-  @Argument(help: "Path to a file created with \"tart export\".")
+  @Argument(help: "Path to a file created with \"tart export\".", completion: .file())
   var path: String
 
-  @Argument(help: "Destination VM name.")
+  @Argument(help: "Destination VM name.", completion: .custom(completeLocalMachines))
   var name: String
 
   func validate() throws {
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ struct Import: AsyncParsableCommand {
   }
 
   func run() async throws {
-    let localStorage = VMStorageLocal()
+    let localStorage = try VMStorageLocal()
 
     // Create a temporary VM directory to which we will load the export file
     let tmpVMDir = try VMDirectory.temporary()

Sources/tart/Commands/List.swift

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ fileprivate struct VMInfo: Encodable {
   let Name: String
   let Disk: Int
   let Size: Int
-  let SizeOnDisk: Int
+  let Accessed: String
   let Running: Bool
   let State: String
 }
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ struct List: AsyncParsableCommand {
   @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Only display VMs from the specified source (e.g. --source local, --source oci)."))
   var source: String?
 
-  @Option(help: "Output format: text or json")
+  @Option(help: "Output format: text or json", completion: .list(["text", "json"]))
   var format: Format = .text
 
   @Flag(name: [.short, .long], help: ArgumentHelp("Only display VM names."))
@@ -39,13 +39,29 @@ struct List: AsyncParsableCommand {
 
     if source == nil || source == "local" {
       infos += sortedInfos(try VMStorageLocal().list().map { (name, vmDir) in
-        try VMInfo(Source: "local", Name: name, Disk: vmDir.sizeGB(), Size: vmDir.allocatedSizeGB(), SizeOnDisk: vmDir.allocatedSizeGB() - vmDir.deduplicatedSizeGB(), Running: vmDir.running(), State: vmDir.state().rawValue)
+        try VMInfo(
+          Source: "local",
+          Name: name,
+          Disk: vmDir.sizeGB(),
+          Size: vmDir.allocatedSizeGB(),
+          Accessed: formatAccessDate(try vmDir.accessDate()),
+          Running: vmDir.running(),
+          State: vmDir.state().rawValue
+        )
       })
     }
 
     if source == nil || source == "oci" {
       infos += sortedInfos(try VMStorageOCI().list().map { (name, vmDir, _) in
-        try VMInfo(Source: "OCI", Name: name, Disk: vmDir.sizeGB(), Size: vmDir.allocatedSizeGB(), SizeOnDisk: vmDir.allocatedSizeGB() - vmDir.deduplicatedSizeGB(), Running: vmDir.running(), State: vmDir.state().rawValue)
+        try VMInfo(
+          Source: "OCI",
+          Name: name,
+          Disk: vmDir.sizeGB(),
+          Size: vmDir.allocatedSizeGB(),
+          Accessed: formatAccessDate(try vmDir.accessDate()),
+          Running: vmDir.running(),
+          State: vmDir.state().rawValue
+        )
       })
     }
 
@@ -61,4 +77,16 @@ struct List: AsyncParsableCommand {
   private func sortedInfos(_ infos: [VMInfo]) -> [VMInfo] {
     infos.sorted(by: { left, right in left.Name < right.Name })
   }
+
+  private func formatAccessDate(_ accessDate: Date) -> String {
+    switch format {
+    case .text:
+      let formatter = RelativeDateTimeFormatter()
+      formatter.unitsStyle = .full
+      return formatter.localizedString(for: accessDate, relativeTo: Date())
+    case .json:
+      let formatter = ISO8601DateFormatter()
+      return formatter.string(from: accessDate)
+    }
+  }
 }

Sources/tart/Commands/Login.swift

@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ struct Login: AsyncParsableCommand {
 }
 
 fileprivate class DictionaryCredentialsProvider: CredentialsProvider {
+  let userFriendlyName = "static dictionary credentials provider"
+
   var credentials: Dictionary<String, (String, String)>
 
   init(_ credentials: Dictionary<String, (String, String)>) {

Sources/tart/Commands/Prune.swift

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 import ArgumentParser
 import Dispatch
-import Sentry
+import OpenTelemetryApi
 import SwiftUI
 import SwiftDate
 
 struct Prune: AsyncParsableCommand {
   static var configuration = CommandConfiguration(abstract: "Prune OCI and IPSW caches or local VMs")
 
-  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Entries to remove: \"caches\" targets OCI and IPSW caches and \"vms\" targets local VMs."))
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Entries to remove: \"caches\" targets OCI and IPSW caches and \"vms\" targets local VMs."), completion: .list(["caches", "vms"]))
   var entries: String = "caches"
 
   @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Remove entries that were last accessed more than n days ago",
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ struct Prune: AsyncParsableCommand {
 
     switch entries {
     case "caches":
-      prunableStorages = [VMStorageOCI(), try IPSWCache()]
+      prunableStorages = [try VMStorageOCI(), try IPSWCache()]
     case "vms":
-      prunableStorages = [VMStorageLocal()]
+      prunableStorages = [try VMStorageLocal()]
     default:
       throw ValidationError("unsupported --entries value, please specify either \"caches\" or \"vms\"")
     }
@@ -109,9 +109,10 @@ struct Prune: AsyncParsableCommand {
       return
     }
 
-    SentrySDK.configureScope { scope in
+    OpenTelemetry.instance.contextProvider.activeSpan?.setAttribute(
-      scope.setContext(value: ["requiredBytes": requiredBytes], key: "Prune")
+      key: "prune.required-bytes",
-    }
+      value: .int(Int(requiredBytes))
+    )
 
     // Figure out how much disk space is available
     let attrs = try Config().tartCacheDir.resourceValues(forKeys: [
@@ -123,18 +124,14 @@ struct Prune: AsyncParsableCommand {
       UInt64(attrs.volumeAvailableCapacityForImportantUsage!)
     )
 
-    SentrySDK.configureScope { scope in
+    OpenTelemetry.instance.contextProvider.activeSpan?.setAttributes([
-      scope.setContext(value: [
+      "prune.volume-available-capacity-bytes": .int(Int(attrs.volumeAvailableCapacity!)),
-        "volumeAvailableCapacity": attrs.volumeAvailableCapacity!,
+      "prune.volume-available-capacity-for-important-usage-bytes": .int(Int(attrs.volumeAvailableCapacityForImportantUsage!)),
-        "volumeAvailableCapacityForImportantUsage": attrs.volumeAvailableCapacityForImportantUsage!,
+      "prune.volume-available-capacity-calculated": .int(Int(volumeAvailableCapacityCalculated)),
-        "volumeAvailableCapacityCalculated": volumeAvailableCapacityCalculated
+    ])
-      ], key: "Prune")
-    }
 
     if volumeAvailableCapacityCalculated <= 0 {
-      SentrySDK.capture(message: "Zero volume capacity reported") { scope in
+      OpenTelemetry.instance.contextProvider.activeSpan?.addEvent(name: "Zero volume capacity reported")
-        scope.setLevel(.warning)
-      }
 
       return
     }
@@ -149,10 +146,10 @@ struct Prune: AsyncParsableCommand {
   }
 
   private static func reclaimIfPossible(_ reclaimBytes: UInt64, _ initiator: Prunable? = nil) throws {
-    let transaction = SentrySDK.startTransaction(name: "Pruning cache", operation: "prune", bindToScope: true)
+    let span = OTel.shared.tracer.spanBuilder(spanName: "prune").startSpan()
-    defer { transaction.finish() }
+    defer { span.end() }
 
-    let prunableStorages: [PrunableStorage] = [VMStorageOCI(), try IPSWCache()]
+    let prunableStorages: [PrunableStorage] = [try VMStorageOCI(), try IPSWCache()]
     let prunables: [Prunable] = try prunableStorages
       .flatMap { try $0.prunables() }
       .sorted { try $0.accessDate() < $1.accessDate() }
@@ -177,13 +174,17 @@ struct Prune: AsyncParsableCommand {
         continue
       }
 
-      try SentrySDK.span?.setData(value: prunable.allocatedSizeBytes(), key: prunable.url.path)
+      let allocatedSizeBytes = try prunable.allocatedSizeBytes()
 
-      cacheReclaimedBytes += try prunable.allocatedSizeBytes()
+      OpenTelemetry.instance.contextProvider.activeSpan?
+        .addEvent(name: "Pruned \(allocatedSizeBytes) bytes for \(prunable.url.path)")
+
+      cacheReclaimedBytes += allocatedSizeBytes
 
       try prunable.delete()
     }
 
-    SentrySDK.span?.setMeasurement(name: "gc_disk_reclaimed", value: cacheReclaimedBytes as NSNumber, unit: MeasurementUnitInformation.byte);
+    OpenTelemetry.instance.contextProvider.activeSpan?
+      .addEvent(name: "Reclaimed \(cacheReclaimedBytes) bytes")
   }
 }

Sources/tart/Commands/Pull.swift

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ struct Pull: AsyncParsableCommand {
   func run() async throws {
     // Be more liberal when accepting local image as argument,
     // see https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/issues/36
-    if VMStorageLocal().exists(remoteName) {
+    if try VMStorageLocal().exists(remoteName) {
       print("\"\(remoteName)\" is a local image, nothing to pull here!")
 
       return

Sources/tart/Commands/Push.swift

@@ -26,15 +26,17 @@ struct Push: AsyncParsableCommand {
                              """))
   var chunkSize: Int = 0
 
-  @Option(help: .hidden)
+
-  var diskFormat: String = "v2"
+  @Option(name: [.customLong("label")], help: ArgumentHelp("additional metadata to attach to the OCI image configuration in key=value format",
+                                                           discussion: "Can be specified multiple times to attach multiple labels."))
+  var labels: [String] = []
 
   @Flag(help: ArgumentHelp("cache pushed images locally",
                            discussion: "Increases disk usage, but saves time if you're going to pull the pushed images later."))
   var populateCache: Bool = false
 
   func run() async throws {
-    let ociStorage = VMStorageOCI()
+    let ociStorage = try VMStorageOCI()
     let localVMDir = try VMStorageHelper.open(localName)
     let lock = try localVMDir.lock()
     if try !lock.trylock() {
@@ -80,8 +82,8 @@ struct Push: AsyncParsableCommand {
           registry: registry,
           references: references,
           chunkSizeMb: chunkSize,
-          diskFormat: diskFormat,
+          concurrency: concurrency,
-          concurrency: concurrency
+          labels: parseLabels()
         )
         // Populate the local cache (if requested)
         if populateCache {
@@ -115,6 +117,28 @@ struct Push: AsyncParsableCommand {
     return RemoteName(host: registry.host!, namespace: registry.namespace,
                       reference: Reference(digest: digest))
   }
+
+  // Helper method to convert labels array to dictionary
+  func parseLabels() -> [String: String] {
+    var result = [String: String]()
+
+    for label in labels {
+      let parts = label.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespaces).split(separator: "=", maxSplits: 1, omittingEmptySubsequences: false)
+
+      let key = parts.count > 0 ? String(parts[0]) : ""
+      let value = parts.count > 1 ? String(parts[1]) : ""
+
+      // It sometimes makes sense to provide an empty value,
+      // but not an empty key
+      if key.isEmpty {
+        continue
+      }
+
+      result[key] = value
+    }
+
+    return result
+  }  
 }
 
 extension Collection where Element == RemoteName {

Sources/tart/Commands/Rename.swift

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ struct Rename: AsyncParsableCommand {
   }
 
   func run() async throws {
-    let localStorage = VMStorageLocal()
+    let localStorage = try VMStorageLocal()
 
     if !localStorage.exists(name) {
       throw ValidationError("failed to rename a non-existent local VM: \(name)")

Sources/tart/Commands/Run.swift

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import Darwin
 import Dispatch
 import SwiftUI
 import Virtualization
-import Sentry
+import OpenTelemetryApi
 import System
 
 var vm: VM?
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
   @Option(help: ArgumentHelp(
     "Attach an externally created serial console",
     discussion: "Alternative to `--serial` flag for programmatic integrations."
-  ))
+  ), completion: .file())
   var serialPath: String?
 
   @Flag(help: ArgumentHelp("Force open a UI window, even when VNC is enabled.", visibility: .private))
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
 
   @Flag(help: ArgumentHelp(
     "Disable clipboard sharing between host and guest.",
-    discussion: "Only works with Linux-based guest operating systems."))
+    discussion: "Clipboard sharing requires spice-vdagent package on Linux and https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart-guest-agent on macOS."))
   var noClipboard: Bool = false
 
   #if arch(arm64)
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
   var vncExperimental: Bool = false
 
   @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("""
-  Additional disk attachments with an optional read-only and synchronization options (e.g. --disk="disk.bin", --disk="ubuntu.iso:ro", --disk="/dev/disk0", --disk "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/xcode:16.0:ro" or --disk="nbd://localhost:10809/myDisk:sync=none")
+  Additional disk attachments with an optional read-only and synchronization options in the form of path[:options] (e.g. --disk="disk.bin", --disk="ubuntu.iso:ro", --disk="/dev/disk0", --disk "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/xcode:16.0:ro" or --disk="nbd://localhost:10809/myDisk:sync=none")
   """, discussion: """
   The disk attachment can be a:
 
@@ -134,12 +134,13 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
 
   Learn how to create a disk image using Disk Utility here: https://support.apple.com/en-gb/guide/disk-utility/dskutl11888/mac
 
-  To work with block devices, the easiest way is to modify their permissions (e.g. by using "sudo chown $USER /dev/diskX") or to run the Tart binary as root, which affects locating Tart VMs.
+  To work with block devices, the easiest way is to modify their permissions to be accessible to the current user:
 
-  To work around this pass TART_HOME explicitly:
+  sudo chown $USER /dev/diskX
+  tart run macos --disk=/dev/diskX
 
-  sudo TART_HOME="$HOME/.tart" tart run sonoma --disk=/dev/disk0
+  Warning: after running the chown command above, all software running under the current user will be able to access /dev/diskX. If that violates your threat model, we recommend avoiding mounting block devices altogether.
-  """, valueName: "path[:options]"))
+  """, valueName: "path[:options]"), completion: .file())
   var disk: [String] = []
 
   #if arch(arm64)
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
   #endif
   var rosettaTag: String?
 
-  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Additional directory shares with an optional read-only and mount tag options (e.g. --dir=\"~/src/build\" or --dir=\"~/src/sources:ro\")", discussion: """
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Additional directory shares with an optional read-only and mount tag options in the form of [name:]path[:options] (e.g. --dir=\"~/src/build\" or --dir=\"~/src/sources:ro\")", discussion: """
   Requires host to be macOS 13.0 (Ventura) or newer. macOS guests must be running macOS 13.0 (Ventura) or newer too.
 
   Options are comma-separated and are as follows:
@@ -170,7 +171,7 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
   Mount tag can be overridden by appending tag property to the directory share (e.g. --dir=\"~/src/build:tag=build\" or --dir=\"~/src/build:ro,tag=build\"). Then it can be mounted via "mount_virtiofs build ~/build" inside guest macOS and "mount -t virtiofs build ~/build" inside guest Linux.
 
   In case of passing multiple directories per mount tag it is required to prefix them with names e.g. --dir=\"build:~/src/build\" --dir=\"sources:~/src/sources:ro\". These names will be used as directory names under the mounting point inside guests. For the example above it will be "/Volumes/My Shared Files/build" and "/Volumes/My Shared Files/sources" respectively.
-  """, valueName: "[name:]path[:options]"))
+  """, valueName: "[name:]path[:options]"), completion: .directory)
   var dir: [String] = []
 
   @Flag(help: ArgumentHelp("Enable nested virtualization if possible"))
@@ -201,15 +202,28 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
                            """))
   var netSoftnet: Bool = false
 
-  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Comma-separated list of CIDRs to allow the traffic to when using Softnet isolation\n(e.g. --net-softnet-allow=192.168.0.0/24)", discussion: """
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Comma-separated list of CIDRs to allow the traffic to when using Softnet isolation (e.g. --net-softnet-allow=192.168.0.0/24)", discussion: """
   This option allows you bypass the private IPv4 address space restrictions imposed by --net-softnet.
 
-  For example, you can allow the VM to communicate with the local network with e.g. --net-softnet-allow=10.0.0.0/16 or to completely disable the destination based restrictions with --net-softnet-allow=0.0.0.0/0.
+  For example, you can allow the VM to communicate with the local network with e.g. --net-softnet-allow=10.0.0.0/16 or with --net-softnet-allow=0.0.0.0/0 to completely disable the destination based restrictions, including VMs bridge isolation.
+
+  When used with --net-softnet-block, the longest prefix match always wins. In case the same prefix is both allowed and blocked, blocking takes precedence.
 
   Implies --net-softnet.
   """, valueName: "comma-separated CIDRs"))
   var netSoftnetAllow: String?
 
