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Tuning HDMI EDID
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HDMI passthrough
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USB configuration
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USB configuration
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Basics
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Default preset
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Dynamic configuration
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USB passthrough
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<h1>USB configuration</h1>
<div><p>PiKVM V2+ emulates a small set of USB devices to ensure normal
operation: a keyboard, <a href="../mouse/">mouse</a> and <a href="../msd/">mass storage
drive</a>. However, the possibilities are not limited to this.
Optionally, you can add a <a href="../usb_ethernet/">USB ethernet</a>, <a href="../usb_serial/">serial
port</a>, or (exclusive to <a href="../v3/">PiKVM V3</a> and <a href="../v4/">V4
Mini/Plus</a>) <a href="../audio/">a microphone to support two-way audio</a>.</p>
<p>In rare cases, the target host's BIOS/UEFI may not understand such a
large number of emulated devices on single USB port, and some of them
may need to be disabled.</p>
<p>A complete USB configuration changing (adding or removing devices)
requires a reboot, but it is possible to temporarily disable and then
re-enable existing emulated devices in preset.</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="basics">Basics<a class="headerlink" href="#basics" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>Each emulated USB device consumes a limited hardware resource called <strong>endpoints</strong>.</p>
<p>Depending on the device, the number of required endpoints varies:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Device</th>
<th>Endpoints</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Keyboard, mouse</td>
<td>1 for each</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mass Storage Drive</td>
<td>2 for each</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>USB Microphone</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>USB Ethernet, USB Serial</td>
<td>3 for each</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>In total, PiKVM provides 9 endpoints for USB emulation</strong>, some of which are used by default:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>PiKVM V2-V3 emulates one absolute mouse and one mass storage and uses 4 of 9 endpoints.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>PiKVM V4 Mini/Plus also adds a relative mouse by default so it uses 5 of 9 endpoints.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>You can add other devices remaining endpoints, disable existing ones
at all to free some endpoints, or do this only temporarily.</p>
<p>Moreover, you can configure the preset with a large number of devices
(more than PiKVM allows by endpoints), and then dynamically enable only
the necessary ones.</p>
<p>If you have configured too many devices that consume more than
9 endpoints in total, the least important of them will be inactive.
You can enable them using dynamic configuration.</p>
<p>To configure additional devices, please refer to the corresponding pages:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="../audio/">USB Microphone</a> - Two-way audio communication for voice
applications on the target host. Exclusive to <a href="../v3/">PiKVM V3</a> and <a href="../v4/">V4 Mini/Plus</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="../mouse/">Absolute and relative mouse</a> - The most convenient type
of mouse is an absolute mouse, but some BIOSes may not understand it.
In this case, the relative one will help you.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="../usb_ethernet/">USB Ethernet</a> - An FTP or Samba server on PiKVM
can be configured, and the target host will see this over the network.
It is also possible that PiKVM can work as a router to connect a host
to a big network.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="../usb_serial/">USB Serial Port</a> - It can be used for terminal access
from the target host to the PiKVM, or for any other purpose that
requires a serial connection.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>For information on how emulated devices are represented on the target host and how to change it, read <a href="../id/">here</a>.</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="default-preset">Default preset<a class="headerlink" href="#default-preset" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>Device setup includes two stages: adding to config and starting.</p>
<p>When you add a device as described on the pages above, it automatically
turns on after PiKVM reboot and becomes available on the target device.
This behaviour can be changed: the device will be created, but not
active until you turn it on dynamically.</p>
<p>The <code>/etc/kvmd/override.yaml</code> file is used for such changes. In the following example,
there are <a href="../usb_serial/">USB Serial Port</a> and <a href="../audio/">Microphone</a> enabled,
but the serial port is not started by default:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">otg</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">devices</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">serial</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">enabled</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">true</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">start</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">audio</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">enabled</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">true</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>The <code>start</code> parameter is also available for all USB devices, see <code>kvmd -m</code> for the entire configuration tree.</p>
<h2 id="dynamic-configuration">Dynamic configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#dynamic-configuration" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<h3 id="command-line-utility">Command-line utility<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-utility" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>The <code>kvmd-otgconf</code> utility allows you to view and modify the USB configuration on the fly.</p>
<p>It will also inform you about the number of endpoints used.</p>
<p>Changing requires root permissions.</p>
<p>Let's take a look at the configuration:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">[root@pikvm ~]# </span>kvmd-otgconf<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="gp"># </span>Endpoints<span class="w"> </span>used:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">5</span><span class="w"> </span>of<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span>
<span class="gp"># </span>Endpoints<span class="w"> </span>free:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span>
<span class="go">+ hid.usb0 # [1] Keyboard # otg/devices/hid/keyboard/start</span>
<span class="go">+ hid.usb1 # [1] Absolute Mouse # otg/devices/hid/mouse/start</span>
<span class="go">+ hid.usb2 # [1] Relative Mouse # otg/devices/hid/mouse_alt/start</span>
