tart {clone,pull}: support --proxy, --ca-cert and --max-retries

Sources/tart/Commands/Clone.swift

@@ -31,6 +31,15 @@ struct Clone: AsyncParsableCommand {
   @Flag(help: .hidden)
   var deduplicate: Bool = false
 
+  @Option(help: .hidden)
+  var proxy: String?
+
+  @Option(help: .hidden)
+  var caCert: String?
+
+  @Option(help: .hidden)
+  var maxRetries: UInt = 5
+
   func validate() throws {
     if newName.contains("/") {
       throw ValidationError("<new-name> should be a local name")
@@ -47,8 +56,8 @@ struct Clone: AsyncParsableCommand {
 
     if let remoteName = try? RemoteName(sourceName), !ociStorage.exists(remoteName) {
       // Pull the VM in case it's OCI-based and doesn't exist locally yet
-      let registry = try Registry(host: remoteName.host, namespace: remoteName.namespace, insecure: insecure)
+      let registry = try Registry(host: remoteName.host, namespace: remoteName.namespace, insecure: insecure, proxy: proxy, caCert: caCert)
-      try await ociStorage.pull(remoteName, registry: registry, concurrency: concurrency, deduplicate: deduplicate)
+      try await ociStorage.pull(remoteName, registry: registry, concurrency: concurrency, deduplicate: deduplicate, maxRetries: maxRetries)
     }
 
     let sourceVM = try VMStorageHelper.open(sourceName)

Sources/tart/Commands/Pull.swift

@@ -26,6 +26,15 @@ struct Pull: AsyncParsableCommand {
   @Flag(help: .hidden)
   var deduplicate: Bool = false
 
+  @Option(help: .hidden)
+  var proxy: String?
+
+  @Option(help: .hidden)
+  var caCert: String?
+
+  @Option(help: .hidden)
+  var maxRetries: UInt = 5
+
   func validate() throws {
     if concurrency < 1 {
       throw ValidationError("network concurrency cannot be less than 1")
@@ -42,10 +51,10 @@ struct Pull: AsyncParsableCommand {
     }
 
     let remoteName = try RemoteName(remoteName)
-    let registry = try Registry(host: remoteName.host, namespace: remoteName.namespace, insecure: insecure)
+    let registry = try Registry(host: remoteName.host, namespace: remoteName.namespace, insecure: insecure, proxy: proxy, caCert: caCert)
 
     defaultLogger.appendNewLine("pulling \(remoteName)...")
 
-    try await VMStorageOCI().pull(remoteName, registry: registry, concurrency: concurrency, deduplicate: deduplicate)
+    try await VMStorageOCI().pull(remoteName, registry: registry, concurrency: concurrency, deduplicate: deduplicate, maxRetries: maxRetries)
   }
 }

Sources/tart/Fetcher.swift

@@ -1,26 +1,61 @@
 import Foundation
 
-fileprivate var urlSession: URLSession = {
-  let config = URLSessionConfiguration.default
-
-  // Harbor expects a CSRF token to be present if the HTTP client
-  // carries a session cookie between its requests[1] and fails if
-  // it was not present[2].
-  //
-  // To fix that, we disable the automatic cookies carry in URLSession.
-  //
-  // [1]: https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/blob/a4c577f9ec4f18396207a5e686433a6ba203d4ef/src/server/middleware/csrf/csrf.go#L78
-  // [2]: https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/issues/295
-  config.httpShouldSetCookies = false
-
-  return URLSession(configuration: config)
-}()
-
 class Fetcher {
-  static func fetch(_ request: URLRequest, viaFile: Bool = false) async throws -> (AsyncThrowingStream<Data, Error>, HTTPURLResponse) {
+  let urlSession: URLSession
-    let task = urlSession.dataTask(with: request)
+  let caCert: SecCertificate?
 