+  @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Comma-separated list of CIDRs to block the traffic to when using Softnet isolation (e.g. --net-softnet-block=66.66.0.0/16)", discussion: """
+  This option allows you to tighten the IPv4 address space restrictions imposed by --net-softnet even further.
+
+  For example --net-softnet-block=0.0.0.0/0 may be used to establish a default deny policy that is further relaxed with --net-softnet-allow.
+
+  When used with --net-softnet-allow, the longest prefix match always wins. In case the same prefix is both allowed and blocked, blocking takes precedence.
+
+  Implies --net-softnet.
+  """, valueName: "comma-separated CIDRs"))
+  var netSoftnetBlock: String?
+
   @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Comma-separated list of TCP ports to expose (e.g. --net-softnet-expose 2222:22,8080:80)", discussion: """
   Options are comma-separated and are as follows:
 
@@ -260,13 +274,24 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
   #endif
   var captureSystemKeys: Bool = false
 
+  #if arch(arm64)
+    @Flag(help: ArgumentHelp("Don't add trackpad as a pointing device on macOS VMs"))
+  #endif
+  var noTrackpad: Bool = false
+
+  @Flag(help: ArgumentHelp("Disable the pointer"))
+  var noPointer: Bool = false
+
+  @Flag(help: ArgumentHelp("Disable the keyboard"))
+  var noKeyboard: Bool = false
+
   mutating func validate() throws {
     if vnc && vncExperimental {
       throw ValidationError("--vnc and --vnc-experimental are mutually exclusive")
     }
 
     // Automatically enable --net-softnet when any of its related options are specified
-    if netSoftnetAllow != nil || netSoftnetExpose != nil {
+    if netSoftnetAllow != nil || netSoftnetBlock != nil || netSoftnetExpose != nil {
       netSoftnet = true
     }
 
@@ -290,13 +315,13 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
 
     if nested {
       if #unavailable(macOS 15) {
-        throw ValidationError("Nested virtualization is supported on hosts starting with macOS 15 (Sequia), and later.")
+        throw ValidationError("Nested virtualization is supported on hosts starting with macOS 15 (Sequoia), and later.")
       } else if !VZGenericPlatformConfiguration.isNestedVirtualizationSupported {
         throw ValidationError("Nested virtualization is available for Mac with the M3 chip, and later.")
       }
     }
 
-    let localStorage = VMStorageLocal()
+    let localStorage = try VMStorageLocal()
     let vmDir = try localStorage.open(name)
     if try vmDir.state() == .Suspended {
       suspendable = true
@@ -307,8 +332,23 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
       if !(config.platform is PlatformSuspendable) {
         throw ValidationError("You can only suspend macOS VMs")
       }
-      if dir.count > 0 {
+
-        throw ValidationError("Suspending VMs with shared directories is not supported")
+      if noTrackpad {
+        throw ValidationError("--no-trackpad cannot be used with --suspendable")
+      }
+      if noKeyboard {
+        throw ValidationError("--no-keyboard cannot be used with --suspendable")
+      }
+      if noPointer {
+        throw ValidationError("--no-pointer cannot be used with --suspendable")
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    if noTrackpad {
+      let config = try VMConfig.init(fromURL: vmDir.configURL)
+      if config.os != .darwin {
+        throw ValidationError("--no-trackpad can only be used with macOS VMs")
       }
     }
 
@@ -321,9 +361,15 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
 
   @MainActor
   func run() async throws {
-    let localStorage = VMStorageLocal()
+    let localStorage = try VMStorageLocal()
     let vmDir = try localStorage.open(name)
 
+    // Validate disk format support
+    let vmConfig = try VMConfig(fromURL: vmDir.configURL)
+    if !vmConfig.diskFormat.isSupported {
+      throw ValidationError("Disk format '\(vmConfig.diskFormat.rawValue)' is not supported on this system.")
+    }
+
     let storageLock = try FileLock(lockURL: Config().tartHomeDir)
     try storageLock.lock()
     // check if there is a running VM with the same MAC address
@@ -373,7 +419,10 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
       audio: !noAudio,
       clipboard: !noClipboard,
       sync: VZDiskImageSynchronizationMode(diskOptions.syncModeRaw),
-      caching: VZDiskImageCachingMode(diskOptions.cachingModeRaw)
+      caching: VZDiskImageCachingMode(diskOptions.cachingModeRaw),
+      noTrackpad: noTrackpad,
+      noPointer: noPointer,
+      noKeyboard: noKeyboard
     )
 
     let vncImpl: VNC? = try {
@@ -464,20 +513,27 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
           }
         }
 
+        if #available(macOS 14, *) {
+          Task {
+            try await ControlSocket(vmDir.controlSocketURL).run()
+          }
+        }
+
         try await vm!.run()
 
         if let vncImpl = vncImpl {
           try vncImpl.stop()
         }
 
+        OTel.shared.flush()
         Foundation.exit(0)
       } catch {
-        // Capture the error into Sentry
+        // Capture the error into OpenTelemetry
-        SentrySDK.capture(error: error)
+        OpenTelemetry.instance.contextProvider.activeSpan?.recordException(error)
-        SentrySDK.flush(timeout: 2.seconds.timeInterval)
 
         fputs("\(error)\n", stderr)
 
+        OTel.shared.flush()
         Foundation.exit(1)
       }
     }
@@ -511,12 +567,14 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
             } else {
               print(RuntimeError.SuspendFailed("this functionality is only supported on macOS 14 (Sonoma) or newer"))
 
+              OTel.shared.flush()
               Foundation.exit(1)
             }
           #endif
         } catch (let e) {
           print(RuntimeError.SuspendFailed(e.localizedDescription))
 
+          OTel.shared.flush()
           Foundation.exit(1)
         }
       }
@@ -568,6 +626,10 @@ struct Run: AsyncParsableCommand {
       softnetExtraArguments += ["--allow", netSoftnetAllow]
     }
 
+    if let netSoftnetBlock = netSoftnetBlock {
+      softnetExtraArguments += ["--block", netSoftnetBlock]
+    }
+
     if let netSoftnetExpose = netSoftnetExpose {
       softnetExtraArguments += ["--expose", netSoftnetExpose]
     }
@@ -757,6 +819,12 @@ struct MainApp: App {
 }
 
 class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, ObservableObject {
+  func applicationDidFinishLaunching(_ : Notification) {
+    let nsApp = NSApplication.shared
+    nsApp.setActivationPolicy(.regular)
+    nsApp.activate(ignoringOtherApps: true)
+  }
+
   func applicationShouldTerminate(_ sender: NSApplication) -> NSApplication.TerminateReply {
     if (kill(getpid(), MainApp.suspendable ? SIGUSR1 : SIGINT) == 0) {
       return .terminateLater

Sources/tart/Commands/Set.swift

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ struct Set: AsyncParsableCommand {
   @Option(help: "VM memory size in megabytes")
   var memory: UInt64?
 
-  @Option(help: "VM display resolution in a format of <width>x<height>. For example, 1200x800")
+  @Option(help: "VM display resolution in a format of WIDTHxHEIGHT[pt|px]. For example, 1200x800, 1200x800pt or 1920x1080px. Units are treated as hints and default to \"pt\" (points) for macOS VMs and \"px\" (pixels) for Linux VMs when not specified.")
   var display: VMDisplayConfig?
 
   @Flag(inversion: .prefixedNo, help: ArgumentHelp("Whether to automatically reconfigure the VM's display to fit the window"))
@@ -33,15 +33,7 @@ struct Set: AsyncParsableCommand {
 
   @Option(help: ArgumentHelp("Resize the VMs disk to the specified size in GB (note that the disk size can only be increased to avoid losing data)",
                              discussion: """
-                             Disk resizing works on most cloud-ready Linux distributions out-of-the box (e.g. Ubuntu Cloud Images
+                             See https://tart.run/faq/#disk-resizing for more details.
-                             have the \"cloud-initramfs-growroot\" package installed that runs on boot) and on the rest of the
-                             distributions by running the \"growpart\" or \"resize2fs\" commands.
-
-                             For macOS, however, things are a bit more complicated: you need to remove the recovery partition
-                             first and then run various \"diskutil\" commands, see Tart's packer plugin source code for more
-                             details[1].
-
-                             [1]: https://github.com/cirruslabs/packer-plugin-tart/blob/main/builder/tart/step_disk_resize.go
                              """))
   var diskSize: UInt16?
 
@@ -64,6 +56,7 @@ struct Set: AsyncParsableCommand {
       if (display.height > 0) {
         vmConfig.display.height = display.height
       }
+      vmConfig.display.unit = display.unit
     }
 
     vmConfig.displayRefit = displayRefit
@@ -96,12 +89,24 @@ struct Set: AsyncParsableCommand {
 
 extension VMDisplayConfig: ExpressibleByArgument {
   public init(argument: String) {
+    var argument = argument
+    var unit: Unit? = nil
+
+    if argument.hasSuffix(Unit.pixel.rawValue) {
+      argument = String(argument.dropLast(Unit.pixel.rawValue.count))
+      unit = Unit.pixel
+    } else if argument.hasSuffix(Unit.point.rawValue) {
+      argument = String(argument.dropLast(Unit.point.rawValue.count))
+      unit = Unit.point
+    }
+
     let parts = argument.components(separatedBy: "x").map {
       Int($0) ?? 0
     }
     self = VMDisplayConfig(
       width: parts[safe: 0] ?? 0,
-      height: parts[safe: 1] ?? 0
+      height: parts[safe: 1] ?? 0,
+      unit: unit,
     )
   }
 }

Sources/tart/Config.swift

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ struct Config {
     var tartHomeDir: URL
 
     if let customTartHome = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["TART_HOME"] {
-      tartHomeDir = URL(fileURLWithPath: customTartHome)
+      tartHomeDir = URL(fileURLWithPath: customTartHome, isDirectory: true)
+      try Self.validateTartHome(url: tartHomeDir)
     } else {
       tartHomeDir = FileManager.default
         .homeDirectoryForCurrentUser
@@ -49,4 +50,24 @@ struct Config {
   static func jsonDecoder() -> JSONDecoder {
     JSONDecoder()
   }
+
+  private static func validateTartHome(url: URL) throws {
+    let urlComponents = url.pathComponents
+
+    let descendingURLs = urlComponents.indices.map { i in
+      URL(fileURLWithPath: urlComponents[0...i].joined(separator: "/"))
+    }
+
+    for descendingURL in descendingURLs {
+      if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: descendingURL.path) {
+        continue
+      }
+
+      do {
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(at: descendingURL, withIntermediateDirectories: false)
+      } catch {
+        throw RuntimeError.Generic("TART_HOME is invalid: \(descendingURL.path) does not exist, yet we can't create it: \(error.localizedDescription)")
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }

Sources/tart/ControlSocket.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import Foundation
+import Network
+import os.log
+import NIO
+import NIOPosix
+
+@available(macOS 14, *)
+class ControlSocket {
+  let controlSocketURL: URL
+  let vmPort: UInt32
+  let eventLoopGroup = MultiThreadedEventLoopGroup(numberOfThreads: 1)
+  let logger: os.Logger = os.Logger(subsystem: "org.cirruslabs.tart.control-socket", category: "network")
+
+  init(_ controlSocketURL: URL, vmPort: UInt32 = 8080) {
+    self.controlSocketURL = controlSocketURL
+    self.vmPort = vmPort
+  }
+
+  func run() async throws {
+    // Remove control socket file from previous "tart run" invocations,
+    // if any, otherwise we may get the "address already in use" error
+    try? FileManager.default.removeItem(atPath: controlSocketURL.path)
+
+    // Change the current working directory to a VM's base directory
+    // to work around Unix domain socket 104 byte limitation [1]
+    //
+    // [1]: https://blog.8-p.info/en/2020/06/11/unix-domain-socket-length/
+    if let baseURL = controlSocketURL.baseURL {
+      FileManager.default.changeCurrentDirectoryPath(baseURL.path())
+    }
+
+    let serverChannel = try await ServerBootstrap(group: eventLoopGroup)
+      .bind(unixDomainSocketPath: controlSocketURL.relativePath) { childChannel in
+        childChannel.eventLoop.makeCompletedFuture {
+          return try NIOAsyncChannel<ByteBuffer, ByteBuffer>(
+            wrappingChannelSynchronously: childChannel
+          )
+        }
+      }
+
+    try await withThrowingDiscardingTaskGroup { group in
+      try await serverChannel.executeThenClose { serverInbound in
+        for try await clientChannel in serverInbound {
+          group.addTask {
+            try await self.handleClient(clientChannel)
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  func handleClient(_ clientChannel: NIOAsyncChannel<ByteBuffer, ByteBuffer>) async throws {
+    self.logger.info("received new control socket connection from a client")
+
+    try await clientChannel.executeThenClose { clientInbound, clientOutbound in
+      self.logger.info("dialing to VM on port \(self.vmPort)...")
+
+      do {
+        guard let vmConnection = try await vm?.connect(toPort: self.vmPort) else {
+          throw RuntimeError.VMSocketFailed(self.vmPort, "VM is not running")
+        }
+
+        self.logger.info("running control socket proxy")
+
+        let vmChannel = try await ClientBootstrap(group: eventLoopGroup).withConnectedSocket(vmConnection.fileDescriptor) { childChannel in
+          childChannel.eventLoop.makeCompletedFuture {
+            try NIOAsyncChannel<ByteBuffer, ByteBuffer>(
+              wrappingChannelSynchronously: childChannel
+            )
+          }
+        }
+
+        try await vmChannel.executeThenClose { (vmInbound, vmOutbound) in
+          try await withThrowingDiscardingTaskGroup { group in
+            // Proxy data from a client (e.g. "tart exec") to a VM
+            group.addTask {
+              for try await message in clientInbound {
+                try await vmOutbound.write(message)
+              }
+            }
+
+            // Proxy data from a VM to a client (e.g. "tart exec")
+            group.addTask {
+              for try await message in vmInbound {
+                try await clientOutbound.write(message)
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        self.logger.info("control socket client disconnected")
+      } catch (let error) {
+        self.logger.error("control socket connection failed: \(error)")
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

Sources/tart/Credentials/CredentialsProvider.swift

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ enum CredentialsProviderError: Error {
 }
 
 protocol CredentialsProvider {
+  var userFriendlyName: String { get }
   func retrieve(host: String) throws -> (String, String)?
   func store(host: String, user: String, password: String) throws
 }

Sources/tart/Credentials/DockerConfigCredentialsProvider.swift

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import Foundation
 
 class DockerConfigCredentialsProvider: CredentialsProvider {
+  let userFriendlyName = "Docker configuration credentials provider"
+
   func retrieve(host: String) throws -> (String, String)? {
     let dockerConfigURL = FileManager.default.homeDirectoryForCurrentUser.appendingPathComponent(".docker").appendingPathComponent("config.json")
     if !FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: dockerConfigURL.path) {

Sources/tart/Credentials/EnvironmentCredentialsProvider.swift

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import Foundation
 
 class EnvironmentCredentialsProvider: CredentialsProvider {
+  let userFriendlyName = "environment variable credentials provider"
+
   func retrieve(host: String) throws -> (String, String)? {
     if let tartRegistryHostname = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["TART_REGISTRY_HOSTNAME"],
        tartRegistryHostname != host {

Sources/tart/Credentials/KeychainCredentialsProvider.swift

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import Foundation
 
 class KeychainCredentialsProvider: CredentialsProvider {
+  let userFriendlyName = "Keychain credentials provider"
+
   func retrieve(host: String) throws -> (String, String)? {
     let query: [String: Any] = [kSecClass as String: kSecClassInternetPassword,
                                 kSecAttrProtocol as String: kSecAttrProtocolHTTPS,

Sources/tart/Credentials/StdinCredentials.swift

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ enum StdinCredentialsError: Error {
 }
 
 class StdinCredentials {
+  let userFriendlyName = "standard input credentials provider"
+
   static func retrieve() throws -> (String, String) {
     let user = try readStdinCredential(name: "username", prompt: "User: ", isSensitive: false)
     let password = try readStdinCredential(name: "password", prompt: "Password: ", isSensitive: true)
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@ class StdinCredentials {
     return (user, password)
   }
 
-  private static func readStdinCredential(name: String, prompt: String, maxCharacters: Int = 1024, isSensitive: Bool) throws -> String {
+  private static func readStdinCredential(name: String, prompt: String, maxCharacters: Int = 8192, isSensitive: Bool) throws -> String {
     var buf = [CChar](repeating: 0, count: maxCharacters + 1 /* sentinel */ + 1 /* NUL */)
     guard let rawCredential = readpassphrase(prompt, &buf, buf.count, isSensitive ? RPP_ECHO_OFF : RPP_ECHO_ON) else {
       throw StdinCredentialsError.CredentialRequired(which: name)

Sources/tart/DiskImageFormat.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import Foundation
+import ArgumentParser
+
+enum DiskImageFormat: String, CaseIterable, Codable {
+  case raw = "raw"
+  case asif = "asif"
+
+  var displayName: String {
+    switch self {
+    case .raw:
+      return "RAW"
+    case .asif:
+      return "ASIF (Apple Sparse Image Format)"
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /// Check if the format is supported on the current system
+  var isSupported: Bool {
+    switch self {
+    case .raw:
+      return true
+    case .asif:
+      if #available(macOS 26, *) {
+        return true
+      } else {
+        return false
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+}
+
+extension DiskImageFormat: ExpressibleByArgument {
+  init?(argument: String) {
+    self.init(rawValue: argument.lowercased())
+  }
+
+  static var allValueStrings: [String] {
+    return allCases.map { $0.rawValue }
+  }
+}

