postgres-operator/e2e/tests/test_e2e.py

729 lines
29 KiB
Python

import unittest
import time
import timeout_decorator
import subprocess
import warnings
import os
import yaml
from kubernetes import client, config
def to_selector(labels):
return ",".join(["=".join(l) for l in labels.items()])
class EndToEndTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
'''
Test interaction of the operator with multiple K8s components.
'''
# `kind` pods may stuck in the `Terminating` phase for a few minutes; hence high test timeout
TEST_TIMEOUT_SEC = 600
@classmethod
@timeout_decorator.timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def setUpClass(cls):
'''
Deploy operator to a "kind" cluster created by run.sh using examples from /manifests.
This operator deployment is to be shared among all tests.
run.sh deletes the 'kind' cluster after successful run along with all operator-related entities.
In the case of test failure the cluster will stay to enable manual examination;
next invocation of "make test" will re-create it.
'''
# set a single K8s wrapper for all tests
k8s = cls.k8s = K8s()
# operator deploys pod service account there on start up
# needed for test_multi_namespace_support()
cls.namespace = "test"
v1_namespace = client.V1Namespace(metadata=client.V1ObjectMeta(name=cls.namespace))
k8s.api.core_v1.create_namespace(v1_namespace)
# submit the most recent operator image built on the Docker host
with open("manifests/postgres-operator.yaml", 'r+') as f:
operator_deployment = yaml.safe_load(f)
operator_deployment["spec"]["template"]["spec"]["containers"][0]["image"] = os.environ['OPERATOR_IMAGE']
yaml.dump(operator_deployment, f, Dumper=yaml.Dumper)
for filename in ["operator-service-account-rbac.yaml",
"configmap.yaml",
"postgres-operator.yaml"]:
result = k8s.create_with_kubectl("manifests/" + filename)
print("stdout: {}, stderr: {}".format(result.stdout, result.stderr))
k8s.wait_for_operator_pod_start()
actual_operator_image = k8s.api.core_v1.list_namespaced_pod(
'default', label_selector='name=postgres-operator').items[0].spec.containers[0].image
print("Tested operator image: {}".format(actual_operator_image)) # shows up after tests finish
result = k8s.create_with_kubectl("manifests/minimal-postgres-manifest.yaml")
print('stdout: {}, stderr: {}'.format(result.stdout, result.stderr))
try:
k8s.wait_for_pod_start('spilo-role=master')
k8s.wait_for_pod_start('spilo-role=replica')
except timeout_decorator.TimeoutError:
print('Operator log: {}'.format(k8s.get_operator_log()))
raise
@timeout_decorator.timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def test_enable_disable_connection_pooler(self):
'''
For a database without connection pooler, then turns it on, scale up,
turn off and on again. Test with different ways of doing this (via
enableConnectionPooler or connectionPooler configuration section). At
the end turn connection pooler off to not interfere with other tests.
'''
k8s = self.k8s
service_labels = {
'cluster-name': 'acid-minimal-cluster',
}
pod_labels = dict({
'connection-pooler': 'acid-minimal-cluster-pooler',
})
pod_selector = to_selector(pod_labels)
service_selector = to_selector(service_labels)
try:
# enable connection pooler
k8s.api.custom_objects_api.patch_namespaced_custom_object(
'acid.zalan.do', 'v1', 'default',
'postgresqls', 'acid-minimal-cluster',
{
'spec': {
'enableConnectionPooler': True,
}
})
k8s.wait_for_pod_start(pod_selector)
pods = k8s.api.core_v1.list_namespaced_pod(
'default', label_selector=pod_selector
).items
self.assertTrue(pods, 'No connection pooler pods')
k8s.wait_for_service(service_selector)
services = k8s.api.core_v1.list_namespaced_service(
