Python 3.10 support

Fixes #628

.travis.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 language: python
+sudo: required
+dist: xenial
 
 addons:
   apt:
@@ -33,8 +35,13 @@ matrix:
       env: TOXENV=py35
     - python: 3.6
       env: TOXENV=py36
+    - python: 3.7
+      env: TOXENV=py37
+    - python: 3.8-dev
+      env: TOXENV=py38
     - python: pypy
       env: TOXENV=pypy
+      dist: trusty
 
 before_install:
   - if [[ $(echo "$TOXENV" | egrep -c "py35") != 0 ]]; then pyenv global system 3.5; fi;
@@ -42,7 +49,10 @@ before_install:
 install:
   - if [[ $(echo "$TOXENV" | egrep -c "py32") != 0 ]]; then pip install setuptools==17.1.1; fi;
   - if [[ $(echo "$TOXENV" | egrep -c "(py2[45]|py3[12])") != 0 ]]; then pip install virtualenv==1.7.2 tox==1.3; fi;
-  - if [[ $(echo "$TOXENV" | egrep -c "(py2[45]|py3[12])") == 0 ]]; then pip install tox; fi;
+  - if [[ $(echo "$TOXENV" | egrep -c "(py26|py33)") != 0 ]]; then pip install virtualenv==15.2.0 tox==2.9.1; fi;
+  - if [[ $(echo "$TOXENV" | egrep -c "(py2[456]|py3[123])") == 0 ]]; then pip install tox; fi;
+
+
 
 script:
   - tox

README.rst

@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ or
 ::
 
     git clone https://github.com/sivel/speedtest-cli.git
-    python speedtest-cli/setup.py install
+    cd speedtest-cli
+    python setup.py install
 
 Just download (Like the way it used to be)
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -74,21 +75,23 @@ Usage
 ::
 
     $ speedtest-cli -h
-    usage: speedtest-cli [-h] [--no-download] [--no-upload] [--bytes] [--share]
-                         [--simple] [--csv] [--csv-delimiter CSV_DELIMITER]
-                         [--csv-header] [--json] [--list] [--server SERVER]
-                         [--exclude EXCLUDE] [--mini MINI] [--source SOURCE]
-                         [--timeout TIMEOUT] [--secure] [--no-pre-allocate]
-                         [--version]
-    
+    usage: speedtest-cli [-h] [--no-download] [--no-upload] [--single] [--bytes]
+                         [--share] [--simple] [--csv]
+                         [--csv-delimiter CSV_DELIMITER] [--csv-header] [--json]
+                         [--list] [--server SERVER] [--exclude EXCLUDE]
+                         [--mini MINI] [--source SOURCE] [--timeout TIMEOUT]
+                         [--secure] [--no-pre-allocate] [--version]
+
     Command line interface for testing internet bandwidth using speedtest.net.
     --------------------------------------------------------------------------
     https://github.com/sivel/speedtest-cli
-    
+
     optional arguments:
       -h, --help            show this help message and exit
       --no-download         Do not perform download test
       --no-upload           Do not perform upload test
+      --single              Only use a single connection instead of multiple. This
+                            simulates a typical file transfer.
       --bytes               Display values in bytes instead of bits. Does not
                             affect the image generated by --share, nor output from
                             --json or --csv

setup.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2012-2018 Matt Martz
+# Copyright 2012 Matt Martz
 # All Rights Reserved.
 #
 #    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
@@ -92,5 +92,8 @@ setup(
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10',
     ]
 )

speedtest-cli.1

@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ Do not perform download test
 Do not perform upload test
 .RE
 
+\fB\-\-single\fR
+.RS
+Only use a single connection instead of multiple. This simulates a typical file transfer.
+.RE
+
 \fB\-\-bytes\fR
 .RS
 Display values in bytes instead of bits. Does not affect the image generated by \-\-share, nor output from \-\-json or \-\-csv

speedtest.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2012-2018 Matt Martz
+# Copyright 2012 Matt Martz
 # All Rights Reserved.
 #
 #    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
@@ -15,18 +15,18 @@
 #    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 #    under the License.
 