Sources/tart/Diskutil.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+import Foundation
+
+struct ImageInfo: Codable {
+  let sizeInfo: SizeInfo?
+  let size: UInt64?
+
+  enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
+    case sizeInfo = "Size Info"
+    case size = "Size"
+  }
+
+  func totalBytes() throws -> Int {
+    if let totalBytes = self.sizeInfo?.totalBytes {
+      return Int(totalBytes)
+    }
+
+    if let size = self.size {
+      return Int(size)
+    }
+
+    throw RuntimeError.Generic("Could not find size information in disk image info")
+  }
+}
+
+struct SizeInfo: Codable {
+  let totalBytes: UInt64?
+
+  enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
+    case totalBytes = "Total Bytes"
+  }
+}
+
+struct Diskutil {
+  static func imageCreate(diskURL: URL, sizeGB: UInt16) throws {
+    do {
+      _ = try run([
+        "image", "create", "blank",
+        "--format", "ASIF",
+        "--size", "\(sizeGB)G",
+        "--volumeName", "Tart",
+        diskURL.path
+      ])
+    } catch {
+      throw RuntimeError.FailedToCreateDisk("Failed to create ASIF disk image: \(error)")
+    }
+  }
+
+  static func imageInfo(_ diskURL: URL) throws -> ImageInfo {
+    do {
+      let (stdoutData, _) = try run([
+        "image", "info", "--plist",
+        diskURL.path
+      ])
+
+      do {
+        return try PropertyListDecoder().decode(ImageInfo.self, from: stdoutData)
+      } catch {
+        throw RuntimeError.Generic("Failed to parse \"diskutil image info --plist\" output: \(error)")
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static func run(_ arguments: [String]) throws -> (Data, Data) {
+    guard let diskutilURL = resolveBinaryPath("diskutil") else {
+      throw RuntimeError.Generic("\"diskutil\" binary is not found in PATH")
+    }
+
+    let process = Process()
+    process.executableURL = diskutilURL
+    process.arguments = arguments
+
+    let stdoutPipe = Pipe()
+    process.standardOutput = stdoutPipe
+    let stderrPipe = Pipe()
+    process.standardError = stderrPipe
+
+    do {
+      try process.run()
+    } catch {
+      throw RuntimeError.Generic("\"\(arguments.joined(separator: " "))\" failed: \(error)")
+    }
+    process.waitUntilExit()
+
+    let stdoutData = stdoutPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
+    let stderrData = stderrPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
+
+    if process.terminationStatus != 0 {
+      let stdoutString = String(data: stdoutData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
+      let stderrString = String(data: stderrData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
+
+      throw RuntimeError.Generic("\"\(arguments.joined(separator: " "))\" failed with exit code \(process.terminationStatus): \(firstNonEmptyLine(stderrString, stdoutString))")
+    }
+
+    return (stdoutData, stderrData)
+  }
+
+  private static func firstNonEmptyLine(_ outputs: String...) -> String {
+    for output in outputs {
+      for line in output.split(separator: "\n", omittingEmptySubsequences: false) {
+        if !line.isEmpty {
+          return String(line)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return ""
+  }
+}

Sources/tart/Logging/ProgressObserver.swift

@@ -4,18 +4,28 @@ public class ProgressObserver: NSObject {
   @objc var progressToObserve: Progress
   var observation: NSKeyValueObservation?
   var lastTimeUpdated = Date.now
+  private var lastRenderedLine: String?
 
   public init(_ progress: Progress) {
     progressToObserve = progress
   }
 
   func log(_ renderer: Logger) {
-    renderer.appendNewLine(ProgressObserver.lineToRender(progressToObserve))
+    let initialLine = ProgressObserver.lineToRender(progressToObserve)
+    renderer.appendNewLine(initialLine)
+    lastRenderedLine = initialLine
     observation = observe(\.progressToObserve.fractionCompleted) { progress, _ in
       let currentTime = Date.now
       if self.progressToObserve.isFinished || currentTime.timeIntervalSince(self.lastTimeUpdated) >= 1.0 {
         self.lastTimeUpdated = currentTime
-        renderer.updateLastLine(ProgressObserver.lineToRender(self.progressToObserve))
+        let line = ProgressObserver.lineToRender(self.progressToObserve)
+        // Skip identical renders so non-interactive logs only see new percent values.
+        if line == self.lastRenderedLine {
+          return
+        }
+
+        self.lastRenderedLine = line
+        renderer.updateLastLine(line)
       }
     }
   }

Sources/tart/MACAddressResolver/AgentResolver.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import Foundation
+import Network
+import NIOPosix
+import GRPC
+import Cirruslabs_TartGuestAgent_Apple_Swift
+import Cirruslabs_TartGuestAgent_Grpc_Swift
+
+class AgentResolver {
+  static func ResolveIP(_ controlSocketPath: String) async throws -> IPv4Address? {
+    do {
+      return try await resolveIP(controlSocketPath)
+    } catch let error as GRPCConnectionPoolError {
+      return nil
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static func resolveIP(_ controlSocketPath: String) async throws -> IPv4Address? {
+    // Create a gRPC channel connected to the VM's control socket
+    let group = MultiThreadedEventLoopGroup(numberOfThreads: 1)
+    defer {
+      try! group.syncShutdownGracefully()
+    }
+
+    let channel = try GRPCChannelPool.with(
+      target: .unixDomainSocket(controlSocketPath),
+      transportSecurity: .plaintext,
+      eventLoopGroup: group,
+    )
+    defer {
+      try! channel.close().wait()
+    }
+
+    // Invoke ResolveIP() gRPC method
+    let callOptions = CallOptions(timeLimit: .timeout(.seconds(1)))
+    let agentAsyncClient = AgentAsyncClient(channel: channel)
+    let resolveIPCall = agentAsyncClient.makeResolveIpCall(ResolveIPRequest(), callOptions: callOptions)
+
+    let response = try await resolveIPCall.response
+
+    return IPv4Address(response.ip)
+  }
+}

Sources/tart/OCI/Layerizer/DiskV1.swift

@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-import Foundation
-import Compression
-
-class DiskV1: Disk {
-  private static let bufferSizeBytes = 4 * 1024 * 1024
-  private static let layerLimitBytes = 500 * 1000 * 1000
-
-  static func push(diskURL: URL, registry: Registry, chunkSizeMb: Int, concurrency: UInt, progress: Progress) async throws -> [OCIManifestLayer] {
-    var pushedLayers: [OCIManifestLayer] = []
-
-    // Open the disk file
-    let mappedDisk = try Data(contentsOf: diskURL, options: [.alwaysMapped])
-    var mappedDiskReadOffset = 0
-
-    // Compress the disk file as a single stream
-    let compressingFilter = try InputFilter(.compress, using: .lz4, bufferCapacity: Self.bufferSizeBytes) { (length: Int) -> Data? in
-      // Determine the size of the next chunk
-      let bytesRead = min(length, mappedDisk.count - mappedDiskReadOffset)
-
-      // Read the next uncompressed chunk
-      let data = mappedDisk.subdata(in: mappedDiskReadOffset ..< mappedDiskReadOffset + bytesRead)
-
-      // Advance the offset
-      mappedDiskReadOffset += bytesRead
-
-      // Provide the uncompressed chunk to the compressing filter
-      return data
-    }
-
-    // Cut the compressed stream into layers, each equal exactly ``Self.layerLimitBytes`` bytes,
-    // except for the last one, which may be smaller
-    while let compressedData = try compressingFilter.readData(ofLength: Self.layerLimitBytes) {
-      let layerDigest = try await registry.pushBlob(fromData: compressedData, chunkSizeMb: chunkSizeMb)
-
-      pushedLayers.append(OCIManifestLayer(
-        mediaType: diskV1MediaType,
-        size: compressedData.count,
-        digest: layerDigest
-      ))
-
-      // Update progress using an absolute value
-      progress.completedUnitCount = Int64(mappedDiskReadOffset)
-    }
-
-    return pushedLayers
-  }
-
-  static func pull(registry: Registry, diskLayers: [OCIManifestLayer], diskURL: URL, concurrency: UInt, progress: Progress, localLayerCache: LocalLayerCache? = nil, deduplicate: Bool = false) async throws {
-    if !FileManager.default.createFile(atPath: diskURL.path, contents: nil) {
-      throw OCIError.FailedToCreateVmFile
-    }
-
-    // Open the disk file
-    let disk = try FileHandle(forWritingTo: diskURL)
-    defer { try! disk.close() }
-
-    // Decompress the layers onto the disk in a single stream
-    let filter = try OutputFilter(.decompress, using: .lz4, bufferCapacity: Self.bufferSizeBytes) { data in
-      if let data = data {
-        try disk.write(contentsOf: data)
-      }
-    }
-
-    for diskLayer in diskLayers {
-      try await registry.pullBlob(diskLayer.digest) { data in
-        try filter.write(data)
-
-        // Update the progress
-        progress.completedUnitCount += Int64(data.count)
-      }
-    }
-
-    try filter.finalize()
-  }
-}

Sources/tart/OCI/Manifest.swift

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ let ociConfigMediaType = "application/vnd.oci.image.config.v1+json"
 
 // Layer media types
 let configMediaType = "application/vnd.cirruslabs.tart.config.v1"
-let diskV1MediaType = "application/vnd.cirruslabs.tart.disk.v1"
 let diskV2MediaType = "application/vnd.cirruslabs.tart.disk.v2"
 let nvramMediaType = "application/vnd.cirruslabs.tart.nvram.v1"
 
@@ -14,6 +13,9 @@ let nvramMediaType = "application/vnd.cirruslabs.tart.nvram.v1"
 let uncompressedDiskSizeAnnotation = "org.cirruslabs.tart.uncompressed-disk-size"
 let uploadTimeAnnotation = "org.cirruslabs.tart.upload-time"
 
+// Manifest labels
+let diskFormatLabel = "org.cirruslabs.tart.disk.format"
+
 // Layer annotations
 let uncompressedSizeAnnotation = "org.cirruslabs.tart.uncompressed-size"
 let uncompressedContentDigestAnnotation = "org.cirruslabs.tart.uncompressed-content-digest"
@@ -66,6 +68,11 @@ struct OCIManifest: Codable, Equatable {
 struct OCIConfig: Codable {
   var architecture: Architecture = .arm64
   var os: OS = .darwin
+  var config: ConfigContainer?
+
+  struct ConfigContainer: Codable {
+    var Labels: [String: String]?
+  }
 
   func toJSON() throws -> Data {
     try Config.jsonEncoder().encode(self)

Sources/tart/OCI/Registry.swift

@@ -429,8 +429,12 @@ class Registry {
     }
 
     for provider in credentialsProviders {
-      if let (user, password) = try provider.retrieve(host: host) {
+      do {
-        return (user, password)
+        if let (user, password) = try provider.retrieve(host: host) {
+          return (user, password)
+        }
+      } catch (let e) {
+        print("Failed to retrieve credentials using \(provider.userFriendlyName), authentication may fail: \(e)")
       }
     }
     return nil

Sources/tart/OTel.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import Foundation
+import OpenTelemetryApi
+import OpenTelemetrySdk
+import OpenTelemetryProtocolExporterHttp
+import ResourceExtension
+
+class OTel {
+  let tracerProvider: TracerProviderSdk?
+  let tracer: Tracer
+
+  static let shared = OTel()
+
+  init() {
+    tracerProvider = Self.initializeTracing()
+    tracer = OpenTelemetry.instance.tracerProvider.get(instrumentationName: "tart", instrumentationVersion: CI.version)
+  }
+
+  static func initializeTracing() -> TracerProviderSdk? {
+    guard let _ = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["TRACEPARENT"] else {
+      return nil
+    }
+
+    var resource = DefaultResources().get()
+
+    resource.merge(other: Resource(attributes: [
+      SemanticConventions.Service.name.rawValue: .string("tart"),
+      SemanticConventions.Service.version.rawValue: .string(CI.version)
+    ]))
+
+    let spanExporter: SpanExporter
+    if let endpointRaw = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT"],
+       let endpoint = URL(string: endpointRaw) {
+      spanExporter = OtlpHttpTraceExporter(endpoint: endpoint)
+    } else {
+      spanExporter = OtlpHttpTraceExporter()
+    }
+    let spanProcessor = SimpleSpanProcessor(spanExporter: spanExporter)
+    let tracerProvider = TracerProviderBuilder()
+      .add(spanProcessor: spanProcessor)
+      .with(resource: resource)
+      .build()
+
+    OpenTelemetry.registerTracerProvider(tracerProvider: tracerProvider)
+
+    return tracerProvider
+  }
+
+  func flush() {
+    OpenTelemetry.instance.contextProvider.activeSpan?.end()
+
+    guard let tracerProvider else {
+      // No tracing was initialized, so just ending a span is enough
+      return
+    }
+
+    tracerProvider.forceFlush()
+
+    // Work around OpenTelemtry not flushing traces after explicitly asking it to do so
+    //
+    // [1]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-swift/issues/685
+    // [2]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-swift/issues/555
+    Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: .fromMilliseconds(100))
+  }
+}

Sources/tart/Platform/Darwin.swift

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ struct UnsupportedHostOSError: Error, CustomStringConvertible {
     func graphicsDevice(vmConfig: VMConfig) -> VZGraphicsDeviceConfiguration {
       let result = VZMacGraphicsDeviceConfiguration()
 
-      if let hostMainScreen = NSScreen.main {
+      if (vmConfig.display.unit ?? .point) == .point, let hostMainScreen = NSScreen.main {
         let vmScreenSize = NSSize(width: vmConfig.display.width, height: vmConfig.display.height)
         result.displays = [
           VZMacGraphicsDisplayConfiguration(for: hostMainScreen, sizeInPoints: vmScreenSize)
@@ -127,6 +127,11 @@ struct UnsupportedHostOSError: Error, CustomStringConvertible {
       [VZUSBScreenCoordinatePointingDeviceConfiguration(), VZMacTrackpadConfiguration()]
     }
 
+    func pointingDevicesSimplified() -> [VZPointingDeviceConfiguration] {
+      // Only include the USB pointing device, not the trackpad
+      return [VZUSBScreenCoordinatePointingDeviceConfiguration()]
+    }
+
     func pointingDevicesSuspendable() -> [VZPointingDeviceConfiguration] {
       if #available(macOS 14, *) {
         return [VZMacTrackpadConfiguration()]

Sources/tart/Platform/Linux.swift

@@ -42,4 +42,9 @@ struct Linux: Platform {
   func pointingDevices() -> [VZPointingDeviceConfiguration] {
     [VZUSBScreenCoordinatePointingDeviceConfiguration()]
   }
+
+  func pointingDevicesSimplified() -> [VZPointingDeviceConfiguration] {
+    // Linux doesn't support trackpad, so just return the regular pointing devices
+    return pointingDevices()
+  }
 }

Sources/tart/Platform/Platform.swift

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ protocol Platform: Codable {
   func graphicsDevice(vmConfig: VMConfig) -> VZGraphicsDeviceConfiguration
   func keyboards() -> [VZKeyboardConfiguration]
   func pointingDevices() -> [VZPointingDeviceConfiguration]
+  func pointingDevicesSimplified() -> [VZPointingDeviceConfiguration]
 }
 
 protocol PlatformSuspendable: Platform {

Sources/tart/Root.swift

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import ArgumentParser
 import Darwin
 import Foundation
-import Sentry
+import OpenTelemetryApi
+import OpenTelemetrySdk
+import OpenTelemetryProtocolExporterHttp
 
 @main
 struct Root: AsyncParsableCommand {
@@ -18,6 +20,7 @@ struct Root: AsyncParsableCommand {
       Login.self,
       Logout.self,
       IP.self,
+      Exec.self,
       Pull.self,
       Push.self,
       Import.self,
@@ -30,39 +33,6 @@ struct Root: AsyncParsableCommand {
     ])
 
   public static func main() async throws {
-    // Initialize Sentry
-    if let dsn = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["SENTRY_DSN"] {
-      SentrySDK.start { options in
-        options.dsn = dsn
-        options.releaseName = CI.release
-        options.tracesSampleRate = Float(
-          ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["SENTRY_TRACES_SAMPLE_RATE"] ?? "1.0"
-        ) as NSNumber?
-
-        // By default only 5XX are captured
-        // Let's capture everything but 401 (unauthorized)
-        options.enableCaptureFailedRequests = true
-        options.failedRequestStatusCodes = [
-          HttpStatusCodeRange(min: 400, max: 400),
-          HttpStatusCodeRange(min: 402, max: 599)
-        ]
-      }
-    }
-    defer { SentrySDK.flush(timeout: 2.seconds.timeInterval) }
-
-    SentrySDK.configureScope { scope in
-      scope.setExtra(value: ProcessInfo.processInfo.arguments, key: "Command-line arguments")
-    }
-
-    // Enrich future events with Cirrus CI-specific tags
-    if let tags = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["CIRRUS_SENTRY_TAGS"] {
-      SentrySDK.configureScope { scope in
-        for (key, value) in tags.split(separator: ",").compactMap({ parseCirrusSentryTag($0) }) {
-          scope.setTag(value: value, key: key)
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
     // Add commands that are only available on specific macOS versions
     if #available(macOS 14, *) {
       configuration.subcommands.append(Suspend.self)
@@ -82,33 +52,60 @@ struct Root: AsyncParsableCommand {
     // Set line-buffered output for stdout
     setlinebuf(stdout)
 