'default', label_selector=service_selector
).items
services = [
s for s in services
if s.metadata.name.endswith('pooler')
]
self.assertTrue(services, 'No connection pooler service')
# scale up connection pooler deployment
k8s.api.custom_objects_api.patch_namespaced_custom_object(
'acid.zalan.do', 'v1', 'default',
'postgresqls', 'acid-minimal-cluster',
{
'spec': {
'connectionPooler': {
'numberOfInstances': 2,
},
}
})
k8s.wait_for_running_pods(pod_selector, 2)
# turn it off, keeping configuration section
k8s.api.custom_objects_api.patch_namespaced_custom_object(
'acid.zalan.do', 'v1', 'default',
'postgresqls', 'acid-minimal-cluster',
{
'spec': {
'enableConnectionPooler': False,
}
})
k8s.wait_for_pods_to_stop(pod_selector)
k8s.api.custom_objects_api.patch_namespaced_custom_object(
'acid.zalan.do', 'v1', 'default',
'postgresqls', 'acid-minimal-cluster',
{
'spec': {
'enableConnectionPooler': True,
}
})
k8s.wait_for_pod_start(pod_selector)
except timeout_decorator.TimeoutError:
print('Operator log: {}'.format(k8s.get_operator_log()))
raise
@timeout_decorator.timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def test_enable_load_balancer(self):
'''
Test if services are updated when enabling/disabling load balancers
'''
k8s = self.k8s
cluster_label = 'application=spilo,cluster-name=acid-minimal-cluster'
# enable load balancer services
pg_patch_enable_lbs = {
"spec": {
"enableMasterLoadBalancer": True,
"enableReplicaLoadBalancer": True
}
}
k8s.api.custom_objects_api.patch_namespaced_custom_object(
"acid.zalan.do", "v1", "default", "postgresqls", "acid-minimal-cluster", pg_patch_enable_lbs)
# wait for service recreation
time.sleep(60)
master_svc_type = k8s.get_service_type(cluster_label + ',spilo-role=master')
self.assertEqual(master_svc_type, 'LoadBalancer',
"Expected LoadBalancer service type for master, found {}".format(master_svc_type))
repl_svc_type = k8s.get_service_type(cluster_label + ',spilo-role=replica')
self.assertEqual(repl_svc_type, 'LoadBalancer',
"Expected LoadBalancer service type for replica, found {}".format(repl_svc_type))
# disable load balancer services again
pg_patch_disable_lbs = {
"spec": {
"enableMasterLoadBalancer": False,
"enableReplicaLoadBalancer": False
}
}
k8s.api.custom_objects_api.patch_namespaced_custom_object(
"acid.zalan.do", "v1", "default", "postgresqls", "acid-minimal-cluster", pg_patch_disable_lbs)
# wait for service recreation
time.sleep(60)
master_svc_type = k8s.get_service_type(cluster_label + ',spilo-role=master')
self.assertEqual(master_svc_type, 'ClusterIP',
"Expected ClusterIP service type for master, found {}".format(master_svc_type))
repl_svc_type = k8s.get_service_type(cluster_label + ',spilo-role=replica')
self.assertEqual(repl_svc_type, 'ClusterIP',
"Expected ClusterIP service type for replica, found {}".format(repl_svc_type))
@timeout_decorator.timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def test_logical_backup_cron_job(self):
'''
Ensure we can (a) create the cron job at user request for a specific PG cluster
(b) update the cluster-wide image for the logical backup pod
(c) delete the job at user request
Limitations:
(a) Does not run the actual batch job because there is no S3 mock to upload backups to
(b) Assumes 'acid-minimal-cluster' exists as defined in setUp
'''
k8s = self.k8s
# create the cron job
schedule = "7 7 7 7 *"
pg_patch_enable_backup = {
"spec": {
"enableLogicalBackup": True,
"logicalBackupSchedule": schedule
}
}
k8s.api.custom_objects_api.patch_namespaced_custom_object(
"acid.zalan.do", "v1", "default", "postgresqls", "acid-minimal-cluster", pg_patch_enable_backup)
k8s.wait_for_logical_backup_job_creation()
jobs = k8s.get_logical_backup_job().items