-import os
-import re
 import csv
-import sys
-import math
+import datetime
 import errno
+import math
+import os
+import platform
+import re
 import signal
 import socket
-import timeit
-import datetime
-import platform
+import sys
 import threading
+import timeit
 import xml.parsers.expat
 
 try:
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ except ImportError:
     gzip = None
     GZIP_BASE = object
 
-__version__ = '2.0.0'
+__version__ = '2.1.4b1'
 
 
 class FakeShutdownEvent(object):
@@ -49,10 +49,16 @@ class FakeShutdownEvent(object):
         "Dummy method to always return false"""
         return False
 
+    is_set = isSet
+
 
 # Some global variables we use
 DEBUG = False
 _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = object()
+PY25PLUS = sys.version_info[:2] >= (2, 5)
+PY26PLUS = sys.version_info[:2] >= (2, 6)
+PY32PLUS = sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 2)
+PY310PLUS = sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 10)
 
 # Begin import game to handle Python 2 and Python 3
 try:
@@ -64,13 +70,15 @@ except ImportError:
         json = None
 
 try:
-    import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
-except ImportError:
+    import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
     try:
-        import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+        from xml.etree.ElementTree import _Element as ET_Element
     except ImportError:
-        from xml.dom import minidom as DOM
-        ET = None
+        pass
+except ImportError:
+    from xml.dom import minidom as DOM
+    from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError
+    ET = None
 
 try:
     from urllib2 import (urlopen, Request, HTTPError, URLError,
@@ -84,9 +92,9 @@ except ImportError:
                                 HTTPErrorProcessor, OpenerDirector)
 
 try:
-    from httplib import HTTPConnection
+    from httplib import HTTPConnection, BadStatusLine
 except ImportError:
-    from http.client import HTTPConnection
+    from http.client import HTTPConnection, BadStatusLine
 
 try:
     from httplib import HTTPSConnection
@@ -96,6 +104,11 @@ except ImportError:
     except ImportError:
         HTTPSConnection = None
 
+try:
+    from httplib import FakeSocket
+except ImportError:
+    FakeSocket = None
+
 try:
     from Queue import Queue
 except ImportError:
@@ -256,7 +269,6 @@ else:
             write(arg)
         write(end)
 
-
 # Exception "constants" to support Python 2 through Python 3
 try:
     import ssl
@@ -265,10 +277,30 @@ try:
     except AttributeError:
         CERT_ERROR = tuple()
 
-    HTTP_ERRORS = ((HTTPError, URLError, socket.error, ssl.SSLError) +
-                   CERT_ERROR)
+    HTTP_ERRORS = (
+        (HTTPError, URLError, socket.error, ssl.SSLError, BadStatusLine) +
+        CERT_ERROR
+    )
 except ImportError:
-    HTTP_ERRORS = (HTTPError, URLError, socket.error)
+    ssl = None
+    HTTP_ERRORS = (HTTPError, URLError, socket.error, BadStatusLine)
+
+if PY32PLUS:
+    etree_iter = ET.Element.iter
+elif PY25PLUS:
+    etree_iter = ET_Element.getiterator
+
+if PY26PLUS:
+    thread_is_alive = threading.Thread.is_alive
+else:
+    thread_is_alive = threading.Thread.isAlive
+
+
+def event_is_set(event):
+    try:
+        return event.is_set()
+    except AttributeError:
+        return event.isSet()
 
 
 class SpeedtestException(Exception):
@@ -284,7 +316,11 @@ class SpeedtestHTTPError(SpeedtestException):
 
 
 class SpeedtestConfigError(SpeedtestException):
-    """Configuration provided is invalid"""
+    """Configuration XML is invalid"""
+
+
+class SpeedtestServersError(SpeedtestException):
+    """Servers XML is invalid"""
 
 
 class ConfigRetrievalError(SpeedtestHTTPError):
@@ -384,13 +420,13 @@ class SpeedtestHTTPConnection(HTTPConnection):
     """
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         source_address = kwargs.pop('source_address', None)
-        context = kwargs.pop('context', None)
         timeout = kwargs.pop('timeout', 10)
 
+        self._tunnel_host = None
+
         HTTPConnection.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
 
         self.source_address = source_address
-        self._context = context
         self.timeout = timeout
 
     def connect(self):
@@ -408,23 +444,75 @@ class SpeedtestHTTPConnection(HTTPConnection):
                 self.source_address
             )
 