-    // Parse and run command
+    defer { OTel.shared.flush() }
+
     do {
+      // Parse command
       var command = try parseAsRoot()
 
+      // Create a root span for the command we're about to run
+      let span = OTel.shared.tracer.spanBuilder(spanName: type(of: command)._commandName).startSpan()
+      defer { span.end() }
+      OpenTelemetry.instance.contextProvider.setActiveSpan(span)
+
+      // Enrich root command span with command's arguments
+      let commandLineArguments = ProcessInfo.processInfo.arguments.map { argument in
+        AttributeValue.string(argument)
+      }
+      span.setAttribute(key: "Command-line arguments", value: .array(AttributeArray(values: commandLineArguments)))
+
+      // Enrich root command span with Cirrus CI-specific tags
+      if let tags = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["CIRRUS_SENTRY_TAGS"] {
+        for (key, value) in tags.split(separator: ",").compactMap(splitEnvironmentVariable) {
+          span.setAttribute(key: key, value: .string(value))
+        }
+      }
+
       // Run garbage-collection before each command (shouldn't take too long)
       if type(of: command) != type(of: Pull()) && type(of: command) != type(of: Clone()){
         do {
           try Config().gc()
         } catch {
-          fputs("Failed to perform garbage collection!\n\(error)\n", stderr)
+          fputs("Failed to perform garbage collection: \(error)\n", stderr)
         }
       }
 
+      // Run command
       if var asyncCommand = command as? AsyncParsableCommand {
         try await asyncCommand.run()
       } else {
         try command.run()
       }
     } catch {
-      // Capture the error into Sentry
+      // Not an error, just a custom exit code from "tart exec"
-      SentrySDK.capture(error: error)
+      if let execCustomExitCodeError = error as? ExecCustomExitCodeError {
-      SentrySDK.flush(timeout: 2.seconds.timeInterval)
+        OTel.shared.flush()
+        Foundation.exit(execCustomExitCodeError.exitCode)
+      }
+
+      // Capture the error into OpenTelemetry
+      OpenTelemetry.instance.contextProvider.activeSpan?.recordException(error)
 
       // Handle a non-ArgumentParser's exception that requires a specific exit code to be set
       if let errorWithExitCode = error as? HasExitCode {
         fputs("\(error)\n", stderr)
 
+        OTel.shared.flush()
         Foundation.exit(errorWithExitCode.exitCode)
       }
 
@@ -117,7 +114,7 @@ struct Root: AsyncParsableCommand {
     }
   }
 
-  private static func parseCirrusSentryTag(_ tag: String.SubSequence) -> (String, String)? {
+  private static func splitEnvironmentVariable(_ tag: String.SubSequence) -> (String, String)? {
     let splits = tag.split(separator: "=", maxSplits: 1)
     if splits.count != 2 {
       return nil

Sources/tart/ShellCompletions/ShellCompletions.swift

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ fileprivate func normalizeName(_ name: String) -> String {
   return name.replacingOccurrences(of: ":", with: "\\:")
 }
 
-func completeMachines(_ arguments: [String]) -> [String] {
+func completeMachines(_ arguments: [String], _ argumentIdx: Int, _ argumentPrefix: String) -> [String] {
   let localVMs = (try? VMStorageLocal().list().map { name, _ in
     normalizeName(name)
   }) ?? []
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ func completeMachines(_ arguments: [String]) -> [String] {
   return (localVMs + ociVMs)
 }
 
-func completeLocalMachines(_ arguments: [String]) -> [String] {
+func completeLocalMachines(_ arguments: [String], _ argumentIdx: Int, _ argumentPrefix: String) -> [String] {
   let localVMs = (try? VMStorageLocal().list()) ?? []
   return localVMs.map { name, _ in normalizeName(name) }
 }
 
-func completeRunningMachines(_ arguments: [String]) -> [String] {
+func completeRunningMachines(_ arguments: [String], _ argumentIdx: Int, _ argumentPrefix: String) -> [String] {
   let localVMs = (try? VMStorageLocal().list()) ?? []
   return localVMs
     .filter { _, vmDir in (try? vmDir.state() == .Running) ?? false}

Sources/tart/Term.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import Foundation
+import System
+
+struct State {
+  fileprivate let termios: termios
+}
+
+class Term {
+  static func IsTerminal() -> Bool {
+    var termios = termios()
+
+    return tcgetattr(FileHandle.standardInput.fileDescriptor, &termios) != -1
+  }
+
+  static func MakeRaw() throws -> State {
+    var termiosOrig = termios()
+
+    var ret = tcgetattr(FileHandle.standardInput.fileDescriptor, &termiosOrig)
+    if ret == -1 {
+      let details = Errno(rawValue: CInt(errno))
+
+      throw RuntimeError.TerminalOperationFailed("failed to retrieve terminal parameters: \(details)")
+    }
+
+    var termiosRaw = termiosOrig
+    cfmakeraw(&termiosRaw)
+
+    ret = tcsetattr(FileHandle.standardInput.fileDescriptor, TCSANOW, &termiosRaw)
+    if ret == -1 {
+      let details = Errno(rawValue: CInt(errno))
+
+      throw RuntimeError.TerminalOperationFailed("failed to set terminal parameters: \(details)")
+    }
+
+    return State(termios: termiosOrig)
+  }
+
+  static func Restore(_ state: State) throws {
+    var termios = state.termios
+
+    let ret = tcsetattr(FileHandle.standardInput.fileDescriptor, TCSANOW, &termios)
+    if ret == -1 {
+      let details = Errno(rawValue: CInt(errno))
+
+      throw RuntimeError.TerminalOperationFailed("failed to set terminal parameters: \(details)")
+    }
+  }
+
+  static func GetSize() throws -> (width: UInt16, height: UInt16) {
+    var winsize = winsize()
+
+    guard ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &winsize) != -1 else {
+      let details = Errno(rawValue: CInt(errno))
+
+      throw RuntimeError.TerminalOperationFailed("failed to get terminal size: \(details)")
+    }
+
+    return (width: winsize.ws_col, height: winsize.ws_row)
+  }
+}

Sources/tart/VM.swift

@@ -50,7 +50,10 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
        audio: Bool = true,
        clipboard: Bool = true,
        sync: VZDiskImageSynchronizationMode = .full,
-       caching: VZDiskImageCachingMode? = nil
+       caching: VZDiskImageCachingMode? = nil,
+       noTrackpad: Bool = false,
+       noPointer: Bool = false,
+       noKeyboard: Bool = false
   ) throws {
     name = vmDir.name
     config = try VMConfig.init(fromURL: vmDir.configURL)
@@ -71,7 +74,10 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
                                                 audio: audio,
                                                 clipboard: clipboard,
                                                 sync: sync,
-                                                caching: caching
+                                                caching: caching,
+                                                noTrackpad: noTrackpad,
+                                                noPointer: noPointer,
+                                                noKeyboard: noKeyboard
     )
     virtualMachine = VZVirtualMachine(configuration: configuration)
 
@@ -141,6 +147,7 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
       vmDir: VMDirectory,
       ipswURL: URL,
       diskSizeGB: UInt16,
+      diskFormat: DiskImageFormat = .raw,
       network: Network = NetworkShared(),
       additionalStorageDevices: [VZStorageDeviceConfiguration] = [],
       directorySharingDevices: [VZDirectorySharingDeviceConfiguration] = [],
@@ -173,14 +180,15 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
       _ = try VZMacAuxiliaryStorage(creatingStorageAt: vmDir.nvramURL, hardwareModel: requirements.hardwareModel)
 
       // Create disk
-      try vmDir.resizeDisk(diskSizeGB)
+      try vmDir.resizeDisk(diskSizeGB, format: diskFormat)
 
       name = vmDir.name
       // Create config
       config = VMConfig(
         platform: Darwin(ecid: VZMacMachineIdentifier(), hardwareModel: requirements.hardwareModel),
         cpuCountMin: requirements.minimumSupportedCPUCount,
-        memorySizeMin: requirements.minimumSupportedMemorySize
+        memorySizeMin: requirements.minimumSupportedMemorySize,
+        diskFormat: diskFormat
       )
       // allocate at least 4 CPUs because otherwise VMs are frequently freezing
       try config.setCPU(cpuCount: max(4, requirements.minimumSupportedCPUCount))
@@ -222,15 +230,15 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
   #endif
 
   @available(macOS 13, *)
-  static func linux(vmDir: VMDirectory, diskSizeGB: UInt16) async throws -> VM {
+  static func linux(vmDir: VMDirectory, diskSizeGB: UInt16, diskFormat: DiskImageFormat = .raw) async throws -> VM {
     // Create NVRAM
     _ = try VZEFIVariableStore(creatingVariableStoreAt: vmDir.nvramURL)
 
     // Create disk
-    try vmDir.resizeDisk(diskSizeGB)
+    try vmDir.resizeDisk(diskSizeGB, format: diskFormat)
 
     // Create config
-    let config = VMConfig(platform: Linux(), cpuCountMin: 4, memorySizeMin: 4096 * 1024 * 1024)
+    let config = VMConfig(platform: Linux(), cpuCountMin: 4, memorySizeMin: 4096 * 1024 * 1024, diskFormat: diskFormat)
     try config.save(toURL: vmDir.configURL)
 
     return try VM(vmDir: vmDir)
@@ -246,6 +254,19 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
     }
   }
 
+  @MainActor
+  func connect(toPort: UInt32) async throws -> VZVirtioSocketConnection {
+    guard let socketDevice = virtualMachine.socketDevices.first else {
+      throw RuntimeError.VMSocketFailed(toPort, ", VM has no socket devices configured")
+    }
+
+    guard let virtioSocketDevice = socketDevice as? VZVirtioSocketDevice else {
+      throw RuntimeError.VMSocketFailed(toPort, ", expected VM's first socket device to have a type of VZVirtioSocketDevice, got \(type(of: socketDevice)) instead")
+    }
+
+    return try await virtioSocketDevice.connect(toPort: toPort)
+  }
+
   func run() async throws {
     do {
       try await sema.waitUnlessCancelled()
@@ -298,7 +319,10 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
     audio: Bool = true,
     clipboard: Bool = true,
     sync: VZDiskImageSynchronizationMode = .full,
-    caching: VZDiskImageCachingMode? = nil
+    caching: VZDiskImageCachingMode? = nil,
+    noTrackpad: Bool = false,
+    noPointer: Bool = false,
+    noKeyboard: Bool = false
   ) throws -> VZVirtualMachineConfiguration {
     let configuration = VZVirtualMachineConfiguration()
 
@@ -338,8 +362,20 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
       configuration.keyboards = platformSuspendable.keyboardsSuspendable()
       configuration.pointingDevices = platformSuspendable.pointingDevicesSuspendable()
     } else {
-      configuration.keyboards = vmConfig.platform.keyboards()
+
-      configuration.pointingDevices = vmConfig.platform.pointingDevices()
+      if noKeyboard {
+        configuration.keyboards = []
+      } else {
+        configuration.keyboards = vmConfig.platform.keyboards()
+      }
+
+      if noPointer {
+        configuration.pointingDevices = []
+      } else if noTrackpad {
+        configuration.pointingDevices = vmConfig.platform.pointingDevicesSimplified()
+      } else {
+        configuration.pointingDevices = vmConfig.platform.pointingDevices()
+      }
     }
 
     // Networking
@@ -351,17 +387,19 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
     }
 
     // Clipboard sharing via Spice agent
-    if clipboard && vmConfig.os == .linux {
+    if clipboard {
       let spiceAgentConsoleDevice = VZVirtioConsoleDeviceConfiguration()
       let spiceAgentPort = VZVirtioConsolePortConfiguration()
       spiceAgentPort.name = VZSpiceAgentPortAttachment.spiceAgentPortName
-      spiceAgentPort.attachment = VZSpiceAgentPortAttachment()
+      let spiceAgentPortAttachment = VZSpiceAgentPortAttachment()
+      spiceAgentPortAttachment.sharesClipboard = true
+      spiceAgentPort.attachment = spiceAgentPortAttachment
       spiceAgentConsoleDevice.ports[0] = spiceAgentPort
       configuration.consoleDevices.append(spiceAgentConsoleDevice)
     }
 
     // Storage
-    let attachment: VZDiskImageStorageDeviceAttachment =  try VZDiskImageStorageDeviceAttachment(
+    var attachment = try VZDiskImageStorageDeviceAttachment(
       url: diskURL,
       readOnly: false,
       // When not specified, use "cached" caching mode for Linux VMs to prevent file-system corruption[1]
@@ -390,15 +428,16 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
     //
     // A dummy console device useful for implementing
     // host feature checks in the guest agent software.
-    if !suspendable {
+    let consolePort = VZVirtioConsolePortConfiguration()
-      let consolePort = VZVirtioConsolePortConfiguration()
+    consolePort.name = "tart-version-\(CI.version)"
-      consolePort.name = "tart-version-\(CI.version)"
 
-      let consoleDevice = VZVirtioConsoleDeviceConfiguration()
+    let consoleDevice = VZVirtioConsoleDeviceConfiguration()
-      consoleDevice.ports[0] = consolePort
+    consoleDevice.ports[0] = consolePort
 
-      configuration.consoleDevices.append(consoleDevice)
+    configuration.consoleDevices.append(consoleDevice)
-    }
+
+    // Socket device
+    configuration.socketDevices = [VZVirtioSocketDeviceConfiguration()]
 
     try configuration.validate()
 

Sources/tart/VMConfig.swift

@@ -25,20 +25,31 @@ enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
   case macAddress
   case display
   case displayRefit
+  case diskFormat
 
   // macOS-specific keys
   case ecid
   case hardwareModel
 }
 
-struct VMDisplayConfig: Codable {
+struct VMDisplayConfig: Codable, Equatable {
+  enum Unit: String, Codable {
+    case point = "pt"
+    case pixel = "px"
+  }
+
   var width: Int = 1024
   var height: Int = 768
+  var unit: Unit?
 }
 
 extension VMDisplayConfig: CustomStringConvertible {
   var description: String {
-    "\(width)x\(height)"
+    if let unit {
+      "\(width)x\(height)\(unit.rawValue)"
+    } else {
+      "\(width)x\(height)"
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -54,12 +65,14 @@ struct VMConfig: Codable {
   var macAddress: VZMACAddress
   var display: VMDisplayConfig = VMDisplayConfig()
   var displayRefit: Bool?
+  var diskFormat: DiskImageFormat = .raw
 
   init(
     platform: Platform,
     cpuCountMin: Int,
     memorySizeMin: UInt64,
-    macAddress: VZMACAddress = VZMACAddress.randomLocallyAdministered()
+    macAddress: VZMACAddress = VZMACAddress.randomLocallyAdministered(),
+    diskFormat: DiskImageFormat = .raw
   ) {
     self.os = platform.os()
     self.arch = CurrentArchitecture()
@@ -67,6 +80,7 @@ struct VMConfig: Codable {
     self.macAddress = macAddress
     self.cpuCountMin = cpuCountMin
     self.memorySizeMin = memorySizeMin
+    self.diskFormat = diskFormat
     cpuCount = cpuCountMin
     memorySize = memorySizeMin
   }
@@ -124,6 +138,8 @@ struct VMConfig: Codable {
 
     display = try container.decodeIfPresent(VMDisplayConfig.self, forKey: .display) ?? VMDisplayConfig()
     displayRefit = try container.decodeIfPresent(Bool.self, forKey: .displayRefit)
+    let diskFormatString = try container.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .diskFormat) ?? "raw"
+    diskFormat = DiskImageFormat(rawValue: diskFormatString) ?? .raw
   }
 
   func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
@@ -142,6 +158,7 @@ struct VMConfig: Codable {
     if let displayRefit = displayRefit {
       try container.encode(displayRefit, forKey: .displayRefit)
     }
+    try container.encode(diskFormat.rawValue, forKey: .diskFormat)
   }
 
   mutating func setCPU(cpuCount: Int) throws {

Sources/tart/VMDirectory+OCI.swift

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import Compression
 import Foundation
-import Sentry
+import OpenTelemetryApi
+
+let legacyDiskV1MediaType = "application/vnd.cirruslabs.tart.disk.v1"
 
 enum OCIError: Error {
   case ShouldBeExactlyOneLayer
@@ -29,21 +31,20 @@ extension VMDirectory {
     try configFile.close()
 
     // Pull VM's disk layers and decompress them into a disk file
-    let diskImplType: Disk.Type
+    if manifest.layers.contains(where: { $0.mediaType == legacyDiskV1MediaType }) {
-    let layers: [OCIManifestLayer]
+      throw RuntimeError.Generic("Pulling OCI images with legacy disk media type \(legacyDiskV1MediaType) is no longer supported, please re-push the image using a current Tart version")
+    }
 
