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<h1>Ethernet-over-USB</h1>
<div><p>Specifically to PiKVM V2+. When combined with configuring a DNS server, FTP, or SMB (for example), this is a powerful way to extend the capabilities of PiKVM.</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="basic-configuration">Basic configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-configuration" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<div class="admonition info">
<p class="admonition-title">USB limitations</p>
<p>Each emulated USB device consumes a limited hardware resource called <strong>endpoints</strong>.</p>
<p>Short info: by default, you can add only one additional USB device.</p>
<p>To get more information about the endpoints, add more devices, and flexibly manage the configuration on the fly, see <a href="../usb/">here</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition info">
<p class="admonition-title">Info</p>
<p>Before exploring this page, we recommend to read the <a href="../config/">PiKVM configuration guide</a>
so that you understand the terminology and how exactly the parameters described below change.</p>
</div>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Edit <code>/etc/kvmd/override.yaml</code> and add these lines:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">otg</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">devices</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">ethernet</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">enabled</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">true</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">driver</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ecm</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">host_mac</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">48:6f:73:74:50:43</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">kvm_mac</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">42:61:64:55:53:42</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>The <code>enable: true</code> option was used for activation the USB network. The values of the remaining options are described in the tables.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Parameter</th>
<th>Default</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>host_mac</code></td>
<td><code>&lt;random&gt;</code></td>
<td>The MAC address of the host's network interface.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>kvm_mac</code></td>
<td><code>&lt;random&gt;</code></td>
<td>The MAC address of the network interface on the PiKVM side called <code>usb0</code>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>driver</code></td>
<td><code>ecm</code></td>
<td>Protocol driver of the USB network. Different drivers are required for different OS. See below.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Driver</th>
<th>Compatibility with Operating Systems</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>ecm</code></td>
<td>Linux; Mac OS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>eem</code></td>
<td>Linux</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>rndis5</code></td>
<td>Windows XP...7 <sup><a href="#rndis5">1</a></sup>; Linux &gt; 2.6.13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>rndis</code></td>
<td>Windows &gt;= 7 <sup><a href="#rndis">2</a></sup>; Linux &gt; 2.6.13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>ncm</code></td>
<td>Windows &gt;= 10; Linux &gt; 2.6.37; Mac OS</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><a name="rndis5">1</a>: Manual driver installation is required. <a href="../driver/win/pikvm-rndis5.inf">Download RNDIS 5 Windows</a><br>
<a name="rndis">2</a>: Automatic driver installation since KVMD 3.53.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>To automatically configure the USB network on the host recommended using the service <code>kvmd-otgnet</code>.
It configures the firewall, assigns an address to the local PiKVM interface <code>usb0</code> and starts DHCP so the target host can get the IPv4 address.</p>
<p>By default, the address <code>172.30.30.1/24</code> to interface <code>usb0</code> will be assigned.
One of the other addresses from the network <code>172.30.30.0/24</code> will be assigned to the host when it requests it via DHCP.</p>
<p>For security reasons, all incoming connections from the host to the PiKVM side are blocked (except for ICMP and UDP port 67 which is used for DHCP).
If you want to allow access from the host to the PiKVM interface, you will need to add ports 80 and 443 to the whitelist using <code>/etc/kvmd/override.yaml</code>
file like this:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">otgnet</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">firewall</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">allow_tcp</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="nv">80</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">443</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Other useful firewall options are listed here:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Parameter</th>
<th>Default</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>allow_icmp</code></td>
<td><code>true</code></td>
<td>Optional ICMP allowed to PiKVM.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>allow_tcp</code></td>
<td><code>[]</code></td>
<td>List of allowed TCP connections from the host to PiKVM.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>allow_udp</code></td>
<td><code>[]</code></td>
<td>List of allowed UDP connections from the host to PiKVM.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>forward_iface</code></td>
<td><code>&lt;none&gt;</code></td>
<td>Default gateway interface on PiKVM for network forwarding (see below).</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>See other parameters and command hooks in <code>kvmd -m</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>To enable the service, use the command <code>systemctl enable kvmd-otgnet</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Perform <code>reboot</code>.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="routing-via-pikvm">Routing via PiKVM<a class="headerlink" href="#routing-via-pikvm" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>By default, <code>kvmd-otgnet</code> will configure network connection between PiKVM and the host only.
The target host controlled by PiKVM will not be able to reach other hosts beyond PiKVM.
If the full network access is required from the host through the USB-Ethernet feature (access all hosts PiKVM can access),
additional settings are needed in <code>/etc/kvmd/override.yaml</code>.</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Add network interface to forward requests to (default gateway) by adding a line <code>forward_iface: &lt;interface name&gt;</code> under the <code>firewall</code> section.
Typically it would be <code>eth0</code> if the built-in ethernet port is used::</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">otgnet</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">firewall</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">forward_iface</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">eth0</span>
</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Add DNS server to provide host name resolution service.
For example, adding <code>8.8.8.8</code> as DNS server requires addition of <code>dnsmasq</code> dhcp options.