+        if self._tunnel_host:
+            self._tunnel()
+
 
 if HTTPSConnection:
-    class SpeedtestHTTPSConnection(HTTPSConnection,
-                                   SpeedtestHTTPConnection):
+    class SpeedtestHTTPSConnection(HTTPSConnection):
         """Custom HTTPSConnection to support source_address across
         Python 2.4 - Python 3
         """
+        default_port = 443
+
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            source_address = kwargs.pop('source_address', None)
+            timeout = kwargs.pop('timeout', 10)
+
+            self._tunnel_host = None
+
+            HTTPSConnection.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+            self.timeout = timeout
+            self.source_address = source_address
+
         def connect(self):
             "Connect to a host on a given (SSL) port."
+            try:
+                self.sock = socket.create_connection(
+                    (self.host, self.port),
+                    self.timeout,
+                    self.source_address
+                )
+            except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+                self.sock = create_connection(
+                    (self.host, self.port),
+                    self.timeout,
+                    self.source_address
+                )
 
-            SpeedtestHTTPConnection.connect(self)
+            if self._tunnel_host:
+                self._tunnel()
 
-            kwargs = {}
-            if hasattr(ssl, 'SSLContext'):
-                kwargs['server_hostname'] = self.host
-
-            self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(self.sock, **kwargs)
+            if ssl:
+                try:
+                    kwargs = {}
+                    if hasattr(ssl, 'SSLContext'):
+                        if self._tunnel_host:
+                            kwargs['server_hostname'] = self._tunnel_host
+                        else:
+                            kwargs['server_hostname'] = self.host
+                    self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(self.sock, **kwargs)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(self.sock)
+                    try:
+                        self.sock.server_hostname = self.host
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        pass
+            elif FakeSocket:
+                # Python 2.4/2.5 support
+                try:
+                    self.sock = FakeSocket(self.sock, socket.ssl(self.sock))
+                except AttributeError:
+                    raise SpeedtestException(
+                        'This version of Python does not support HTTPS/SSL '
+                        'functionality'
+                    )
+            else:
+                raise SpeedtestException(
+                    'This version of Python does not support HTTPS/SSL '
+                    'functionality'
+                )
 
 
 def _build_connection(connection, source_address, timeout, context=None):
@@ -589,7 +677,8 @@ def build_user_agent():
 
     ua_tuple = (
         'Mozilla/5.0',
-        '(%s; U; %s; en-us)' % (platform.system(), platform.architecture()[0]),
+        '(%s; U; %s; en-us)' % (platform.platform(),
+                                platform.architecture()[0]),
         'Python/%s' % platform.python_version(),
         '(KHTML, like Gecko)',
         'speedtest-cli/%s' % __version__
@@ -648,6 +737,8 @@ def catch_request(request, opener=None):
 
     try:
         uh = _open(request)
+        if request.get_full_url() != uh.geturl():
+            printer('Redirected to %s' % uh.geturl(), debug=True)
         return uh, False
     except HTTP_ERRORS:
         e = get_exception()
@@ -687,7 +778,7 @@ def print_dots(shutdown_event):
     status
     """
     def inner(current, total, start=False, end=False):
-        if shutdown_event.isSet():
+        if event_is_set(shutdown_event):
             return
 
         sys.stdout.write('.')
@@ -726,7 +817,7 @@ class HTTPDownloader(threading.Thread):
         try:
             if (timeit.default_timer() - self.starttime) <= self.timeout:
                 f = self._opener(self.request)
-                while (not self._shutdown_event.isSet() and
+                while (not event_is_set(self._shutdown_event) and
                         (timeit.default_timer() - self.starttime) <=
                         self.timeout):
                     self.result.append(len(f.read(10240)))
@@ -735,6 +826,8 @@ class HTTPDownloader(threading.Thread):
                 f.close()
         except IOError:
             pass
+        except HTTP_ERRORS:
+            pass
 
 
 class HTTPUploaderData(object):
@@ -780,7 +873,7 @@ class HTTPUploaderData(object):
 
     def read(self, n=10240):
         if ((timeit.default_timer() - self.start) <= self.timeout and
-                not self._shutdown_event.isSet()):
+                not event_is_set(self._shutdown_event)):
             chunk = self.data.read(n)
             self.total.append(len(chunk))
             return chunk
@@ -800,7 +893,7 @@ class HTTPUploader(threading.Thread):
         self.request = request
         self.request.data.start = self.starttime = start
         self.size = size
-        self.result = None
+        self.result = 0
         self.timeout = timeout
         self.i = i
 