-    if manifest.layers.contains(where: { $0.mediaType == diskV1MediaType }) {
+    let layers = manifest.layers.filter { $0.mediaType == diskV2MediaType }
-      diskImplType = DiskV1.self
+    if layers.isEmpty {
-      layers = manifest.layers.filter { $0.mediaType == diskV1MediaType }
-    } else if manifest.layers.contains(where: { $0.mediaType == diskV2MediaType }) {
-      diskImplType = DiskV2.self
-      layers = manifest.layers.filter { $0.mediaType == diskV2MediaType }
-    } else {
       throw OCIError.ShouldBeAtLeastOneLayer
     }
 
     let diskCompressedSize = layers.map { Int64($0.size) }.reduce(0, +)
-    SentrySDK.span?.setMeasurement(name: "compressed_disk_size", value: diskCompressedSize as NSNumber, unit: MeasurementUnitInformation.byte)
+    OpenTelemetry.instance.contextProvider.activeSpan?.setAttribute(
+      key: "compressed_disk_size_bytes",
+      value: .int(Int(diskCompressedSize))
+    )
 
     let prettyDiskSize = String(format: "%.1f", Double(diskCompressedSize) / 1_000_000_000.0)
     defaultLogger.appendNewLine("pulling disk (\(prettyDiskSize) GB compressed)...")
@@ -52,10 +53,10 @@ extension VMDirectory {
     ProgressObserver(progress).log(defaultLogger)
 
     do {
-      try await diskImplType.pull(registry: registry, diskLayers: layers, diskURL: diskURL,
+      try await DiskV2.pull(registry: registry, diskLayers: layers, diskURL: diskURL,
-                                  concurrency: concurrency, progress: progress,
+                            concurrency: concurrency, progress: progress,
-                                  localLayerCache: localLayerCache,
+                            localLayerCache: localLayerCache,
-                                  deduplicate: deduplicate)
+                            deduplicate: deduplicate)
     } catch let error where error is FilterError {
       throw RuntimeError.PullFailed("failed to decompress disk: \(error.localizedDescription)")
     }
@@ -87,11 +88,15 @@ extension VMDirectory {
     try manifest.toJSON().write(to: manifestURL)
   }
 
-  func pushToRegistry(registry: Registry, references: [String], chunkSizeMb: Int, diskFormat: String, concurrency: UInt) async throws -> RemoteName {
+  func pushToRegistry(registry: Registry, references: [String], chunkSizeMb: Int, concurrency: UInt, labels: [String: String] = [:]) async throws -> RemoteName {
     var layers = Array<OCIManifestLayer>()
 
     // Read VM's config and push it as blob
     let config = try VMConfig(fromURL: configURL)
+
+    // Add disk format label automatically
+    var labels = labels
+    labels[diskFormatLabel] = config.diskFormat.rawValue
     let configJSON = try JSONEncoder().encode(config)
     defaultLogger.appendNewLine("pushing config...")
     let configDigest = try await registry.pushBlob(fromData: configJSON, chunkSizeMb: chunkSizeMb)
@@ -104,14 +109,7 @@ extension VMDirectory {
     let progress = Progress(totalUnitCount: diskSize)
     ProgressObserver(progress).log(defaultLogger)
 
-    switch diskFormat {
+    layers.append(contentsOf: try await DiskV2.push(diskURL: diskURL, registry: registry, chunkSizeMb: chunkSizeMb, concurrency: concurrency, progress: progress))
-    case "v1":
-      layers.append(contentsOf: try await DiskV1.push(diskURL: diskURL, registry: registry, chunkSizeMb: chunkSizeMb, concurrency: concurrency, progress: progress))
-    case "v2":
-      layers.append(contentsOf: try await DiskV2.push(diskURL: diskURL, registry: registry, chunkSizeMb: chunkSizeMb, concurrency: concurrency, progress: progress))
-    default:
-      throw RuntimeError.OCIUnsupportedDiskFormat(diskFormat)
-    }
 
     // Read VM's NVRAM and push it as blob
     defaultLogger.appendNewLine("pushing NVRAM...")
@@ -121,7 +119,8 @@ extension VMDirectory {
     layers.append(OCIManifestLayer(mediaType: nvramMediaType, size: nvram.count, digest: nvramDigest))
 
     // Craft a stub OCI config for Docker Hub compatibility
-    let ociConfigJSON = try OCIConfig(architecture: config.arch, os: config.os).toJSON()
+    let ociConfigContainer = OCIConfig.ConfigContainer(Labels: labels)
+    let ociConfigJSON = try OCIConfig(architecture: config.arch, os: config.os, config: ociConfigContainer).toJSON()
     let ociConfigDigest = try await registry.pushBlob(fromData: ociConfigJSON, chunkSizeMb: chunkSizeMb)
     let manifest = OCIManifest(
       config: OCIManifestConfig(size: ociConfigJSON.count, digest: ociConfigDigest),

Sources/tart/VMDirectory.swift

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ struct VMDirectory: Prunable {
   var manifestURL: URL {
     baseURL.appendingPathComponent("manifest.json")
   }
+  var controlSocketURL: URL {
+    URL(fileURLWithPath: "control.sock", relativeTo: baseURL)
+  }
 
   var explicitlyPulledMark: URL {
     baseURL.appendingPathComponent(".explicitly-pulled")
@@ -139,14 +142,34 @@ struct VMDirectory: Prunable {
     try vmConfig.save(toURL: configURL)
   }
 
-  func resizeDisk(_ sizeGB: UInt16) throws {
+  func resizeDisk(_ sizeGB: UInt16, format: DiskImageFormat = .raw) throws {
-    if !FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: diskURL.path) {
+    let diskExists = FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: diskURL.path)
-      FileManager.default.createFile(atPath: diskURL.path, contents: nil, attributes: nil)
-    }
 
+    if diskExists {
+      // Existing disk - resize it
+      try resizeExistingDisk(sizeGB)
+    } else {
+      // New disk - create it with the specified format
+      try createDisk(sizeGB: sizeGB, format: format)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func resizeExistingDisk(_ sizeGB: UInt16) throws {
+    // Check if this is an ASIF disk by reading the VM config
+    let vmConfig = try VMConfig(fromURL: configURL)
+
+    if vmConfig.diskFormat == .asif {
+      try resizeASIFDisk(sizeGB)
+    } else {
+      try resizeRawDisk(sizeGB)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func resizeRawDisk(_ sizeGB: UInt16) throws {
     let diskFileHandle = try FileHandle.init(forWritingTo: diskURL)
     let currentDiskFileLength = try diskFileHandle.seekToEnd()
     let desiredDiskFileLength = UInt64(sizeGB) * 1000 * 1000 * 1000
+
     if desiredDiskFileLength < currentDiskFileLength {
       let currentLengthHuman = ByteCountFormatter().string(fromByteCount: Int64(currentDiskFileLength))
       let desiredLengthHuman = ByteCountFormatter().string(fromByteCount: Int64(desiredDiskFileLength))
@@ -158,6 +181,84 @@ struct VMDirectory: Prunable {
     try diskFileHandle.close()
   }
 
+  private func resizeASIFDisk(_ sizeGB: UInt16) throws {
+    do {
+      let diskImageInfo = try Diskutil.imageInfo(diskURL)
+
+      let currentSizeBytes = try diskImageInfo.totalBytes()
+      let desiredSizeBytes = UInt64(sizeGB) * 1000 * 1000 * 1000
+
+      if desiredSizeBytes < currentSizeBytes {
+        let currentLengthHuman = ByteCountFormatter().string(fromByteCount: Int64(currentSizeBytes))
+        let desiredLengthHuman = ByteCountFormatter().string(fromByteCount: Int64(desiredSizeBytes))
+
+        throw RuntimeError.InvalidDiskSize("New disk size of \(desiredLengthHuman) should be larger " +
+          "than the current disk size of \(currentLengthHuman)")
+      } else if desiredSizeBytes > currentSizeBytes {
+        // Resize the ASIF disk image using diskutil
+        try performASIFResize(sizeGB)
+      } else {
+        // If sizes are equal, no action needed
+      }
+    } catch let error as RuntimeError {
+      throw error
+    } catch {
+      throw RuntimeError.FailedToResizeDisk("\(error)")
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func performASIFResize(_ sizeGB: UInt16) throws {
+    guard let diskutilURL = resolveBinaryPath("diskutil") else {
+      throw RuntimeError.FailedToResizeDisk("diskutil not found in PATH")
+    }
+
+    let process = Process()
+    process.executableURL = diskutilURL
+    process.arguments = [
+      "image", "resize",
+      "--size", "\(sizeGB)G",
+      diskURL.path
+    ]
+
+    let pipe = Pipe()
+    process.standardOutput = pipe
+    process.standardError = pipe
+
+    do {
+      try process.run()
+      process.waitUntilExit()
+
+      let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
+
+      if process.terminationStatus != 0 {
+        let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) ?? "Unknown error"
+        throw RuntimeError.FailedToResizeDisk("Failed to resize ASIF disk image: \(output)")
+      }
+    } catch {
+      throw RuntimeError.FailedToResizeDisk("Failed to execute diskutil resize: \(error)")
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func createDisk(sizeGB: UInt16, format: DiskImageFormat) throws {
+    switch format {
+    case .raw:
+      try createRawDisk(sizeGB: sizeGB)
+    case .asif:
+      try Diskutil.imageCreate(diskURL: diskURL, sizeGB: sizeGB)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func createRawDisk(sizeGB: UInt16) throws {
+    // Create traditional raw disk image
+    FileManager.default.createFile(atPath: diskURL.path, contents: nil, attributes: nil)
+
+    let diskFileHandle = try FileHandle.init(forWritingTo: diskURL)
+    let desiredDiskFileLength = UInt64(sizeGB) * 1000 * 1000 * 1000
+    try diskFileHandle.truncate(atOffset: desiredDiskFileLength)
+    try diskFileHandle.close()
+  }
+
+
   func delete() throws {
     let lock = try lock()
 
@@ -198,6 +299,21 @@ struct VMDirectory: Prunable {
     try sizeBytes() / 1000 / 1000 / 1000
   }
 
+  func diskSizeBytes() throws -> Int {
+    let vmConfig = try VMConfig(fromURL: configURL)
+
+    return switch vmConfig.diskFormat {
+    case .raw:
+      try sizeBytes()
+    case .asif:
+      try Diskutil.imageInfo(diskURL).totalBytes()
+    }
+  }
+
+  func diskSizeGB() throws -> Int {
+    try diskSizeBytes() / 1000 / 1000 / 1000
+  }
+
   func markExplicitlyPulled() {
     FileManager.default.createFile(atPath: explicitlyPulledMark.path, contents: nil)
   }

Sources/tart/VMStorageHelper.swift

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ extension Error {
 }
 
 enum RuntimeError : Error {
+  case Generic(_ message: String)
   case VMConfigurationError(_ message: String)
   case VMDoesNotExist(name: String)
   case VMMissingFiles(_ message: String)
@@ -59,6 +60,8 @@ enum RuntimeError : Error {
   case DiskAlreadyInUse(_ message: String)
   case FailedToOpenBlockDevice(_ path: String, _ explanation: String)
   case InvalidDiskSize(_ message: String)
+  case FailedToCreateDisk(_ message: String)
+  case FailedToResizeDisk(_ message: String)
   case FailedToUpdateAccessDate(_ message: String)
   case PIDLockFailed(_ message: String)
   case PIDLockMissing(_ message: String)
@@ -71,10 +74,11 @@ enum RuntimeError : Error {
   case ImportFailed(_ message: String)
   case SoftnetFailed(_ message: String)
   case OCIStorageError(_ message: String)
-  case OCIUnsupportedDiskFormat(_ format: String)
   case SuspendFailed(_ message: String)
   case PullFailed(_ message: String)
   case VirtualMachineLimitExceeded(_ hint: String)
+  case VMSocketFailed(_ port: UInt32, _ explanation: String)
+  case TerminalOperationFailed(_ message: String)
 }
 
 protocol HasExitCode {
@@ -84,6 +88,8 @@ protocol HasExitCode {
 extension RuntimeError : CustomStringConvertible {
   public var description: String {
     switch self {
+    case .Generic(let message):
+      return message
     case .VMConfigurationError(let message):
       return message
     case .VMDoesNotExist(let name):
@@ -104,6 +110,10 @@ extension RuntimeError : CustomStringConvertible {
       return "failed to open block device \(path): \(explanation)"
     case .InvalidDiskSize(let message):
       return message
+    case .FailedToCreateDisk(let message):
+      return message
+    case .FailedToResizeDisk(let message):
+      return message
     case .FailedToUpdateAccessDate(let message):
       return message
     case .PIDLockFailed(let message):
@@ -128,14 +138,16 @@ extension RuntimeError : CustomStringConvertible {
       return "Softnet failed: \(message)"
     case .OCIStorageError(let message):
       return "OCI storage error: \(message)"
-    case .OCIUnsupportedDiskFormat(let format):
-      return "OCI disk format \(format) is not supported by this version of Tart"
     case .SuspendFailed(let message):
       return "Failed to suspend the VM: \(message)"
     case .PullFailed(let message):
       return message
     case .VirtualMachineLimitExceeded(let hint):
       return "The number of VMs exceeds the system limit\(hint)"
+    case .VMSocketFailed(let port, let explanation):
+      return "Failed to establish a VM socket connection to port \(port): \(explanation)"
+    case .TerminalOperationFailed(let message):
+      return message
     }
   }
 }
@@ -154,14 +166,3 @@ extension RuntimeError : HasExitCode {
     }
   }
 }
-
-// Customize error description for Sentry[1]
-//
-// [1]: https://docs.sentry.io/platforms/apple/guides/ios/usage/#customizing-error-descriptions
-extension RuntimeError : CustomNSError {
-  var errorUserInfo: [String : Any] {
-    [
-      NSDebugDescriptionErrorKey: description,
-    ]
-  }
-}

Sources/tart/VMStorageLocal.swift

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 import Foundation
 
 class VMStorageLocal: PrunableStorage {
-  let baseURL: URL = try! Config().tartHomeDir.appendingPathComponent("vms", isDirectory: true)
+  let baseURL: URL
+
+  init() throws {
+    baseURL = try Config().tartHomeDir.appendingPathComponent("vms", isDirectory: true)
+  }
 
   private func vmURL(_ name: String) -> URL {
     baseURL.appendingPathComponent(name, isDirectory: true)

Sources/tart/VMStorageOCI.swift

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 import Foundation
-import Sentry
+import OpenTelemetryApi
 import Retry
 
 class VMStorageOCI: PrunableStorage {
-  let baseURL = try! Config().tartCacheDir.appendingPathComponent("OCIs", isDirectory: true)
+  let baseURL: URL
+
+  init() throws {
+    baseURL = try Config().tartCacheDir.appendingPathComponent("OCIs", isDirectory: true)
+  }
 
   private func vmURL(_ name: RemoteName) -> URL {
     baseURL.appendingRemoteName(name)
@@ -27,12 +31,12 @@ class VMStorageOCI: PrunableStorage {
     return digest
   }
 
-  func open(_ name: RemoteName) throws -> VMDirectory {
+  func open(_ name: RemoteName, _ accessDate: Date = Date()) throws -> VMDirectory {
     let vmDir = VMDirectory(baseURL: vmURL(name))
 
     try vmDir.validate(userFriendlyName: name.description)
 
-    try vmDir.baseURL.updateAccessDate()
+    try vmDir.baseURL.updateAccessDate(accessDate)
 
     return vmDir
   }
@@ -141,9 +145,10 @@ class VMStorageOCI: PrunableStorage {
   }
 
   func pull(_ name: RemoteName, registry: Registry, concurrency: UInt, deduplicate: Bool) async throws {
-    SentrySDK.configureScope { scope in
+    OpenTelemetry.instance.contextProvider.activeSpan?.setAttribute(
-      scope.setContext(value: ["imageName": name.description], key: "OCI")
+      key: "oci.image-name",
-    }
+      value: .string(name.description)
+    )
 
     defaultLogger.appendNewLine("pulling manifest...")
 