self.assertEqual(1, len(jobs), "Expected 1 logical backup job, found {}".format(len(jobs)))
job = jobs[0]
self.assertEqual(job.metadata.name, "logical-backup-acid-minimal-cluster",
"Expected job name {}, found {}"
.format("logical-backup-acid-minimal-cluster", job.metadata.name))
self.assertEqual(job.spec.schedule, schedule,
"Expected {} schedule, found {}"
.format(schedule, job.spec.schedule))
# update the cluster-wide image of the logical backup pod
image = "test-image-name"
patch_logical_backup_image = {
"data": {
"logical_backup_docker_image": image,
}
}
k8s.update_config(patch_logical_backup_image)
jobs = k8s.get_logical_backup_job().items
actual_image = jobs[0].spec.job_template.spec.template.spec.containers[0].image
self.assertEqual(actual_image, image,
"Expected job image {}, found {}".format(image, actual_image))
# delete the logical backup cron job
pg_patch_disable_backup = {
"spec": {
"enableLogicalBackup": False,
}
}
k8s.api.custom_objects_api.patch_namespaced_custom_object(
"acid.zalan.do", "v1", "default", "postgresqls", "acid-minimal-cluster", pg_patch_disable_backup)
k8s.wait_for_logical_backup_job_deletion()
jobs = k8s.get_logical_backup_job().items
self.assertEqual(0, len(jobs),
"Expected 0 logical backup jobs, found {}".format(len(jobs)))
@timeout_decorator.timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def test_min_resource_limits(self):
'''
Lower resource limits below configured minimum and let operator fix it
'''
k8s = self.k8s
cluster_label = 'application=spilo,cluster-name=acid-minimal-cluster'
labels = 'spilo-role=master,' + cluster_label
_, failover_targets = k8s.get_pg_nodes(cluster_label)
# configure minimum boundaries for CPU and memory limits
minCPULimit = '500m'
minMemoryLimit = '500Mi'
patch_min_resource_limits = {
"data": {
"min_cpu_limit": minCPULimit,
"min_memory_limit": minMemoryLimit
}
}
k8s.update_config(patch_min_resource_limits)
# lower resource limits below minimum
pg_patch_resources = {
"spec": {
"resources": {
"requests": {
"cpu": "10m",
"memory": "50Mi"
},
"limits": {
"cpu": "200m",
"memory": "200Mi"
}
}
}
}
k8s.api.custom_objects_api.patch_namespaced_custom_object(
"acid.zalan.do", "v1", "default", "postgresqls", "acid-minimal-cluster", pg_patch_resources)
k8s.wait_for_pod_failover(failover_targets, labels)
k8s.wait_for_pod_start('spilo-role=replica')
pods = k8s.api.core_v1.list_namespaced_pod(
'default', label_selector=labels).items
self.assert_master_is_unique()
masterPod = pods[0]
self.assertEqual(masterPod.spec.containers[0].resources.limits['cpu'], minCPULimit,
"Expected CPU limit {}, found {}"
.format(minCPULimit, masterPod.spec.containers[0].resources.limits['cpu']))
self.assertEqual(masterPod.spec.containers[0].resources.limits['memory'], minMemoryLimit,
"Expected memory limit {}, found {}"
.format(minMemoryLimit, masterPod.spec.containers[0].resources.limits['memory']))
@timeout_decorator.timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def test_multi_namespace_support(self):
'''
Create a customized Postgres cluster in a non-default namespace.
'''
k8s = self.k8s
with open("manifests/complete-postgres-manifest.yaml", 'r+') as f:
pg_manifest = yaml.safe_load(f)
pg_manifest["metadata"]["namespace"] = self.namespace
yaml.dump(pg_manifest, f, Dumper=yaml.Dumper)
k8s.create_with_kubectl("manifests/complete-postgres-manifest.yaml")
k8s.wait_for_pod_start("spilo-role=master", self.namespace)
self.assert_master_is_unique(self.namespace, "acid-test-cluster")
@timeout_decorator.timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def test_node_readiness_label(self):
'''
Remove node readiness label from master node. This must cause a failover.