-    let delegate = Delegate()
+  init(proxy: String? = nil, caCert: String? = nil) throws {
+    // Configure URLSession
+    let config = URLSessionConfiguration.default
+
+    // Harbor expects a CSRF token to be present if the HTTP client
+    // carries a session cookie between its requests[1] and fails if
+    // it was not present[2].
+    //
+    // To fix that, we disable the automatic cookies carry in URLSession.
+    //
+    // [1]: https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/blob/a4c577f9ec4f18396207a5e686433a6ba203d4ef/src/server/middleware/csrf/csrf.go#L78
+    // [2]: https://github.com/cirruslabs/tart/issues/295
+    config.httpShouldSetCookies = false
+
+    if let proxy {
+      let (host, port) = try Self.parseProxy(proxy)
+
+      config.connectionProxyDictionary = [
+        kCFNetworkProxiesHTTPEnable: true,
+        kCFNetworkProxiesHTTPProxy: host,
+        kCFNetworkProxiesHTTPPort: port,
+
+        kCFNetworkProxiesHTTPSEnable: true,
+        kCFNetworkProxiesHTTPSProxy: host,
+        kCFNetworkProxiesHTTPSPort: port,
+      ]
+    }
+
+    self.urlSession = URLSession(configuration: config)
+
+    // Load CA certificate, if any
+    if let caCert {
+      let caCertString = try String(contentsOf: URL(filePath: caCert), encoding:. utf8)
+
+      let caCertBase64Lines = caCertString.components(separatedBy: .newlines).filter { line in
+        !line.hasPrefix("-----BEGIN") && !line.hasPrefix("-----END")
+      }
+
+      guard let caCertData = Data(base64Encoded: caCertBase64Lines.joined()) else {
+        throw RuntimeError.FailedToLoadCACertificate("failed to parse Base64-encoded PEM data")
+      }
+
+      self.caCert = SecCertificateCreateWithData(nil, caCertData as CFData)!
+    } else {
+      self.caCert = nil
+    }
+  }
+
+  func fetch(_ request: URLRequest, viaFile: Bool = false) async throws -> (AsyncThrowingStream<Data, Error>, HTTPURLResponse) {
+    let task = self.urlSession.dataTask(with: request)
+
+    let delegate = Delegate(caCert: self.caCert)
     task.delegate = delegate
 
     let stream = AsyncThrowingStream<Data, Error> { continuation in
@@ -34,15 +69,78 @@ class Fetcher {
 
     return (stream, response as! HTTPURLResponse)
   }
+
+  private static func parseProxy(_ proxy: String) throws -> (String, Int) {
+    // Assume that the scheme is specified
+    var url = URL(string: proxy)
+
+    // Fall back to HTTP scheme when not specified
+    if url?.scheme == nil {
+      url = URL(string: "http://\(proxy)")
+    }
+
+    guard let url else {
+      throw RuntimeError.InvalidProxyString
+    }
+
+    guard let host = url.host() else {
+      throw RuntimeError.InvalidProxyString
+    }
+
+    guard let port = url.port else {
+      throw RuntimeError.InvalidProxyString
+    }
+
+    return (host, port)
+  }
 }
 
-fileprivate class Delegate: NSObject, URLSessionDataDelegate {
+fileprivate class Delegate: NSObject, URLSessionDelegate, URLSessionDataDelegate {
+  let caCert: SecCertificate?
   var responseContinuation: CheckedContinuation<URLResponse, Error>?
   var streamContinuation: AsyncThrowingStream<Data, Error>.Continuation?
 
   private var buffer: Data = Data()
   private let bufferFlushSize = 16 * 1024 * 1024
 
+  init(caCert: SecCertificate?) {
+    self.caCert = caCert
+  }
+
+  func urlSession(
+    _ session: URLSession,
+    didReceive challenge: URLAuthenticationChallenge,
+    completionHandler: @escaping @Sendable (URLSession.AuthChallengeDisposition, URLCredential?) -> Void
+  ) {
+    if let caCert {
+      // Ensure that we're performing server trust authentication
+      guard challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod == NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust,
+            let serverTrust = challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust else {
+        completionHandler(.performDefaultHandling, nil)
+
+        return
+      }
+
+      // Set the provided CA certificate as the only anchor
+      if SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(serverTrust, [caCert] as CFArray) != errSecSuccess {
+        completionHandler(.cancelAuthenticationChallenge, nil)
+
+        return
+      }
+
+      // Evaluate the trust
+      if SecTrustEvaluateWithError(serverTrust, nil) {
+        completionHandler(.useCredential, URLCredential(trust: serverTrust))
+      } else {
+        completionHandler(.rejectProtectionSpace, nil)
+      }
+
+      return
+    }
+
+    completionHandler(.performDefaultHandling, nil)
+  }
+
   func urlSession(
     _ session: URLSession,
     dataTask: URLSessionDataTask,

Sources/tart/OCI/Layerizer/Disk.swift

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ import Foundation
 
 protocol Disk {
   static func push(diskURL: URL, registry: Registry, chunkSizeMb: Int, concurrency: UInt, progress: Progress) async throws -> [OCIManifestLayer]
-  static func pull(registry: Registry, diskLayers: [OCIManifestLayer], diskURL: URL, concurrency: UInt, progress: Progress, localLayerCache: LocalLayerCache?, deduplicate: Bool) async throws
+  static func pull(registry: Registry, diskLayers: [OCIManifestLayer], diskURL: URL, concurrency: UInt, progress: Progress, localLayerCache: LocalLayerCache?, deduplicate: Bool, maxRetries: UInt) async throws
 }