@@ -177,18 +182,25 @@ class VMStorageOCI: PrunableStorage {
     }
 
     if !exists(digestName) {
-      let transaction = SentrySDK.startTransaction(name: name.description, operation: "pull", bindToScope: true)
+      let span = OTel.shared.tracer.spanBuilder(spanName: "pull").setActive(true).startSpan()
+      defer { span.end() }
+
       let tmpVMDir = try VMDirectory.temporaryDeterministic(key: name.description)
 
+      // Open an existing VM directory corresponding to this name, if any,
+      // marking it as outdated to speed up the garbage collection process
+      _ = try? open(name, Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 0))
+
       // Lock the temporary VM directory to prevent it's garbage collection
       let tmpVMDirLock = try FileLock(lockURL: tmpVMDir.baseURL)
       try tmpVMDirLock.lock()
 
       // Try to reclaim some cache space if we know the VM size in advance
       if let uncompressedDiskSize = manifest.uncompressedDiskSize() {
-        SentrySDK.configureScope { scope in
+        OpenTelemetry.instance.contextProvider.activeSpan?.setAttribute(
-          scope.setContext(value: ["imageUncompressedDiskSize": uncompressedDiskSize], key: "OCI")
+          key: "oci.image-uncompressed-disk-size-bytes",
-        }
+          value: .int(Int(uncompressedDiskSize))
+        )
 
         let otherVMFilesSize: UInt64 = 128 * 1024 * 1024
 
@@ -221,9 +233,7 @@ class VMStorageOCI: PrunableStorage {
           return .throw
         }
         try move(digestName, from: tmpVMDir)
-        transaction.finish()
       }, onCancel: {
-        transaction.finish(status: SentrySpanStatus.cancelled)
         try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: tmpVMDir.baseURL)
       })
     } else {

Tests/TartTests/ControlSocketURLTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import XCTest
+@testable import tart
+
+final class ControlSocketURLTests: XCTestCase {
+  func testControlSocketURLResolvesToAbsolutePath() throws {
+    let baseURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: "/Users/test/.tart/vms/myvm/")
+    let vmDir = VMDirectory(baseURL: baseURL)
+
+    // The .path property resolves relative URLs to absolute paths,
+    // which is required for stale socket cleanup in ControlSocket.run()
+    // since it happens before the working directory is changed.
+    XCTAssertEqual(
+      vmDir.controlSocketURL.path,
+      "/Users/test/.tart/vms/myvm/control.sock"
+    )
+  }
+
+  func testControlSocketURLRelativePathIsJustFilename() throws {
+    let baseURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: "/Users/test/.tart/vms/myvm/")
+    let vmDir = VMDirectory(baseURL: baseURL)
+
+    // The .relativePath is used for socket binding after cwd is changed
+    XCTAssertEqual(
+      vmDir.controlSocketURL.relativePath,
+      "control.sock"
+    )
+  }
+}

Tests/TartTests/DiskImageFormatTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import XCTest
+@testable import tart
+
+final class DiskImageFormatTests: XCTestCase {
+  func testASIFFormatSupport() throws {
+    // ASIF should be supported on macOS 26+
+    if #available(macOS 26, *) {
+      XCTAssertTrue(DiskImageFormat.asif.isSupported)
+    } else {
+      XCTAssertFalse(DiskImageFormat.asif.isSupported)
+    }
+  }
+
+  func testFormatFromString() throws {
+    XCTAssertEqual(DiskImageFormat(rawValue: "raw"), .raw)
+    XCTAssertEqual(DiskImageFormat(rawValue: "asif"), .asif)
+    XCTAssertNil(DiskImageFormat(rawValue: "invalid"))
+  }
+
+  func testCaseInsensitivity() throws {
+    XCTAssertEqual(DiskImageFormat(argument: "ASIF"), .asif) // case insensitive
+    XCTAssertEqual(DiskImageFormat(argument: "Raw"), .raw)  // case insensitive
+  }
+
+  func testAllValueStrings() throws {
+    let allValues = DiskImageFormat.allValueStrings
+    XCTAssertTrue(allValues.contains("raw"))
+    XCTAssertTrue(allValues.contains("asif"))
+    XCTAssertEqual(allValues.count, 2)
+  }
+
+  func testVMConfigDiskFormatSerialization() throws {
+    // Test that VMConfig properly serializes and deserializes disk format
+    let config = VMConfig(
+      platform: Linux(),
+      cpuCountMin: 2,
+      memorySizeMin: 1024 * 1024 * 1024,
+      diskFormat: .asif
+    )
+
+    XCTAssertEqual(config.diskFormat, .asif)
+
+    // Test JSON encoding/decoding
+    let encoder = JSONEncoder()
+    let data = try encoder.encode(config)
+
+    let decoder = JSONDecoder()
+    let decodedConfig = try decoder.decode(VMConfig.self, from: data)
+
+    XCTAssertEqual(decodedConfig.diskFormat, .asif)
+  }
+
+  func testVMConfigDefaultDiskFormat() throws {
+    // Test that VMConfig defaults to raw format
+    let config = VMConfig(
+      platform: Linux(),
+      cpuCountMin: 2,
+      memorySizeMin: 1024 * 1024 * 1024
+    )
+
+    XCTAssertEqual(config.diskFormat, .raw)
+  }
+}

Tests/TartTests/DiskutilTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import XCTest
+@testable import tart
+
+final class DiskutilTests: XCTestCase {
+  func testDiskutilInfo() throws {
+    // Create a temporary directory
+    let tempDirURL = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory.appendingPathComponent("tart-diskutil-tests-\(UUID().uuidString)")
+    try? FileManager.default.createDirectory(at: tempDirURL, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
+    addTeardownBlock {
+      try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: tempDirURL)
+    }
+
+    // Create a 123 GB ASIF disk
+    let diskURL = tempDirURL.appendingPathComponent("disk.asif")
+    try Diskutil.imageCreate(diskURL: diskURL, sizeGB: 123)
+
+    // Retrieve its information and ensure that it does indeed take 123 GB
+    let info = try Diskutil.imageInfo(diskURL)
+    XCTAssertEqual(123 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000, try info.totalBytes())
+  }
+}

Tests/TartTests/LayerizerTests.swift

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ final class LayerizerTests: XCTestCase {
     do {
       registryRunner = try await RegistryRunner()
     } catch {
-      try XCTSkipIf(ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["CI"] == nil)
+      try XCTSkip("Registry is unavailable: \(error)")
     }
   }
 
@@ -24,30 +24,9 @@ final class LayerizerTests: XCTestCase {
     registryRunner = nil
   }
 
-  func testDiskV1() async throws {
-    // Original disk file to be pushed to the registry
-    let originalDiskFileURL = try fileWithRandomData(sizeBytes: 5 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
-    addTeardownBlock {
-      try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: originalDiskFileURL)
-    }
-
-    // Disk file to be pulled from the registry
-    // and compared against the original disk file
-    let pulledDiskFileURL = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory.appendingPathComponent(UUID().uuidString)
-
-    print("pushing disk...")
-    let diskLayers = try await DiskV1.push(diskURL: originalDiskFileURL, registry: registry, chunkSizeMb: 0, concurrency: 4, progress: Progress())
-
-    print("pulling disk...")
-    try await DiskV1.pull(registry: registry, diskLayers: diskLayers, diskURL: pulledDiskFileURL, concurrency: 16, progress: Progress())
-
-    print("comparing disks...")
-    try XCTAssertEqual(Digest.hash(originalDiskFileURL), Digest.hash(pulledDiskFileURL))
-  }
-
   func testDiskV2() async throws {
     // Original disk file to be pushed to the registry
-    let originalDiskFileURL = try fileWithRandomData(sizeBytes: 5 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
+    let originalDiskFileURL = try fileWithRandomData(sizeBytes: 1 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
     addTeardownBlock {
       try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: originalDiskFileURL)
     }

Tests/TartTests/RegistryTests.swift

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ final class RegistryTests: XCTestCase {
     do {
       registryRunner = try await RegistryRunner()
     } catch {
-      try XCTSkipIf(ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["CI"] == nil)
+      try XCTSkip("Registry is unavailable: \(error)")
     }
   }
 

Tests/TartTests/Util/RegistryRunner.swift

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class RegistryRunner {
     let stdoutPipe = Pipe()
 
     let proc = Process()
-    proc.executableURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: "/usr/local/bin/docker")
+    proc.executableURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: "/opt/homebrew/bin/docker")
     proc.arguments = arguments
     proc.standardOutput = stdoutPipe
     try proc.run()
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class RegistryRunner {
 
   init() async throws {
     // Start container
-    let container = try Self.dockerCmd("run", "-d", "--rm", "-p", "127.0.0.1:0:5000", "registry:2")
+    let container = try Self.dockerCmd("run", "-d", "--rm", "-p", "127.0.0.1::5000", "registry:2")
       .trimmingCharacters(in: CharacterSet.newlines)
     containerID = container
 

Tests/TartTests/VMConfigTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import XCTest
+@testable import tart
+
+final class VMConfigTests: XCTestCase {
+  func testVMDisplayConfig() throws {
+    // Defaults units (points)
+    var vmDisplayConfig = VMDisplayConfig.init(argument: "1234x5678")
+    XCTAssertEqual(VMDisplayConfig(width: 1234, height: 5678, unit: nil), vmDisplayConfig)
+
+    // Explicit units (points)
+    vmDisplayConfig = VMDisplayConfig.init(argument: "1234x5678pt")
+    XCTAssertEqual(VMDisplayConfig(width: 1234, height: 5678, unit: .point), vmDisplayConfig)
+
+    // Explicit units (pixels)
+    vmDisplayConfig = VMDisplayConfig.init(argument: "1234x5678px")
+    XCTAssertEqual(VMDisplayConfig(width: 1234, height: 5678, unit: .pixel), vmDisplayConfig)
+  }
+}

actool.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Set shell options to enable fail-fast behavior
+#
+# * -e: fail the script when an error occurs or command fails
+# * -u: fail the script when attempting to reference unset parameters
+# * -o pipefail: by default an exit status of a pipeline is that of its
+#                last command, this fails the pipe early if an error in
+#                any of its commands occurs
+#
+set -euo pipefail
+
+OUTPUT_PATH="Resources/actool"
+PLIST_PATH="$OUTPUT_PATH/Info.plist"
+
+rm -rf "${OUTPUT_PATH}"
+mkdir -p "${OUTPUT_PATH}"
+
+actool "Resources/UPW Tart.icon" \
+  --compile "${OUTPUT_PATH}" \
+  --output-format human-readable-text \
+  --notices \
+  --warnings \
+  --errors \
+  --app-icon "UPW Tart" \
+  --output-partial-info-plist $PLIST_PATH \
+  --include-all-app-icons \
+  --target-device mac \
+  --minimum-deployment-target 13.0 \
+  --platform macosx

benchmark/README.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ brew install go
 Finally, run the following command from this (`benchmark/`) directory:
 
 ```shell
-go run cmd/main.go fio --image ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sonoma-base:latest --prepare 'sudo purge && sync'
+go run cmd/main.go fio --image ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-tahoe-base:latest --prepare 'sudo purge && sync'
 ```
 
 You can also enable the debugging output to diagnose issues:
@@ -186,41 +186,25 @@ sync test                               	Tart (--root-disk-opts="caching=cached"
 sync test                               	Tart (--root-disk-opts="sync=none,caching=cached")	0 B/s     	17 MB/s    	0 IOPS     	7.39 kIOPS  	0s ± 0s                   	21.23µs ± 81.749µs        	113.239µs ± 191.266µs  
 ```
 
-### Jan 16, 2025
+### March 23, 2025
 
 Host:
 
 * Hardware: Mac mini (Apple M2 Pro, 8 performance and 4 efficiency cores, 32 GB RAM, `Mac14,12`)
-* OS: macOS Sequoia 15.2
+* OS: macOS Sequoia 15.3.2
+* Xcode: 16.2
 
 Guest:
 
 * Hardware: [Virtualization.Framework](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/virtualization)
-* OS: macOS Sonoma 14.6
+* OS: macOS Sonoma 15.3.2 
+* Xcode: 16.2
 