'''
k8s = self.k8s
cluster_label = 'application=spilo,cluster-name=acid-minimal-cluster'
labels = 'spilo-role=master,' + cluster_label
readiness_label = 'lifecycle-status'
readiness_value = 'ready'
# get nodes of master and replica(s) (expected target of new master)
current_master_node, current_replica_nodes = k8s.get_pg_nodes(cluster_label)
num_replicas = len(current_replica_nodes)
failover_targets = self.get_failover_targets(current_master_node, current_replica_nodes)
# add node_readiness_label to potential failover nodes
patch_readiness_label = {
"metadata": {
"labels": {
readiness_label: readiness_value
}
}
}
for failover_target in failover_targets:
k8s.api.core_v1.patch_node(failover_target, patch_readiness_label)
# define node_readiness_label in config map which should trigger a failover of the master
patch_readiness_label_config = {
"data": {
"node_readiness_label": readiness_label + ':' + readiness_value,
}
}
k8s.update_config(patch_readiness_label_config)
new_master_node, new_replica_nodes = self.assert_failover(
current_master_node, num_replicas, failover_targets, cluster_label)
# patch also node where master ran before
k8s.api.core_v1.patch_node(current_master_node, patch_readiness_label)
# wait a little before proceeding with the pod distribution test
time.sleep(k8s.RETRY_TIMEOUT_SEC)
# toggle pod anti affinity to move replica away from master node
self.assert_distributed_pods(new_master_node, new_replica_nodes, cluster_label)
@timeout_decorator.timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def test_scaling(self):
'''
Scale up from 2 to 3 and back to 2 pods by updating the Postgres manifest at runtime.
'''
k8s = self.k8s
labels = "application=spilo,cluster-name=acid-minimal-cluster"
k8s.wait_for_pg_to_scale(3)
self.assertEqual(3, k8s.count_pods_with_label(labels))
self.assert_master_is_unique()
k8s.wait_for_pg_to_scale(2)
self.assertEqual(2, k8s.count_pods_with_label(labels))
self.assert_master_is_unique()
@timeout_decorator.timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def test_service_annotations(self):
'''
Create a Postgres cluster with service annotations and check them.
'''
k8s = self.k8s
patch_custom_service_annotations = {
"data": {
"custom_service_annotations": "foo:bar",
}
}
k8s.update_config(patch_custom_service_annotations)
pg_patch_custom_annotations = {
"spec": {
"serviceAnnotations": {
"annotation.key": "value"
}
}
}
k8s.api.custom_objects_api.patch_namespaced_custom_object(
"acid.zalan.do", "v1", "default", "postgresqls", "acid-minimal-cluster", pg_patch_custom_annotations)
annotations = {
"annotation.key": "value",
"foo": "bar",
}
self.assertTrue(k8s.check_service_annotations(
"cluster-name=acid-service-annotations,spilo-role=master", annotations))
self.assertTrue(k8s.check_service_annotations(
"cluster-name=acid-service-annotations,spilo-role=replica", annotations))
# clean up
unpatch_custom_service_annotations = {
"data": {
"custom_service_annotations": "",
}
}
k8s.update_config(unpatch_custom_service_annotations)
@timeout_decorator.timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def test_taint_based_eviction(self):
'''
Add taint "postgres=:NoExecute" to node with master. This must cause a failover.
'''
k8s = self.k8s
cluster_label = 'application=spilo,cluster-name=acid-minimal-cluster'
# get nodes of master and replica(s) (expected target of new master)
current_master_node, current_replica_nodes = k8s.get_pg_nodes(cluster_label)
num_replicas = len(current_replica_nodes)
failover_targets = self.get_failover_targets(current_master_node, current_replica_nodes)
# taint node with postgres=:NoExecute to force failover
body = {
"spec": {
"taints": [
{
"effect": "NoExecute",
"key": "postgres"
}
]
}
}