@@ -818,7 +911,7 @@ class HTTPUploader(threading.Thread):
         request = self.request
         try:
             if ((timeit.default_timer() - self.starttime) <= self.timeout and
-                    not self._shutdown_event.isSet()):
+                    not event_is_set(self._shutdown_event)):
                 try:
                     f = self._opener(request)
                 except TypeError:
@@ -835,6 +928,8 @@ class HTTPUploader(threading.Thread):
                 self.result = 0
         except (IOError, SpeedtestUploadTimeout):
             self.result = sum(self.request.data.total)
+        except HTTP_ERRORS:
+            self.result = 0
 
 
 class SpeedtestResults(object):
@@ -1023,10 +1118,7 @@ class Speedtest(object):
     @property
     def best(self):
         if not self._best:
-            raise SpeedtestMissingBestServer(
-                'get_best_server not called or not able to determine best '
-                'server'
-            )
+            self.get_best_server()
         return self._best
 
     def get_config(self):
@@ -1042,16 +1134,16 @@ class Speedtest(object):
         uh, e = catch_request(request, opener=self._opener)
         if e:
             raise ConfigRetrievalError(e)
-        configxml = []
+        configxml_list = []
 
         stream = get_response_stream(uh)
 
         while 1:
             try:
-                configxml.append(stream.read(1024))
+                configxml_list.append(stream.read(1024))
             except (OSError, EOFError):
                 raise ConfigRetrievalError(get_exception())
-            if len(configxml[-1]) == 0:
+            if len(configxml_list[-1]) == 0:
                 break
         stream.close()
         uh.close()
@@ -1059,10 +1151,18 @@ class Speedtest(object):
         if int(uh.code) != 200:
             return None
 
-        printer('Config XML:\n%s' % ''.encode().join(configxml), debug=True)
+        configxml = ''.encode().join(configxml_list)
+
+        printer('Config XML:\n%s' % configxml, debug=True)
 
         try:
-            root = ET.fromstring(''.encode().join(configxml))
+            try:
+                root = ET.fromstring(configxml)
+            except ET.ParseError:
+                e = get_exception()
+                raise SpeedtestConfigError(
+                    'Malformed speedtest.net configuration: %s' % e
+                )
             server_config = root.find('server-config').attrib
             download = root.find('download').attrib
             upload = root.find('upload').attrib
@@ -1070,16 +1170,22 @@ class Speedtest(object):
             client = root.find('client').attrib
 
         except AttributeError:
-            root = DOM.parseString(''.join(configxml))
+            try:
+                root = DOM.parseString(configxml)
+            except ExpatError:
+                e = get_exception()
+                raise SpeedtestConfigError(
+                    'Malformed speedtest.net configuration: %s' % e
+                )
             server_config = get_attributes_by_tag_name(root, 'server-config')
             download = get_attributes_by_tag_name(root, 'download')
             upload = get_attributes_by_tag_name(root, 'upload')
             # times = get_attributes_by_tag_name(root, 'times')
             client = get_attributes_by_tag_name(root, 'client')
 
-        ignore_servers = list(
-            map(int, server_config['ignoreids'].split(','))
-        )
+        ignore_servers = [
+            int(i) for i in server_config['ignoreids'].split(',') if i
+        ]
 
         ratio = int(upload['ratio'])
         upload_max = int(upload['maxchunkcount'])
@@ -1119,7 +1225,13 @@ class Speedtest(object):
             'upload_max': upload_count * size_count
         })
 
-        self.lat_lon = (float(client['lat']), float(client['lon']))
+        try:
+            self.lat_lon = (float(client['lat']), float(client['lon']))
+        except ValueError:
+            raise SpeedtestConfigError(
+                'Unknown location: lat=%r lon=%r' %
+                (client.get('lat'), client.get('lon'))
+            )
 
         printer('Config:\n%r' % self.config, debug=True)
 
@@ -1173,13 +1285,13 @@ class Speedtest(object):
 
                 stream = get_response_stream(uh)
 
-                serversxml = []
+                serversxml_list = []
                 while 1:
                     try:
-                        serversxml.append(stream.read(1024))
+                        serversxml_list.append(stream.read(1024))
                     except (OSError, EOFError):
                         raise ServersRetrievalError(get_exception())
-                    if len(serversxml[-1]) == 0:
+                    if len(serversxml_list[-1]) == 0:
                         break
 
                 stream.close()
@@ -1188,15 +1300,28 @@ class Speedtest(object):
                 if int(uh.code) != 200:
                     raise ServersRetrievalError()
 