 ```
-Name                    	Executor                                          	Time
+Name                    	Executor                                          	Time 
-XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	local                                             	2m15s
+XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	local                                             	2m19s
-XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	Tart                                              	4m22s
+XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	Tart                                              	3m59s
-XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	Tart (--root-disk-opts="sync=none")               	4m21s
+XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	Tart (--root-disk-opts="sync=none")               	3m48s
-XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	Tart (--root-disk-opts="caching=cached")          	4m15s
+XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	Tart (--root-disk-opts="caching=cached")          	3m35s
-XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	Tart (--root-disk-opts="sync=none,caching=cached")	4m16s
+XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	Tart (--root-disk-opts="sync=none,caching=cached")	3m14s
-```
-
-```
-Name                    	Executor                                          	Time
-XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	local                                             	2m7s
-XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	Tart                                              	4m37s
-XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	Tart (--root-disk-opts="sync=none")               	4m35s
-XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	Tart (--root-disk-opts="caching=cached")          	4m19s
-XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	Tart (--root-disk-opts="sync=none,caching=cached")	4m16s
-```
-
-```
-Name                    	Executor                                          	Time
-XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	local                                             	2m6s
-XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	Tart                                              	4m24s
-XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	Tart (--root-disk-opts="sync=none")               	4m22s
-XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	Tart (--root-disk-opts="caching=cached")          	4m18s
-XcodeBenchmark (d869315)	Tart (--root-disk-opts="sync=none,caching=cached")	4m17s
 ```

benchmark/go.mod

@@ -1,21 +1,25 @@
 module github.com/cirruslabs/tart/benchmark
 
-go 1.22.1
+go 1.23.0
+
+toolchain go1.24.1
 
 require (
 	github.com/avast/retry-go/v4 v4.5.1
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/gosuri/uitable v0.0.4
+	github.com/shirou/gopsutil v3.21.11+incompatible
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.21.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.35.0
 )
 
 require (
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/fatih/color v1.16.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.6 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
@@ -23,7 +27,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.4 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.18.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )

benchmark/go.sum

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 h1:GzkhY7T5VNhEkwH0PVJgjz+fX1rhBrR7pRT3mDkp
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1/go.mod h1:Mu1zIs6XwVuF/gI1OepvI0qD18qycQx+mFykh5fBlto=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.16.0 h1:zmkK9Ngbjj+K0yRhTVONQh1p/HknKYSlNT+vZCzyokM=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.16.0/go.mod h1:fL2Sau1YI5c0pdGEVCbKQbLXB6edEj1ZgiY4NijnWvE=
+github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.6 h1:/Fpf6oFPoeFik9ty7siob0G6Ke8QvQEuVcuChpwXzpY=
+github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.6/go.mod h1:pprOEPIfldk/42T2oK7lQ4v4JSDwmV0As9GaiUsvbm0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/gosuri/uitable v0.0.4 h1:IG2xLKRvErL3uhY6e1BylFzG+aJiwQviDDTfOKeKTpY=
@@ -26,26 +28,31 @@ github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.2.0/go.mod h1:J6wj4VEh+S6ZtnVlnTBMWIodfgj8LQOQFoIToxlJ
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 h1:WUdvkW8uEhrYfLC4ZzdpI2ztxP1I582+49Oc5Mq64VQ=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7/go.mod h1:FN3SvrM+Zdj16jyLfmOkMNblXMcoc8DfTHruCPUcx88=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
+github.com/shirou/gopsutil v3.21.11+incompatible h1:+1+c1VGhc88SSonWP6foOcLhvnKlUeu/erjjvaPEYiI=
+github.com/shirou/gopsutil v3.21.11+incompatible/go.mod h1:5b4v6he4MtMOwMlS0TUMTu2PcXUg8+E1lC7eC3UO/RA=
 github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.0 h1:7aJaZx1B85qltLMc546zn58BxxfZdR/W22ej9CFoEf0=
 github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.0/go.mod h1:WXLWApfZ71AjXPya3WOlMsY9yMs7YeiHhFVlvLyhcho=
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 h1:iy+VFUOCP1a+8yFto/drg2CJ5u0yRoB7fZw3DKv/JXA=
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5/go.mod h1:McXfInJRrz4CZXVZOBLb0bTZqETkiAhM9Iw0y3An2Bg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 h1:HtqpIVDClZ4nwg75+f6Lvsy/wHu+3BoSGCbBAcpTsTg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
+github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.4 h1:zFUKzehAFReQwLys1b/iSMl+JQGSCSjtVqQn9bBrPo0=
+github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.4/go.mod h1:SBZ9tNy3G9/m5Oi98Zks0QjeHVDvuK0qfxQmPyzfmi0=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0/go.mod h1:CoHD4mav9JJNrW/WLlf7HGZPjdw8EucARQHekz1X6bE=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 h1:blXXJkSxSSfBVBlC76pxqeO+LN3aDfLQo+309xJstO0=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0/go.mod h1:20+QtiLqy0Nd6FdQB9TLXag12DsQkrbs3htMFfDN80Y=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 h1:aJMhYGrd5QSmlpLMr2MftRKl7t8J8PTZPA732ud/XR8=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0/go.mod h1:GB2qFLM7cTU87MWRP2mPIjqfIDnGu+VIO4V/SdhGo2E=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.21.0 h1:X31++rzVUdKhX5sWmSOFZxx8UW/ldWx55cbf08iNAMA=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.35.0 h1:b15kiHdrGCHrP6LvwaQ3c03kgNhhiMgvlhxHQhmg2Xs=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.21.0/go.mod h1:0BP7YvVV9gBbVKyeTG0Gyn+gZm94bibOW5BjDEYAOMs=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.35.0/go.mod h1:dy7dXNW32cAb/6/PRuTNsix8T+vJAqvuIy5Bli/x0YQ=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190916202348-b4ddaad3f8a3/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.18.0 h1:DBdB3niSjOA/O0blCZBqDefyWNYveAYMNF1Wum0DYQ4=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0 h1:QjkSwP/36a20jFYWkSue1YwXzLmsV5Gfq7Eiy72C1uc=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.18.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/term v0.18.0 h1:FcHjZXDMxI8mM3nwhX9HlKop4C0YQvCVCdwYl2wOtE8=
+golang.org/x/term v0.29.0 h1:L6pJp37ocefwRRtYPKSWOWzOtWSxVajvz2ldH/xi3iU=
-golang.org/x/term v0.18.0/go.mod h1:ILwASektA3OnRv7amZ1xhE/KTR+u50pbXfZ03+6Nx58=
+golang.org/x/term v0.29.0/go.mod h1:6bl4lRlvVuDgSf3179VpIxBF0o10JUpXWOnI7nErv7s=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=

benchmark/internal/command/xcode/benchmarks.go

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ type Benchmark struct {
 var benchmarks = []Benchmark{
 	{
 		Name:    "XcodeBenchmark (d869315)",
-		Command: "git clone https://github.com/devMEremenko/XcodeBenchmark.git && cd XcodeBenchmark && git reset --hard d86931529ada1df2a1c6646dd85958c360954065 && sh benchmark.sh",
+		Command: "git clone https://github.com/devMEremenko/XcodeBenchmark.git && cd XcodeBenchmark && git reset --hard d86931529ada1df2a1c6646dd85958c360954065 && xcrun simctl list && sh benchmark.sh",
 	},
 }

benchmark/internal/command/xcode/xcode.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func NewCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	}
 
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&debug, "debug", false, "enable debug logging")
-	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&image, "image", "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sonoma-xcode:latest", "image to use for testing")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&image, "image", "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-tahoe-xcode:latest", "image to use for testing")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&prepare, "prepare", "", "command to run before running each benchmark")
 
 	return cmd

benchmark/internal/executor/tart/tart.go

@@ -7,11 +7,14 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"github.com/avast/retry-go/v4"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/mem"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/zapio"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
 	"io"
 	"net"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -37,6 +40,23 @@ func New(ctx context.Context, image string, runArgsExtra []string, logger *zap.L
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	vmStat, err := mem.VirtualMemory()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	cpus := strconv.Itoa(runtime.NumCPU())
+	memory := strconv.FormatUint(vmStat.Total/1024/1024, 10)
+	logger.Info("Setting resources", zap.String("cpus", cpus), zap.String("memory", memory))
+	setResourcesArguments := []string{
+		"set", tart.vmName,
+		"--cpu", cpus,
+		"--memory", memory,
+	}
+	if err := Cmd(ctx, tart.logger, setResourcesArguments...); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	vmRunCtx, vmRunCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	tart.vmRunCancel = vmRunCancel
 

docs/.markdownlint.yml

@@ -9,4 +9,6 @@
 "MD033": false # Inline HTML
 "MD041": false # First line in file should be a top level heading
 "MD045": false # OK not to have a description for an image
-"MD046": false #  Code block style [Expected: fenced; Actual: indented]
+"MD046": false #  Code block style [Expected: fenced; Actual: indented]
+"MD059": false # It's OK to have "here" links
+"MD051": false # MkDocs generates "#-no-pki" anchors, but markdownlint expects "#--no-pki" anchors

docs/blog/posts/2023-02-11-changing-tart-license.md

@@ -60,10 +60,14 @@ device without a physical display connected. For example, a Mac Mini with a HDMI
 but a Mac Mini on a desk with a connected physical display is considered a personal computer. **Usage on personal computers
 and before reaching the 100 CPU cores limit is royalty-free and does not have the viral properties of AGPL.**
 
-When an organization surpasses the 100 CPU cores limit, they will be required to obtain a [Gold Tier License](/licensing#license-tiers),
+!!! note "Pricing update"
-which costs \$1000 per month. Upon reaching a limit of 500 CPU cores, a [Platinum Tier License](/licensing#license-tiers)
+    This post announced Tart licensing in February 2023 and originally listed monthly prices.
-(\$3000 per month) will be required, and for organizations that exceed 3000 CPU cores, a custom [Diamond Tier License](/licensing#license-tiers)
+    Pricing has since changed to yearly billing. See [Licensing and Support](../../licensing.md#license-tiers) for the latest terms.
-(\$1 per core per month) will be necessary. **All paid license tiers will include priority feature development and SLAs on support with urgent issues.**
+
+When an organization surpasses the 100 CPU cores limit, they will be required to obtain a [Gold Tier License](../../licensing.md#license-tiers),
+which costs \$12,000 per year. Upon reaching a limit of 500 CPU cores, a [Platinum Tier License](../../licensing.md#license-tiers)
+(\$36,000 per year) will be required, and for organizations that exceed 3000 CPU cores, a custom [Diamond Tier License](../../licensing.md#license-tiers)
+(\$12 per core per year) will be necessary. **All paid license tiers will include priority feature development and SLAs on support with urgent issues.**
 
 ## Have we considered alternatives?
 

docs/blog/posts/2023-04-25-orchard-ga.md

@@ -89,6 +89,6 @@ orchard dev
 This will launch a development cluster with a single worker on your machine. Refer to [Orchard documentation](https://github.com/cirruslabs/orchard#creating-virtual-machines)
 on how to create your first virtual machine and access it.
 
-In a [separate blog post](/blog/2023/04/28/ssh-over-grpc-or-how-orchard-simplifies-accessing-vms-in-private-networks/)
+In a [separate blog post](2023-04-28-orchard-ssh-over-grpc.md)
 we’ll cover how Orchard implements seamless SSH access over a gRPC connection. Stay tuned and please don’t hesitate to
 [reach out](https://github.com/cirruslabs/orchard/discussions/landing)! 

docs/blog/posts/2023-04-28-orchard-ssh-over-grpc.md

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ We’ve also initially considered using [Yamux](https://github.com/hashicorp/yam
 
 First of all, we’ve made the new port-forwarding functionality available for integrations via the Orchard’s REST API:
 
-![OpenAPI documentation for Orchard's port-forwarding endpoint](/assets/images/orchard-port-forwarding-api.png)
+![OpenAPI documentation for Orchard's port-forwarding endpoint](../../assets/images/orchard-port-forwarding-api.png)
 
 All you need is to use a WebSocket client when accessing this endpoint to make it work.
 

docs/blog/posts/2023-09-20-tart-2.0.0.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ allocate time to continue improving Tart which brings us to the section below.
 In the last 7 months we've had 12 feature releases that brought a lot of features requested by the community. Here are just
 a few of them to highlight:
 
--[Custom GitLab Runner Executor](/integrations/gitlab-runner/).
+-[Custom GitLab Runner Executor](../../integrations/gitlab-runner.md).
 -[Cluster Management via Orchard](2023-04-25-orchard-ga.md).
 -Numerous compatibility improvements for all kinds of OCI-registries.
 -Sonoma Support (see details [below](#macos-sonoma-updates)).

docs/blog/posts/2023-10-06-tart-on-aws.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ with preconfigured Tart installation that is optimized to work within AWS infras
 EC2 Mac Instances is a gem of engineering powered by AWS Nitro devices. Just imagine there is a physical Mac Mini with
 a plugged in Nitro device that can push the physical power button!
 
-![EC2 M2 Pro](/blog/images/ec2-mac2-m2pro.png)
+![EC2 M2 Pro](../images/ec2-mac2-m2pro.png)
 
 This clever synergy between Apple Hardware and Nitro System allows seamless integration with VPC networking and booting macOS from an EBS volume.
 

docs/blog/posts/2023-11-03-cirrus-runners-dashboard.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ than recently announced Apple Silicon GitHub-manged runners that cost $0.16 per
 Now lets take a look at the new Cirrus Runners dashboard of a real customers that run their workflows on Cirrus Runners
 and **practically pushing the price performance pretty close to the theoretical minimum**.
 
-![Cirrus Runners Dashboard](/blog/images/runners-price-performance-2.png)
+![Cirrus Runners Dashboard](../images/runners-price-performance-2.png)
 
 As you can see above Cirrus Runners Dashboard focuses on 4 core metrics:
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ we can see that the downside of such great price performance is that jobs are wa
 Here is another example of Cirrus Runners Dashboard for a different customer that has a slightly higher price performance of $0.017 per minute
 but at the same time doesn't experience queue time at all. **Note that $0.017 is still 10 times cheaper than GitHub-managed Apple Silicon runners**.
 
-![Cirrus Runners Dashboard](/blog/images/runners-price-performance-3.png)
+![Cirrus Runners Dashboard](../images/runners-price-performance-3.png)
 
 ## Conclusion
 

docs/blog/posts/2025-06-01-tart-guest-agent.md

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+---
+draft: false
+date: 2025-06-01
+search:
+  exclude: true
+authors:
+  - edigaryev
+categories:
+  - announcement
+---
+
+# Bridging the gaps with the Tart Guest Agent
+
+We're introducing a new improvement for the Tart usability experience: a [Tart Guest Agent](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart-guest-agent).
+
+This agent provides automatic disk resizing, seamless clipboard sharing for macOS guests (a [long-awaited](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/issues/14) feature), and the ability to run commands, without SSH and networking, using the new `tart exec` command.
+
+As of recently, we include this agent in all non-vanilla Cirrus Labs images, so you likely won't need to do anything to benefit from these usability improvements.
+
+Read on to learn why we chose to implement the agent from scratch in Golang, and which features we plan to add next.
+
+<!-- more -->
+
+## Existing solutions
+
+Tart uses the Virtualization.Framework, and the latter implemented a SPICE client some time ago, however, one piece was missing: the agent that runs inside the guest.
+
+The original [SPICE `vdagent` implementation](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/spice/linux/vd_agent) only supports Linux. While [a fork](https://github.com/utmapp/vd_agent) from the UTM project adds macOS support, the long-term viability of maintaining this fork without upstreaming changes is uncertain.
+
+Moreover, if we were to add some extra functionality (as we did), there would be more than one agent binary to ship and install, which complicates maintenance and makes it harder to explain to users why we need a bunch of agent binaries.
+
+In the end, we decided to go with our own solution, one that would easily accomodate future ideas.
+
+## Rolling our own agent
+
+After carefully inspecting the [`vdagent` protocol](https://www.spice-space.org/agent-protocol.html) we've realized that the clipboard sharing is actually a small subset of the whole protocol, making it relatively simple to implement.
+
+Thanks to Golang, we were able to implement the protocol much faster than we could have with a lower-level language like C (with all due respect), which requires manual memory management and complex event loops.
+
+As for the command execution via `tart exec`, we've decided to go with gRPC with a rather simple protocol:
+
+![An visualization of gRPC protocol used by the Tart Guest Agent](../images/tart-guest-agent-grpc-protocol.png)
+
+For each `tart exec` invocation a new gRPC `Exec` bidirectional stream is established with the agent running inside a VM. After the gRPC stream is established, `tart exec` sends a command to execute to the guest and streams the I/O. Once the command terminates, `tart exec` collects the process exit code and quits with exactly that exit code.
+
+Using gRPC simplifies `tart exec` implementation because of code generation and forms a nice bridge between the host and the guest which allows us to easily expand the protocol later down the road when we decide to introduce new features.
+
+Thanks to [gRPC Swift](https://github.com/grpc/grpc-swift), which is built on top of [SwiftNIO](https://github.com/apple/swift-nio), we get [`async/await`](https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/documentation/the-swift-programming-language/concurrency/) support for free, further simplifying the `tart exec` logic.
+
+As for the Tart Guest Agent, the final result is a Golang binary that [can be customized](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart-guest-agent?tab=readme-ov-file#guest-agent-for-tart-vms) depending on the execution context:
+
+* launchd global daemon — runs as a privileged user (`root`), has no clipboard access
+    * `--resize-disk` — resizes the disk when there's a free space at the end of a disk (assuming that one previously ran `tart set --disk-size`)
+* launchd global agent — runs as a normal user (`admin`), has clipboard access
+    * `--run-vdagent` — clipboard sharing
+    * `--run-rpc` — `tart exec` and new functionality in the future
+
+We’ve also introduced `--run-daemon` (which implies `--resize-disk`) and `--run-agent` (which implies both `--run-vdagent` and `--run-rpc`) to help run the most appropriate functionality based on the given context.
+
+## Future plans
+
+First, we'd like to thank our paid clients, without whom this feature wouldn't have been possible.
+
+[Become one now](../../licensing.md) and enjoy higher allowances for Tart VMs and Orchard workers—while helping ensure that our roadmap aligns with your company's needs.
+
+In the near future we plan to implement:
+
+* Linux support — to provide seamless experience for Linux guests too
+* a new `tart ip` resolver — to provide a more robust IP retrieval facility for Linux guests, which often struggle to populate the host's ARP table with their network activity
+* `tart cp` command — to copy files from/to guest VMs
+
+Stay tuned, and feel free to send us feedback on [GitHub](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart) and [Twitter](https://x.com/cirrus_labs)!

docs/blog/posts/2025-10-27-press-release-fair-enforcement.md

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+---
+draft: false
+date: 2025-10-27
+search:
+  exclude: true
+authors:
+  - fkorotkov
+categories:
+  - announcement
+---
+
+# Press Release: Cirrus Labs Successfully Enforces Its Fair Source License
+
+**New York City, NY – October 27th, 2025 – Cirrus Labs, Inc.**, a leading provider of platforms for digital transformation, today announced that it has reached a settlement agreement regarding a violation of its Fair Source License.
+
+<!-- more -->
+
+Cirrus Labs makes its Tart Virtualization Toolset, a leading virtualization toolset to build, run and manage macOS and Linux virtual machines (VMs) on Apple Silicon,
+freely available on GitHub under the Fair Source License, a source-available license. Tart is used by tens of thousands of engineers at no charge within its generous free‑use limits.
+Many large enterprises that need to exceed those limits support continued development through paid licenses. Cirrus Labs also uses Tart to power [Cirrus Runners](https://cirrus-runners.app/)
+— a drop‑in replacement for macOS and Linux runners for GitHub Actions — offered at a fixed monthly price for unlimited usage.
+
+Cirrus Labs discovered that, **despite a prior licensing request that was declined due to a conflict of interest**, another company used Tart in a manner that exceeded the license’s free‑use limits,
+in order to create a competing product.
+
+After several months of negotiations, the matter was settled and a settlement payment to Cirrus Labs was agreed upon.
+
+!!! quote "Comment by Fedor Korotkov, CEO of Cirrus Labs"
+    
+    As a company we embrace healthy competition that ultimately benefits the end user. Most of our users have no trouble complying with our license,
+    and even when they need something more than our free use limits, we can almost always grant them a license that fits their needs. **This was an exceptional case.**
+    We are pleased to have reached this settlement, which validates our source-available licensing strategy and reinforces our commitment to protecting our company and serving our community.
+
+Cirrus Labs was represented in this matter by [Jordan Raphael](https://byronraphael.com/attorneys/jordan-raphael/) of Byron Raphael LLP, a boutique intellectual property law firm,
+and [Heather Meeker](https://www.techlawpartners.com/heather), a well-known specialist in open source and source available licensing.
+
+The specific financial terms of the settlement and the identity of the counterparty remain confidential.
+
+**About Cirrus Labs:** Cirrus Labs, Inc. is a bootstrapped developer-infrastructure company founded in 2017. Our offerings among others include Tart and Cirrus Runners,
+and our software is used by teams at category-leading companies including Atlassian, Figma, Zendesk, Sentry and many more.
+
+Learn more at [https://tart.run/](https://tart.run/) and [https://cirrus-runners.app/](https://cirrus-runners.app/).
+
+**Contact:** [hello@cirruslabs.org](mailto:hello@cirruslabs.org)

docs/faq.md

@@ -5,6 +5,42 @@ title: Frequently Asked Questions
 description: Advanced configuration and troubleshooting tips for advanced configurations.
 ---
 
+## Headless machines
+
+Starting from macOS 15 (Sequoia), there's an undocumented requirement from [Virtualization.Framework](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/virtualization) (which Tart uses) to have an unlocked `login.keychain` available at the times when running a VM.
+
+Without an existing and unlocked `login.keychain`, the VM won't start with errors like:
+
+* `SecKeyCreateRandomKey_ios failed`
+* `Failed to generate keypair`
+* `Interaction is not allowed with the Security Server`
+
+Below you'll find a couple of workarounds for this behavior.
+
+### Log in via GUI at least once
+
+Connect to the headless machine via [Screen Sharing](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/share-the-screen-of-another-mac-mh14066/mac) and log in to a Mac user account. If you haven't done already, you can enable Screen Sharing [via the terminal](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/connect-to-mac-instance.html#mac-instance-vnc).
+
+Logging in graphically will automatically create the `login.keychain`. Afterward, you have two options:
+
+* configure [automatic log in to a Mac user account](https://support.apple.com/en-us/102316)
+    * this will maintain a running user session (GUI) even after the machine reboots
+    * moreover, you can still lock the screen (either manually [or automatically](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/change-lock-screen-settings-on-mac-mh11784/mac)), however, the security benefit of this is questionable
+* use `security unlock-keychain login.keychain` to unlock the login keychain via the terminal
+    * this command also supports the `-p` command-line argument, which allows you to supply a password and unlock non-interactively
+
+### Create and unlock the login keychain via the terminal
+
+Compared to the previous approach, this one is fully automated, but might stop working at some point in the future:
+
+```shell
+security create-keychain -p '' login.keychain
+security unlock-keychain -p '' login.keychain
+security login-keychain -s login.keychain
+```
+
+Note that this will create a `login.keychain` with an empty password. Consider supplying a different value to `-p` or omitting the `-p` to enter the password interactively. 
+
 ## Troubleshooting crashes
 
 If you experience a crash or encounter another error while using the tart executable, you can collect debug information to assist with troubleshooting. Run the following command in a separate terminal window to gather logs from the Tart process and the macOS Virtualization subsystem:
@@ -23,7 +59,7 @@ Remote images are pulled into `~/.tart/cache/OCIs/`.
 ## Nested virtualization support?
 
 Tart is limited by functionality of Apple's `Virtualization.Framework`. At the moment `Virtualization.Framework`
-supports nested virtualization only on M3 or M4 chips running macOS 15 (Sequoia). By default, it is disabled, but can be enabled by passing the `--nested` flag to `tart run`.
+supports nested virtualization only on M3 or M4 chips running macOS 15 (Sequoia) or later and [only for Linux VMs](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/issues/1231#issuecomment-4410915463). By default, it is disabled, but can be enabled by passing the `--nested` flag to `tart run`.
 
 ## Connecting to a service running on host
 
@@ -34,13 +70,28 @@ Then from within a virtual machine you can access the service using the router's
 or by running the following command in the Terminal:
 