<span class="go">+ mass_storage.usb0 # [2] Mass Storage Drive # otg/devices/msd/start</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Each line represents an emulated device, left to right:</p>
<ul>
<li>Plus or minus sign: the state (enabled or not).</li>
<li>The device name (e.g., <code>hid.usb0</code>).</li>
<li>The number of required endpoints (e.g., <code>[2]</code>).</li>
<li>The description (e.g., <code>Absolute mouse</code>).</li>
<li>Path to the relevant configuration parameter (e.g., <code>otg/devices/hid/mouse/start</code>) you can use to boot or not boot a service when <code>kvmd</code> launches.</li>
</ul>
<p>Sometimes it's impossible to get into the UEFI/BIOS due to their bugs
in USB support, and you need to boot from the PiKVM mass storage.</p>
<p>In this case, you can disable all devices except keyboard and relative
mouse, and enter the BIOS:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">[root@pikvm ~]# </span>kvmd-otgconf<span class="w"> </span>-d<span class="w"> </span>mass_storage.usb0<span class="w"> </span>uac2.usb0<span class="w"> </span>hid.usb1
<span class="gp"># </span>Endpoints<span class="w"> </span>used:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span>of<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span>
<span class="gp"># </span>Endpoints<span class="w"> </span>free:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">7</span>
<span class="go">+ hid.usb0 # [1] Keyboard # otg/devices/hid/keyboard/start</span>
<span class="go">- hid.usb1 # [1] Absolute Mouse # otg/devices/hid/mouse/start</span>
<span class="go">+ hid.usb2 # [1] Relative Mouse # otg/devices/hid/mouse_alt/start</span>
<span class="go">- mass_storage.usb0 # [2] Mass Storage Drive # otg/devices/msd/start</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Then change the boot order in the BIOS by setting the USB sticks
as first priority.</p>
<p>Exit the BIOS, and turn on mass storage again. Use it as usual to boot
the image from PiKVM mass storage:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">[root@pikvm ~]# </span>kvmd-otgconf<span class="w"> </span>-e<span class="w"> </span>mass_storage.usb0
<span class="gp"># </span>Endpoints<span class="w"> </span>used:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span><span class="w"> </span>of<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span>
<span class="gp"># </span>Endpoints<span class="w"> </span>free:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">5</span>
<span class="go">+ hid.usb0 # [1] Keyboard # otg/devices/hid/keyboard/start</span>
<span class="go">- hid.usb1 # [1] Absolute Mouse # otg/devices/hid/mouse/start</span>
<span class="go">+ hid.usb2 # [1] Relative Mouse # otg/devices/hid/mouse_alt/start</span>
<span class="go">+ mass_storage.usb0 # [2] Mass Storage Drive # otg/devices/msd/start</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>You can also enable <code>uac2.usb0</code> and <code>hid.usb1</code> again.</p>
<h3 id="web-ui-menu">Web UI menu<a class="headerlink" href="#web-ui-menu" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>Using the pseudo-GPIO driver, you can USB control devices via the menu in the web interface.
Read about GPIO basics <a href="../gpio/">here</a>.</p>
<p>To setup the menu, use <code>kvmd-otgconf --make-gpio-config</code> to generate the configuration, and merge it
with your existing one in <code>/etc/kvmd/override.yaml</code> in a usual way.</p>
<details class="example">
<summary>The example of <code>kvmd-otgconf --make-gpio-config</code> output</summary>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># kvmd-otgconf --make-gpio-config</span>
<span class="nt">kvmd</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">gpio</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">drivers</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">otgconf</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">otgconf</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">scheme</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">hid.usb0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">driver</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">otgconf</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">mode</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">output</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">pin</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">hid.usb0</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">pulse</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">hid.usb1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">driver</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">otgconf</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">mode</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">output</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">pin</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">hid.usb1</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">pulse</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">hid.usb2</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">driver</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">otgconf</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">mode</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">output</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">pin</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">hid.usb2</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">pulse</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">mass_storage.usb0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">driver</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">otgconf</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">mode</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">output</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">pin</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mass_storage.usb0</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">pulse</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">view</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">table</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="s">"#Keyboard"</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"#hid.usb0"</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">hid.usb0</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="s">"#Absolute</span><span class="nv"> </span><span class="s">Mouse"</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"#hid.usb1"</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">hid.usb1</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="s">"#Relative</span><span class="nv"> </span><span class="s">Mouse"</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"#hid.usb2"</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">hid.usb2</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="s">"#Mass</span><span class="nv"> </span><span class="s">Storage</span><span class="nv"> </span><span class="s">Drive"</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"#mass_storage.usb0"</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">mass_storage.usb0</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
</code></pre></div>
</details>
<p>Please note that this menu is not dynamically generated, you need
to update the configuration if you added or deleted devices.</p></div>
</article>
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