Sources/tart/OCI/Layerizer/DiskV1.swift

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class DiskV1: Disk {
     return pushedLayers
   }
 
-  static func pull(registry: Registry, diskLayers: [OCIManifestLayer], diskURL: URL, concurrency: UInt, progress: Progress, localLayerCache: LocalLayerCache? = nil, deduplicate: Bool = false) async throws {
+  static func pull(registry: Registry, diskLayers: [OCIManifestLayer], diskURL: URL, concurrency: UInt, progress: Progress, localLayerCache: LocalLayerCache? = nil, deduplicate: Bool = false, maxRetries: UInt) async throws {
     if !FileManager.default.createFile(atPath: diskURL.path, contents: nil) {
       throw OCIError.FailedToCreateVmFile
     }

Sources/tart/OCI/Layerizer/DiskV2.swift

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class DiskV2: Disk {
     }
   }
 
-  static func pull(registry: Registry, diskLayers: [OCIManifestLayer], diskURL: URL, concurrency: UInt, progress: Progress, localLayerCache: LocalLayerCache? = nil, deduplicate: Bool = false) async throws {
+  static func pull(registry: Registry, diskLayers: [OCIManifestLayer], diskURL: URL, concurrency: UInt, progress: Progress, localLayerCache: LocalLayerCache? = nil, deduplicate: Bool = false, maxRetries: UInt) async throws {
     // Support resumable pulls
     let pullResumed = FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: diskURL.path)
 
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class DiskV2: Disk {
 
           var rangeStart: Int64 = 0
 
-          try await retry(maxAttempts: 5) {
+          try await retry(maxAttempts: Int(maxRetries)) {
             try await registry.pullBlob(diskLayer.digest, rangeStart: rangeStart) { data in
               try filter.write(data)
 

Sources/tart/OCI/Registry.swift

@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ class Registry {
   let namespace: String
   let credentialsProviders: [CredentialsProvider]
   let authenticationKeeper = AuthenticationKeeper()
+  let fetcher: Fetcher
 
   var host: String? {
     guard let host = baseURL.host else { return nil }
@@ -128,17 +129,22 @@ class Registry {
 
   init(baseURL: URL,
        namespace: String,
-       credentialsProviders: [CredentialsProvider] = [EnvironmentCredentialsProvider(), DockerConfigCredentialsProvider(), KeychainCredentialsProvider()]
+       credentialsProviders: [CredentialsProvider] = [EnvironmentCredentialsProvider(), DockerConfigCredentialsProvider(), KeychainCredentialsProvider()],
+       proxy: String? = nil,
+       caCert: String? = nil
   ) throws {
     self.baseURL = baseURL
     self.namespace = namespace
     self.credentialsProviders = credentialsProviders
+    self.fetcher = try Fetcher(proxy: proxy, caCert: caCert)
   }
 
   convenience init(
     host: String,
     namespace: String,
     insecure: Bool = false,
+    proxy: String? = nil,
+    caCert: String? = nil,
     credentialsProviders: [CredentialsProvider] = [EnvironmentCredentialsProvider(), DockerConfigCredentialsProvider(), KeychainCredentialsProvider()]
   ) throws {
     let proto = insecure ? "http" : "https"
@@ -154,7 +160,7 @@ class Registry {
       throw RuntimeError.ImproperlyFormattedHost(host, hint)
     }
 
-    try self.init(baseURL: baseURL, namespace: namespace, credentialsProviders: credentialsProviders)
+    try self.init(baseURL: baseURL, namespace: namespace, credentialsProviders: credentialsProviders, proxy: proxy, caCert: caCert)
   }
 
   func ping() async throws {
@@ -448,6 +454,6 @@ class Registry {
     request.setValue("Tart/\(CI.version) (\(DeviceInfo.os); \(DeviceInfo.model))",
                      forHTTPHeaderField: "User-Agent")
 
-    return try await Fetcher.fetch(request, viaFile: viaFile)
+    return try await self.fetcher.fetch(request, viaFile: viaFile)
   }
 }