 ```shell
-netstat -nr | grep default | head -n 1 | awk '{print $2}'
+netstat -nr | awk '/default/{print $2; exit}'
 ```
 
 Note: that accessing host is only possible with the default NAT network. If you are running your virtual machines with
 [Softnet](https://github.com/cirruslabs/softnet) (via `tart run --net-softnet <VM NAME>)`, then the network isolation
 is stricter and it's not possible to access the host.
 
+## Avoiding the "Local Network" permission pop-up
+
+Starting from macOS 15 (Sequoia), a GUI "Local Network" permission pop-up might appear when Tart is used by another tool that needs to connect to a VM over a private IPv4 network, for example [Packer](https://developer.hashicorp.com/packer/integrations/cirruslabs/tart/latest/components/builder/tart).
+
+This is not caused by Tart itself, but by the host-side process that needs network access into the guest.
+
+If you need a non-interactive workaround, you can configure the [local network privacy preferences](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/technotes/tn3179-understanding-local-network-privacy#macOS-considerations) on the host so that all [RFC 1918](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1918#section-3) address ranges that Tart VMs commonly use are excluded from the prompt:
+
+```shell
+sudo defaults write com.apple.network.local-network AllowedEthernetLocalNetworkAddresses -array "10.0.0.0/8" "172.16.0.0/12" "192.168.0.0/16"
+sudo defaults write com.apple.network.local-network AllowedWiFiLocalNetworkAddresses -array "10.0.0.0/8" "172.16.0.0/12" "192.168.0.0/16"
+```
+
+After applying these settings, reboot the host.
+
 ## Changing the default NAT subnet
 
 To change the default network to `192.168.77.1`:
@@ -143,14 +194,14 @@ This is because Tart uses [Keychain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keychain_(sof
 To unlock the Keychain in an SSH session, run the following command, which will ask for your user's password:
 
 ```shell
-security unlock-keychain
+security unlock-keychain login.keychain
 ```
 
-This command also supports the `-p` command-line argument that allows you to supply the password and unlock non-interactively, which is great for scripts.
+This command also supports the `-p` command-line argument that allows you to supply a password and unlock non-interactively, which is great for scripts.
 
-If that doesn't work for you for some reason, you can pass the credentials via the environment variables, see [Registry Authorization](integrations/vm-management.md#registry-authorization) for more details on how to do that.
+Alternatively, you can pass the credentials via the environment variables, see [Registry Authorization](quick-start.md#registry-authorization) for more details on how to do that.
 
-## How Tart is different from Anka?
+## How is Tart different from Anka?
 
 Under the hood Tart is using the same technology as Anka 3.0 so there should be no real difference in performance
 or features supported. If there is some feature missing please don't hesitate to [create a feature request](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/issues).
@@ -166,6 +217,8 @@ Tart does have an analogue of Anka Controller for managing VMs across a cluster
 
 In case there's not enough space to fit the newly pulled or cloned VM image, Tart will remove the least recently accessed VMs from OCI cache and `.ipsw` files from IPSW cache until enough free space is available.
 
+The `tart clone` command limits this automatic pruning to 100 GB by default to avoid removing too many cached items. You can change this limit with the `--prune-limit` option (in gigabytes).
+
 To disable this functionality, set the `TART_NO_AUTO_PRUNE` environment variable either globally:
 
 ```shell
@@ -177,3 +230,70 @@ export TART_NO_AUTO_PRUNE=
 ```shell
 TART_NO_AUTO_PRUNE= tart pull ...
 ```
+
+## Disk resizing
+
+Disk resizing works on most cloud-ready Linux distributions out-of-the box (e.g. Ubuntu Cloud Images have the `cloud-initramfs-growroot` package installed that runs on boot) and on the rest of the distributions by running the `growpart` or `resize2fs` commands.
+
+For macOS, however, things are a bit more complicated, and you generally have two options: automated and manual resizing.
+
+For the automated option, you can use [Packer](https://www.packer.io/) with the [Packer builder for Tart VMs](https://developer.hashicorp.com/packer/integrations/cirruslabs/tart/latest/components/builder/tart). The latter has two has configuration directives related to the disk resizing behavior:
+
+* [`disk_size_gb`](https://developer.hashicorp.com/packer/integrations/cirruslabs/tart/latest/components/builder/tart#configuration-reference) — controls the target disk size in gigabytes
+* [`recovery_partition`](https://developer.hashicorp.com/packer/integrations/cirruslabs/tart/latest/components/builder/tart#configuration-reference) — controls what to do with the recovery partition when resizing the disk
+    * you can either keep, delete or relocate it to the end of the disk
+
+For the manual approach, you have to remove the recovery partition first, repair the disk and the resize the APFS container.
+
+To do this, first we'll need to identify the primary disk and the APFS containers by running the command below from within a VM:
+
+```shell
+diskutil list physical
+```
+
+For example, the output might look like this:
+
+```plain
+/dev/disk0 (internal, physical):
+   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
+   0:      GUID_partition_scheme                        *100.0 GB   disk0
+   1:             Apple_APFS_ISC Container disk1         524.3 MB   disk0s1
+   2:                 Apple_APFS Container disk3         44.1 GB    disk0s2
+   3:        Apple_APFS_Recovery Container disk2         5.4 GB     disk0s3
+                    (free space)                         50.0 GB    -
+```
+
+In the output, you'll normally see:
+
+* a single physical disk (`disk0`)
+* APFS container with the system partition which we're going to resize (`disk0s2`)
+* APFS container with the recovery partition which we're going to delete (`disk0s3`)
+* `(free space)` which we'll put to use
+
+To proceed, boot the VM in recovery mode using `tart run --recovery` and choose the "Options" item:
+
+![](assets/images/faq/tart-run-recovery-options.png){width="640" .center}
+
+When the recovery OS boots, open the Terminal app:
+
+![](assets/images/faq/tart-run-recovery-terminal.png){width="720" .center}
+
+In Terminal app, invoke the command below to remove the recovery partition:
+
+```shell
+diskutil eraseVolume free free disk0s3
+```
+
+Now, repair the disk:
+
+```shell
+yes | diskutil repairDisk disk0
+```
+
+Finally, resize the system APFS container to take all the remaining space:
+
+```shell
+diskutil apfs resizeContainer disk0s2 0
+```
+
+Now, you can shut down and `tart run` as you'd normally do.

docs/integrations/buildkite.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ description: Run pipeline steps in isolated ephemeral Tart Virtual Machines.
 
 It is possible to run [Buildkite](https://buildkite.com/) pipeline steps in isolated ephemeral Tart Virtual Machines with the help of [Tart Buildkite Plugin](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart-buildkite-plugin):
 
-![](/assets/images/BuildkiteTartPlugin.png)
+![](../assets/images/BuildkiteTartPlugin.png)
 
 ## Configuration
 
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ steps:
 - command: uname -a
   plugins:
   - cirruslabs/tart#main:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sonoma-base:latest
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-tahoe-base:latest
 ```
 
-This will run `uname -r` in a macOS Tart VM cloned from `ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sonoma-base:latest`.
+This will run `uname -r` in a macOS Tart VM cloned from `ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-tahoe-base:latest`.
 
 See plugin's [Configuration section](https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart-buildkite-plugin#configuration) for the full list of available options.

docs/integrations/cirrus-cli.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ task:
   name: hello
   macos_instance:
     # can be a remote or a local virtual machine
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sonoma-base:latest
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-tahoe-base:latest
   hello_script:
     - echo "Hello from within a Tart VM!"
     - echo "Here is my CPU info:"
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ brew install cirruslabs/cli/cirrus
 cirrus run
 ```
 
-![](/assets/images/TartCirrusCLI.gif)
+![](../assets/images/TartCirrusCLI.gif)
 
 [Cirrus CI](https://cirrus-ci.org/) already leverages Tart to power its macOS cloud infrastructure. The `.cirrus.yml`
 config from above will just work in Cirrus CI and your tasks will be executed inside Tart VMs in our cloud.
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ exposes it via [`artifacts` instruction](https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/writing-tas
 task:
   name: Build
   macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sonoma-xcode:latest
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-tahoe-xcode:latest
   build_script: swift build --product tart
   binary_artifacts:
     path: .build/debug/tart

docs/integrations/gitlab-runner.md

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Now you can use Tart Images in your `.gitlab-ci.yml`:
 ```yaml
 # You can use any remote Tart Image.
 # Tart Executor will pull it from the registry and use it for creating ephemeral VMs.
-image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sonoma-base:latest
+image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-tahoe-base:latest
 
 test:
   tags:

docs/integrations/packer.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+title: Automating VM image building with Packer
+description: Use Packer to build custom VM images, configure VMs and work with remote OCI registries.
+---
+
+Please refer to [Tart Packer Plugin repository](https://github.com/cirruslabs/packer-plugin-tart) for setup instructions.
+Here is an example of a template to build a local image based of a remote image:
+
+```hcl
+packer {
+  required_plugins {
+    tart = {
+      version = ">= 0.5.3"
+      source  = "github.com/cirruslabs/tart"
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+source "tart-cli" "tart" {
+  vm_base_name = "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-tahoe-base:latest"
+  vm_name      = "my-custom-tahoe"
+  cpu_count    = 4
+  memory_gb    = 8
+  disk_size_gb = 70
+  ssh_password = "admin"
+  ssh_timeout  = "120s"
+  ssh_username = "admin"
+}
+
+build {
+  sources = ["source.tart-cli.tart"]
+
+  provisioner "shell" {
+    inline = ["echo 'Disabling spotlight indexing...'", "sudo mdutil -a -i off"]
+  }
+
+  # more provisioners
+}
+```
+
+Here is a [repository with Packer templates](https://github.com/cirruslabs/macos-image-templates) used to build [all the images managed by us](https://github.com/orgs/cirruslabs/packages?tab=packages&q=macos).

docs/integrations/vm-management.md

@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
----
-title: Managing Virtual Machine
-description: Use Packer to build custom VM images, configure VMs and work with remote OCI registries.
----
-
-# Managing Virtual Machine
-
-## Creating from scratch
-
-Tart supports macOS and Linux virtual machines. All commands like `run` and `pull` work the same way regardless of the underlying OS a particular VM image has.
-The only difference is how such VM images are created. Please check sections below for [macOS](#creating-a-macos-vm-image-from-scratch) and [Linux](#creating-a-linux-vm-image-from-scratch) instructions.
-
-### Creating a macOS VM image from scratch
-
-Tart can create VMs from `*.ipsw` files. You can download a specific `*.ipsw` file [here](https://ipsw.me/) or you can
-use `latest` instead of a path to `*.ipsw` to download the latest available version:
-
-```bash
-tart create --from-ipsw=latest sonoma-vanilla
-tart run sonoma-vanilla
-```
-
-After the initial booting of the VM, you'll need to manually go through the macOS installation process. As a convention we recommend creating an `admin` user with an `admin` password. After the regular installation please do some additional modifications in the VM:
-
-1. Enable Auto-Login. Users & Groups -> Login Options -> Automatic login -> admin.
-2. Allow SSH. Sharing -> Remote Login
-3. Disable Lock Screen. Preferences -> Lock Screen -> disable "Require Password" after 5.
-4. Disable Screen Saver.
-5. Run `sudo visudo` in Terminal, find `%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL` add `admin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL` to allow sudo without a password.
-
-### Creating a Linux VM image from scratch
-
-Linux VMs are supported on hosts running macOS 13.0 (Ventura) or newer.
-
-```bash
-# Create a bare VM
-tart create --linux ubuntu
-
-# Install Ubuntu
-tart run --disk focal-desktop-arm64.iso ubuntu
-
-# Run VM
-tart run ubuntu
-```
-
-After the initial setup please make sure your VM can be SSH-ed into by running the following commands inside your VM:
-
-```bash
-sudo apt update
-sudo apt install -y openssh-server
-sudo ufw allow ssh
-```
-
-## Configuring a VM
-
-By default, a Tart VM uses 2 CPUs and 4 GB of memory with a `1024x768` display. This can be changed after VM creation with `tart set` command.
-Please refer to `tart set --help` for additional details.
-
-## Building with Packer
-
-Please refer to [Tart Packer Plugin repository](https://github.com/cirruslabs/packer-plugin-tart) for setup instructions.
-Here is an example of a template to build a local image based of a remote image:
-
-```hcl
-packer {
-  required_plugins {
-    tart = {
-      version = ">= 0.5.3"
-      source  = "github.com/cirruslabs/tart"
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-source "tart-cli" "tart" {
-  vm_base_name = "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sonoma-base:latest"
-  vm_name      = "my-custom-sonoma"
-  cpu_count    = 4
-  memory_gb    = 8
-  disk_size_gb = 70
-  ssh_password = "admin"
-  ssh_timeout  = "120s"
-  ssh_username = "admin"
-}
-
-build {
-  sources = ["source.tart-cli.tart"]
-
-  provisioner "shell" {
-    inline = ["echo 'Disabling spotlight indexing...'", "sudo mdutil -a -i off"]
-  }
-
-  # more provisioners
-}
-```
-
-Here is a [repository with Packer templates](https://github.com/cirruslabs/macos-image-templates) used to build [all the images managed by us](https://github.com/orgs/cirruslabs/packages?tab=packages&q=macos).
-
-## Working with a Remote OCI Container Registry
-
-Tart supports interacting with Open Container Initiative (OCI) registries, but only runs images created and pushed by Tart. This means images created for container engines, like Docker, can't be pulled. Instead, create a custom image as documented above.
-
-For example, let's say you want to push/pull images to an OCI registry hosted at `https://acme.io/`.
-
-### Registry Authorization
-
-First, you need to login to `acme.io` with the `tart login` command:
-
-```bash
-tart login acme.io
-```
-
-If you login to your registry with OAuth, you may need to create an access token to use as the password.
-Credentials are securely stored in Keychain.
-
-In addition, Tart supports [Docker credential helpers](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credential-helpers)
-if defined in `~/.docker/config.json`.
-
-Finally, `TART_REGISTRY_USERNAME` and `TART_REGISTRY_PASSWORD` environment variables allow to override authorization
-for all registries which might useful for integrating with your CI's secret management.
-
-### Pushing a Local Image
-
-Once credentials are saved for `acme.io`, run the following command to push a local images remotely with two tags:
-
-```bash
-tart push my-local-vm-name acme.io/remoteorg/name:latest acme.io/remoteorg/name:v1.0.0
-```
-
-### Pulling a Remote Image
-
-You can either pull an image:
-
-```bash
-tart pull acme.io/remoteorg/name:latest
-```
-
-or create a VM from a remote image:
-
-```bash
-tart clone acme.io/remoteorg/name:latest my-local-vm-name
-```
-
-If the specified image is not already present, this invocation calls the `tart pull` implicitly before cloning.

docs/legal/terms.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This page covers Terms of Service only for Cirrus Runners and Tart Documentation
 Cirrus Labs Inc ("Cirrus Labs") operates the [Cirrus Runners service](https://cirrus-runners.app/) which we hope you use.
 If you use it, please use it responsibly. If you don't, we'll have to terminate your subscription.
 
-For paid plans, you'll be charged on a monthly basis. You can cancel anytime, but there are no refunds.
+For paid plans, you'll be charged on a yearly basis. You can cancel anytime, but there are no refunds.
 
 The Terms of Service and our prices can change at any time unless specified in your agreement. We'll warn you 30 days in advance of any price changes.
 We'll try to warn you about major changes to the Terms of Service, but we make no guarantees.