-                printer('Servers XML:\n%s' % ''.encode().join(serversxml),
-                        debug=True)
+                serversxml = ''.encode().join(serversxml_list)
+
+                printer('Servers XML:\n%s' % serversxml, debug=True)
 
                 try:
                     try:
-                        root = ET.fromstring(''.encode().join(serversxml))
-                        elements = root.getiterator('server')
+                        try:
+                            root = ET.fromstring(serversxml)
+                        except ET.ParseError:
+                            e = get_exception()
+                            raise SpeedtestServersError(
+                                'Malformed speedtest.net server list: %s' % e
+                            )
+                        elements = etree_iter(root, 'server')
                     except AttributeError:
-                        root = DOM.parseString(''.join(serversxml))
+                        try:
+                            root = DOM.parseString(serversxml)
+                        except ExpatError:
+                            e = get_exception()
+                            raise SpeedtestServersError(
+                                'Malformed speedtest.net server list: %s' % e
+                            )
                         elements = root.getElementsByTagName('server')
                 except (SyntaxError, xml.parsers.expat.ExpatError):
                     raise ServersRetrievalError()
@@ -1388,8 +1513,12 @@ class Speedtest(object):
         printer('Best Server:\n%r' % best, debug=True)
         return best
 
-    def download(self, callback=do_nothing):
-        """Test download speed against speedtest.net"""
+    def download(self, callback=do_nothing, threads=None):
+        """Test download speed against speedtest.net
+
+        A ``threads`` value of ``None`` will fall back to those dictated
+        by the speedtest.net configuration
+        """
 
         urls = []
         for size in self.config['sizes']['download']:
@@ -1404,6 +1533,9 @@ class Speedtest(object):
                 build_request(url, bump=i, secure=self._secure)
             )
 
+        max_threads = threads or self.config['threads']['download']
+        in_flight = {'threads': 0}
+
         def producer(q, requests, request_count):
             for i, request in enumerate(requests):
                 thread = HTTPDownloader(
@@ -1414,21 +1546,26 @@ class Speedtest(object):
                     opener=self._opener,
                     shutdown_event=self._shutdown_event
                 )
+                while in_flight['threads'] >= max_threads:
+                    timeit.time.sleep(0.001)
                 thread.start()
                 q.put(thread, True)
+                in_flight['threads'] += 1
                 callback(i, request_count, start=True)
 
         finished = []
 
         def consumer(q, request_count):
+            _is_alive = thread_is_alive
             while len(finished) < request_count:
                 thread = q.get(True)
-                while thread.isAlive():
-                    thread.join(timeout=0.1)
+                while _is_alive(thread):
+                    thread.join(timeout=0.001)
+                in_flight['threads'] -= 1
                 finished.append(sum(thread.result))
                 callback(thread.i, request_count, end=True)
 
-        q = Queue(self.config['threads']['download'])
+        q = Queue(max_threads)
         prod_thread = threading.Thread(target=producer,
                                        args=(q, requests, request_count))
         cons_thread = threading.Thread(target=consumer,
@@ -1436,10 +1573,11 @@ class Speedtest(object):
         start = timeit.default_timer()
         prod_thread.start()
         cons_thread.start()
-        while prod_thread.isAlive():
-            prod_thread.join(timeout=0.1)
-        while cons_thread.isAlive():
-            cons_thread.join(timeout=0.1)
+        _is_alive = thread_is_alive
+        while _is_alive(prod_thread):
+            prod_thread.join(timeout=0.001)
+        while _is_alive(cons_thread):
+            cons_thread.join(timeout=0.001)
 
         stop = timeit.default_timer()
         self.results.bytes_received = sum(finished)
@@ -1450,8 +1588,12 @@ class Speedtest(object):
             self.config['threads']['upload'] = 8
         return self.results.download
 
-    def upload(self, callback=do_nothing, pre_allocate=True):
-        """Test upload speed against speedtest.net"""
+    def upload(self, callback=do_nothing, pre_allocate=True, threads=None):
+        """Test upload speed against speedtest.net
+
+        A ``threads`` value of ``None`` will fall back to those dictated
+        by the speedtest.net configuration
+        """
 
         sizes = []
 
@@ -1474,13 +1616,19 @@ class Speedtest(object):
             )
             if pre_allocate:
                 data.pre_allocate()
+
+            headers = {'Content-length': size}
             requests.append(
                 (
-                    build_request(self.best['url'], data, secure=self._secure),
+                    build_request(self.best['url'], data, secure=self._secure,
+                                  headers=headers),
                     size
                 )
             )
 