Sources/tart/VM.swift

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
     // Check if we already have this IPSW in cache
     var headRequest = URLRequest(url: remoteURL)
     headRequest.httpMethod = "HEAD"
-    let (_, headResponse) = try await Fetcher.fetch(headRequest, viaFile: false)
+    let (_, headResponse) = try await Fetcher().fetch(headRequest, viaFile: false)
 
     if let hash = headResponse.value(forHTTPHeaderField: "x-amz-meta-digest-sha256") {
       let ipswLocation = try IPSWCache().locationFor(fileName: "sha256:\(hash).ipsw")
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class VM: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate, ObservableObject {
     defaultLogger.appendNewLine("Fetching \(remoteURL.lastPathComponent)...")
 
     let request = URLRequest(url: remoteURL)
-    let (channel, response) = try await Fetcher.fetch(request, viaFile: true)
+    let (channel, response) = try await Fetcher().fetch(request, viaFile: true)
 
     let temporaryLocation = try Config().tartTmpDir.appendingPathComponent(UUID().uuidString + ".ipsw")
 

Sources/tart/VMDirectory+OCI.swift

@@ -11,7 +11,14 @@ enum OCIError: Error {
 }
 
 extension VMDirectory {
-  func pullFromRegistry(registry: Registry, manifest: OCIManifest, concurrency: UInt, localLayerCache: LocalLayerCache?, deduplicate: Bool) async throws {
+  func pullFromRegistry(
+    registry: Registry,
+    manifest: OCIManifest,
+    concurrency: UInt,
+    localLayerCache: LocalLayerCache?,
+    deduplicate: Bool,
+    maxRetries: UInt
+  ) async throws {
     // Pull VM's config file layer and re-serialize it into a config file
     let configLayers = manifest.layers.filter {
       $0.mediaType == configMediaType
@@ -55,7 +62,8 @@ extension VMDirectory {
       try await diskImplType.pull(registry: registry, diskLayers: layers, diskURL: diskURL,
                                   concurrency: concurrency, progress: progress,
                                   localLayerCache: localLayerCache,
-                                  deduplicate: deduplicate)
+                                  deduplicate: deduplicate,
+                                  maxRetries: maxRetries)
     } catch let error where error is FilterError {
       throw RuntimeError.PullFailed("failed to decompress disk: \(error.localizedDescription)")
     }

Sources/tart/VMStorageHelper.swift

@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ enum RuntimeError : Error {
   case SuspendFailed(_ message: String)
   case PullFailed(_ message: String)
   case VirtualMachineLimitExceeded(_ hint: String)
+  case InvalidProxyString
+  case FailedToLoadCACertificate(_ message: String)
 }
 
 protocol HasExitCode {
@@ -136,6 +138,10 @@ extension RuntimeError : CustomStringConvertible {
       return message
     case .VirtualMachineLimitExceeded(let hint):
       return "The number of VMs exceeds the system limit\(hint)"
+    case .InvalidProxyString:
+      return "Invalid proxy string, should be in the form of host:port"
+    case .FailedToLoadCACertificate(let message):
+      return "Failed to load CA certificate: \(message)"
     }
   }
 }

Sources/tart/VMStorageOCI.swift

@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class VMStorageOCI: PrunableStorage {
     try list().filter { (_, _, isSymlink) in !isSymlink }.map { (_, vmDir, _) in vmDir }
   }
 
-  func pull(_ name: RemoteName, registry: Registry, concurrency: UInt, deduplicate: Bool) async throws {
+  func pull(_ name: RemoteName, registry: Registry, concurrency: UInt, deduplicate: Bool, maxRetries: UInt) async throws {
     SentrySDK.configureScope { scope in
       scope.setContext(value: ["imageName": name.description], key: "OCI")
     }
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class VMStorageOCI: PrunableStorage {
       }
 
       try await withTaskCancellationHandler(operation: {
-        try await retry(maxAttempts: 5) {
+        try await retry(maxAttempts: Int(maxRetries)) {
           // Choose the best base image which has the most deduplication ratio
           let localLayerCache = try await chooseLocalLayerCache(name, manifest, registry)
 
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class VMStorageOCI: PrunableStorage {
             }
           }
 
-          try await tmpVMDir.pullFromRegistry(registry: registry, manifest: manifest, concurrency: concurrency, localLayerCache: localLayerCache, deduplicate: deduplicate)
+          try await tmpVMDir.pullFromRegistry(registry: registry, manifest: manifest, concurrency: concurrency, localLayerCache: localLayerCache, deduplicate: deduplicate, maxRetries: maxRetries)
         } recoverFromFailure: { error in
           if error is URLError {
             print("Error pulling image: \"\(error.localizedDescription)\", attempting to re-try...")