# patch node and test if master is failing over to one of the expected nodes
k8s.api.core_v1.patch_node(current_master_node, body)
new_master_node, new_replica_nodes = self.assert_failover(
current_master_node, num_replicas, failover_targets, cluster_label)
# add toleration to pods
patch_toleration_config = {
"data": {
"toleration": "key:postgres,operator:Exists,effect:NoExecute"
}
}
k8s.update_config(patch_toleration_config)
# wait a little before proceeding with the pod distribution test
time.sleep(k8s.RETRY_TIMEOUT_SEC)
# toggle pod anti affinity to move replica away from master node
self.assert_distributed_pods(new_master_node, new_replica_nodes, cluster_label)
def get_failover_targets(self, master_node, replica_nodes):
'''
If all pods live on the same node, failover will happen to other worker(s)
'''
k8s = self.k8s
failover_targets = [x for x in replica_nodes if x != master_node]
if len(failover_targets) == 0:
nodes = k8s.api.core_v1.list_node()
for n in nodes.items:
if "node-role.kubernetes.io/master" not in n.metadata.labels and n.metadata.name != master_node:
failover_targets.append(n.metadata.name)
return failover_targets
def assert_failover(self, current_master_node, num_replicas, failover_targets, cluster_label):
'''
Check if master is failing over. The replica should move first to be the switchover target
'''
k8s = self.k8s
k8s.wait_for_pod_failover(failover_targets, 'spilo-role=master,' + cluster_label)
k8s.wait_for_pod_start('spilo-role=replica,' + cluster_label)
new_master_node, new_replica_nodes = k8s.get_pg_nodes(cluster_label)
self.assertNotEqual(current_master_node, new_master_node,
"Master on {} did not fail over to one of {}".format(current_master_node, failover_targets))
self.assertEqual(num_replicas, len(new_replica_nodes),
"Expected {} replicas, found {}".format(num_replicas, len(new_replica_nodes)))
self.assert_master_is_unique()
return new_master_node, new_replica_nodes
def assert_master_is_unique(self, namespace='default', clusterName="acid-minimal-cluster"):
'''
Check that there is a single pod in the k8s cluster with the label "spilo-role=master"
To be called manually after operations that affect pods
'''
k8s = self.k8s
labels = 'spilo-role=master,cluster-name=' + clusterName
num_of_master_pods = k8s.count_pods_with_label(labels, namespace)
self.assertEqual(num_of_master_pods, 1, "Expected 1 master pod, found {}".format(num_of_master_pods))
def assert_distributed_pods(self, master_node, replica_nodes, cluster_label):
'''
Other tests can lead to the situation that master and replica are on the same node.
Toggle pod anti affinty to distribute pods accross nodes (replica in particular).
'''
k8s = self.k8s
failover_targets = self.get_failover_targets(master_node, replica_nodes)
# enable pod anti affintiy in config map which should trigger movement of replica
patch_enable_antiaffinity = {
"data": {
"enable_pod_antiaffinity": "true"
}
}
k8s.update_config(patch_enable_antiaffinity)
self.assert_failover(
master_node, len(replica_nodes), failover_targets, cluster_label)
# now disable pod anti affintiy again which will cause yet another failover
patch_disable_antiaffinity = {
"data": {
"enable_pod_antiaffinity": "false"
}
}
k8s.update_config(patch_disable_antiaffinity)
k8s.wait_for_pod_start('spilo-role=master')
k8s.wait_for_pod_start('spilo-role=replica')
class K8sApi:
def __init__(self):
# https://github.com/kubernetes-client/python/issues/309
warnings.simplefilter("ignore", ResourceWarning)
self.config = config.load_kube_config()
self.k8s_client = client.ApiClient()
self.core_v1 = client.CoreV1Api()
self.apps_v1 = client.AppsV1Api()
self.batch_v1_beta1 = client.BatchV1beta1Api()
self.custom_objects_api = client.CustomObjectsApi()
class K8s:
'''
Wraps around K8 api client and helper methods.