This can be done by adding following lines:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">otgnet</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">commands</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">post_start_cmd_append</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"--dhcp-option=6,8.8.8.8"</span>
</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Combining above two together::</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">otgnet</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">firewall</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">forward_iface</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">eth0</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">commands</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">post_start_cmd_append</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"--dhcp-option=6,8.8.8.8"</span>
</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>To enable internet access for the target host, add the following to the otgnet configuration::</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">otgnet</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">iface</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">net</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">10.65.0.0/28</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>The 'net' parameter defines the network address range of the <code>usb0</code> network.
The host will automatically receive an IP address within this network including the DNS servers defined under 'post_start_cmd_append'.
Note: This network should <em>not</em> be same as the network PiKVM is connected to.</p>
<p>See other parameters and command hooks in <code>kvmd -m</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Don't forget to <code>reboot</code>.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<details class="example">
<summary>An example of what the config would look like for a host that can access PiKVM and has internet access:</summary>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>otgnet:
firewall:
allow_tcp: [80, 443]
forward_iface: wlan0
commands:
post_start_cmd_append:
- "--dhcp-option=6,1.1.1.1,1.0.0.1"
iface:
ip_cmd:
- /usr/bin/ip
net: 10.65.0.0/28
</code></pre></div>
</details>
<h2 id="working-with-windows-computers">Working with Windows Computers<a class="headerlink" href="#working-with-windows-computers" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>This has been proven to work with Windows:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Set the driver type to <strong>rndis</strong> (see above).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Download <a href="https://modclouddownloadprod.blob.core.windows.net/shared/mod-rndis-driver-windows.zip">this driver</a> on the Windows machine and unzip it somewhere.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Open the devices manager:<br>
<a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="95%" data-height="auto" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149659926-34c6650e-fc9d-469b-838d-969b754d98fd.png" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="grafik" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149659926-34c6650e-fc9d-469b-838d-969b754d98fd.png"></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Select <strong>Properties</strong> of the <strong>Composite KVM Device</strong>:<br>
<a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="95%" data-height="auto" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149659971-67f68537-af83-41af-a777-99c022b78677.png" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="grafik" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149659971-67f68537-af83-41af-a777-99c022b78677.png"></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Select the <strong>RNDIS Device</strong> and click properties:<br>
<a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="95%" data-height="auto" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149659911-9f734343-50c2-4868-82e0-f47712670d98.png" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="grafik" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149659911-9f734343-50c2-4868-82e0-f47712670d98.png"></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Switch to the <strong>Driver</strong> tab and then click <strong>Update driver</strong>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Click <strong>Browse my computer for driver software</strong>:<br>
<a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="95%" data-height="auto" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149660982-0f9ce11e-ab03-4bff-a0aa-1c2427664a19.png" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="grafik" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149660982-0f9ce11e-ab03-4bff-a0aa-1c2427664a19.png"></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Click <strong>Let me pick from a list of available drivers on my Computer</strong>:<br>
<a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="95%" data-height="auto" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149661039-ad6740d5-624b-4649-aef9-38cbaf5965b3.png" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="grafik" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149661039-ad6740d5-624b-4649-aef9-38cbaf5965b3.png"></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>From the list of available hardware types, scroll down and select <strong>Network adapters</strong>, then click <strong>Next</strong>:<br>
<a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="95%" data-height="auto" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149661132-405fad53-a4a4-41c2-a60d-da3a93059ae2.png" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="grafik" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149661132-405fad53-a4a4-41c2-a60d-da3a93059ae2.png"></a> </p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Click <strong>Have disk</strong>:<br>
<a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="95%" data-height="auto" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149661092-7cd9f642-039a-4469-8439-44dca9f24129.png" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="grafik" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149661092-7cd9f642-039a-4469-8439-44dca9f24129.png"></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Click Browse, navigate to the folder where you've stored the driver and select the <strong>RNDIS.inf</strong>, press <strong>Open</strong> and then <strong>OK</strong>:<br>
<a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="95%" data-height="auto" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149661186-5039689e-53fe-49e6-8892-af0bd92daa54.png" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="grafik" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149661186-5039689e-53fe-49e6-8892-af0bd92daa54.png"></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Select <strong>Acer Netchip RNDIS/Ethernet Gadget</strong> and click <strong>Next</strong>:<br>
<a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="95%" data-height="auto" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149661214-d0504972-a8f6-4496-a4d6-033c70f45f9f.png" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="grafik" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149661214-d0504972-a8f6-4496-a4d6-033c70f45f9f.png"></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Dismiss the warning about non-compatible drivers by clicking <strong>Yes</strong>:<br>
<a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="95%" data-height="auto" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149661228-e10039ae-ac32-4b98-83aa-893e4e07b639.png" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="grafik" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149661228-e10039ae-ac32-4b98-83aa-893e4e07b639.png"></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>You're done - the device should now be recognized:<br>
<a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="95%" data-height="auto" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149661295-97d8d8f9-5c40-4d80-b3a2-c544ca8c7224.png" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="grafik" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149661295-97d8d8f9-5c40-4d80-b3a2-c544ca8c7224.png"></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Verify the card is working by pinging your PiKVM in a console: <code>ping 172.30.30.1</code>:<br>
<a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="95%" data-height="auto" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149662794-51d34926-a6d4-425a-8cdd-b16d69e458ee.png" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="grafik" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/100349/149662794-51d34926-a6d4-425a-8cdd-b16d69e458ee.png"></a></p>
</li>
</ol></div>
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