+        max_threads = threads or self.config['threads']['upload']
+        in_flight = {'threads': 0}
+
         def producer(q, requests, request_count):
             for i, request in enumerate(requests[:request_count]):
                 thread = HTTPUploader(
@@ -1492,21 +1640,26 @@ class Speedtest(object):
                     opener=self._opener,
                     shutdown_event=self._shutdown_event
                 )
+                while in_flight['threads'] >= max_threads:
+                    timeit.time.sleep(0.001)
                 thread.start()
                 q.put(thread, True)
+                in_flight['threads'] += 1
                 callback(i, request_count, start=True)
 
         finished = []
 
         def consumer(q, request_count):
+            _is_alive = thread_is_alive
             while len(finished) < request_count:
                 thread = q.get(True)
-                while thread.isAlive():
-                    thread.join(timeout=0.1)
+                while _is_alive(thread):
+                    thread.join(timeout=0.001)
+                in_flight['threads'] -= 1
                 finished.append(thread.result)
                 callback(thread.i, request_count, end=True)
 
-        q = Queue(self.config['threads']['upload'])
+        q = Queue(threads or self.config['threads']['upload'])
         prod_thread = threading.Thread(target=producer,
                                        args=(q, requests, request_count))
         cons_thread = threading.Thread(target=consumer,
@@ -1514,9 +1667,10 @@ class Speedtest(object):
         start = timeit.default_timer()
         prod_thread.start()
         cons_thread.start()
-        while prod_thread.isAlive():
+        _is_alive = thread_is_alive
+        while _is_alive(prod_thread):
             prod_thread.join(timeout=0.1)
-        while cons_thread.isAlive():
+        while _is_alive(cons_thread):
             cons_thread.join(timeout=0.1)
 
         stop = timeit.default_timer()
@@ -1541,7 +1695,8 @@ def ctrl_c(shutdown_event):
 def version():
     """Print the version"""
 
-    printer(__version__)
+    printer('speedtest-cli %s' % __version__)
+    printer('Python %s' % sys.version.replace('\n', ''))
     sys.exit(0)
 
 
@@ -1574,6 +1729,10 @@ def parse_args():
     parser.add_argument('--no-upload', dest='upload', default=True,
                         action='store_const', const=False,
                         help='Do not perform upload test')
+    parser.add_argument('--single', default=False, action='store_true',
+                        help='Only use a single connection instead of '
+                             'multiple. This simulates a typical file '
+                             'transfer.')
     parser.add_argument('--bytes', dest='units', action='store_const',
                         const=('byte', 8), default=('bit', 1),
                         help='Display values in bytes instead of bits. Does '
@@ -1788,7 +1947,10 @@ def shell():
     if args.download:
         printer('Testing download speed', quiet,
                 end=('', '\n')[bool(debug)])
-        speedtest.download(callback=callback)
+        speedtest.download(
+            callback=callback,
+            threads=(None, 1)[args.single]
+        )
         printer('Download: %0.2f M%s/s' %
                 ((results.download / 1000.0 / 1000.0) / args.units[1],
                  args.units[0]),
@@ -1799,7 +1961,11 @@ def shell():
     if args.upload:
         printer('Testing upload speed', quiet,
                 end=('', '\n')[bool(debug)])
-        speedtest.upload(callback=callback, pre_allocate=args.pre_allocate)
+        speedtest.upload(
+            callback=callback,
+            pre_allocate=args.pre_allocate,
+            threads=(None, 1)[args.single]
+        )
         printer('Upload: %0.2f M%s/s' %
                 ((results.upload / 1000.0 / 1000.0) / args.units[1],
                  args.units[0]),
@@ -1809,6 +1975,9 @@ def shell():
 
     printer('Results:\n%r' % results.dict(), debug=True)
 
+    if not args.simple and args.share:
+        results.share()
+
     if args.simple:
         printer('Ping: %s ms\nDownload: %0.2f M%s/s\nUpload: %0.2f M%s/s' %
                 (results.ping,
@@ -1819,8 +1988,6 @@ def shell():
     elif args.csv:
         printer(results.csv(delimiter=args.csv_delimiter))
     elif args.json:
-        if args.share:
-            results.share()
         printer(results.json())
 
     if args.share and not machine_format:
@@ -1836,7 +2003,10 @@ def main():
         e = get_exception()
         # Ignore a successful exit, or argparse exit
         if getattr(e, 'code', 1) not in (0, 2):
-            raise SystemExit('ERROR: %s' % e)
+            msg = '%s' % e
+            if not msg:
+                msg = '%r' % e
+            raise SystemExit('ERROR: %s' % msg)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':