'''
RETRY_TIMEOUT_SEC = 10
def __init__(self):
self.api = K8sApi()
def get_pg_nodes(self, pg_cluster_name, namespace='default'):
master_pod_node = ''
replica_pod_nodes = []
podsList = self.api.core_v1.list_namespaced_pod(namespace, label_selector=pg_cluster_name)
for pod in podsList.items:
if pod.metadata.labels.get('spilo-role') == 'master':
master_pod_node = pod.spec.node_name
elif pod.metadata.labels.get('spilo-role') == 'replica':
replica_pod_nodes.append(pod.spec.node_name)
return master_pod_node, replica_pod_nodes
def wait_for_operator_pod_start(self):
self. wait_for_pod_start("name=postgres-operator")
# HACK operator must register CRD / add existing PG clusters after pod start up
# for local execution ~ 10 seconds suffices
time.sleep(60)
def get_operator_pod(self):
pods = self.api.core_v1.list_namespaced_pod(
'default', label_selector='name=postgres-operator'
).items
if pods:
return pods[0]
return None
def get_operator_log(self):
operator_pod = self.get_operator_pod()
pod_name = operator_pod.metadata.name
return self.api.core_v1.read_namespaced_pod_log(
name=pod_name,
namespace='default'
)
def wait_for_pod_start(self, pod_labels, namespace='default'):
pod_phase = 'No pod running'
while pod_phase != 'Running':
pods = self.api.core_v1.list_namespaced_pod(namespace, label_selector=pod_labels).items
if pods:
pod_phase = pods[0].status.phase
if pods and pod_phase != 'Running':
pod_name = pods[0].metadata.name
response = self.api.core_v1.read_namespaced_pod(
name=pod_name,
namespace=namespace
)
print("Pod description {}".format(response))
time.sleep(self.RETRY_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def get_service_type(self, svc_labels, namespace='default'):
svc_type = ''
svcs = self.api.core_v1.list_namespaced_service(namespace, label_selector=svc_labels, limit=1).items
for svc in svcs:
svc_type = svc.spec.type
return svc_type
def check_service_annotations(self, svc_labels, annotations, namespace='default'):
svcs = self.api.core_v1.list_namespaced_service(namespace, label_selector=svc_labels, limit=1).items
for svc in svcs:
if len(svc.metadata.annotations) != len(annotations):
return False
for key in svc.metadata.annotations:
if svc.metadata.annotations[key] != annotations[key]:
return False
return True
def wait_for_pg_to_scale(self, number_of_instances, namespace='default'):
body = {
"spec": {
"numberOfInstances": number_of_instances
}
}
_ = self.api.custom_objects_api.patch_namespaced_custom_object(
"acid.zalan.do", "v1", namespace, "postgresqls", "acid-minimal-cluster", body)
labels = 'application=spilo,cluster-name=acid-minimal-cluster'
while self.count_pods_with_label(labels) != number_of_instances:
time.sleep(self.RETRY_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def wait_for_running_pods(self, labels, number, namespace=''):
while self.count_pods_with_label(labels) != number:
time.sleep(self.RETRY_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def wait_for_pods_to_stop(self, labels, namespace=''):
while self.count_pods_with_label(labels) != 0:
time.sleep(self.RETRY_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def wait_for_service(self, labels, namespace='default'):
def get_services():
return self.api.core_v1.list_namespaced_service(
namespace, label_selector=labels
).items
while not get_services():
time.sleep(self.RETRY_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def count_pods_with_label(self, labels, namespace='default'):
return len(self.api.core_v1.list_namespaced_pod(namespace, label_selector=labels).items)
def wait_for_pod_failover(self, failover_targets, labels, namespace='default'):
pod_phase = 'Failing over'
new_pod_node = ''
while (pod_phase != 'Running') or (new_pod_node not in failover_targets):
pods = self.api.core_v1.list_namespaced_pod(namespace, label_selector=labels).items
if pods:
new_pod_node = pods[0].spec.node_name
pod_phase = pods[0].status.phase
time.sleep(self.RETRY_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def get_logical_backup_job(self, namespace='default'):
return self.api.batch_v1_beta1.list_namespaced_cron_job(namespace, label_selector="application=spilo")
def wait_for_logical_backup_job(self, expected_num_of_jobs):
while (len(self.get_logical_backup_job().items) != expected_num_of_jobs):
time.sleep(self.RETRY_TIMEOUT_SEC)
def wait_for_logical_backup_job_deletion(self):
self.wait_for_logical_backup_job(expected_num_of_jobs=0)
def wait_for_logical_backup_job_creation(self):
self.wait_for_logical_backup_job(expected_num_of_jobs=1)
def update_config(self, config_map_patch):
self.api.core_v1.patch_namespaced_config_map("postgres-operator", "default", config_map_patch)
operator_pod = self.api.core_v1.list_namespaced_pod(
'default', label_selector="name=postgres-operator").items[0].metadata.name
self.api.core_v1.delete_namespaced_pod(operator_pod, "default") # restart reloads the conf
self.wait_for_operator_pod_start()
def create_with_kubectl(self, path):
return subprocess.run(
["kubectl", "create", "-f", path],
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()