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PiKVM Handbook
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Big DVD images on old PiKVM
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Device guides
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PiKVM V4 Mini &amp; Plus
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PiKVM V3
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PiKVM Switch
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DIY PiKVM V2
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DIY PiKVM V1
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Cheat Sheet
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Web UI Overview
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Configuring PiKVM
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Authentication &amp; 2FA
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Port forwarding
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Reverse proxy
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Tailscale VPN
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Cloudflare Tunnel
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Setting up Wi-Fi
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Setting up 3G/4G/LTE modem
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Video modes (WebRTC, Direct)
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WebRTC configuration
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Tuning HDMI EDID
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HDMI passthrough
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Peripheral devices
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Peripheral devices
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ATX board
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USB configuration
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USB passthrough
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</a>
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Audio / Microphone
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Keyboard &amp; mouse
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</label>
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Keyboard &amp; mouse
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../mouse/" class="md-nav__link">
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Mouse modes
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../mouse_jiggler/" class="md-nav__link">
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Mouse jiggler
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Pico HID (USB, PS/2)
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</a>
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Bluetooth HID
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Mass Storage Drive
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Ethernet-over-USB
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Serial-over-USB
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GPIO (pins, relays, lamps, etc)
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<h1>Big DVD images on old PiKVM</h1>
<div><p>Since KVMD 4.49, PiKVM is able to emulate DVD images.</p>
<p>Before that, users had to use Vento and other utilities to pre-convert large DVD images
such as the official Windows ISO to Flash.</p>
<p>We strongly recommend updating the PiKVM OS to simplify your Mass Storage experience when using DVDs:</p>
<details class="note">
<summary>Updating PiKVM OS</summary>
<p>To update, run following commands under the <code>root</code> user:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">[root@pikvm ~]# </span>pikvm-update
</code></pre></div>
<p>If you encounter an error like:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">[root@pikvm ~]# </span>pikvm-update
<span class="go">bash: pikvm-update: command not found</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>It's most likely you have an old OS release. You can update the OS as follows:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">[root@pikvm ~]# </span>rw
<span class="gp">[root@pikvm ~]# </span>pacman<span class="w"> </span>-Syy
<span class="gp">[root@pikvm ~]# </span>pacman<span class="w"> </span>-S<span class="w"> </span>pikvm-os-updater
<span class="gp">[root@pikvm ~]# </span>pikvm-update
</code></pre></div>
<p>Next time you will be able to use the usual method with <code>pikvm-update</code>.</p>
</details>
<hr>
<h3 id="making-windows-boot-flash-image">Making Windows Boot Flash Image<a class="headerlink" href="#making-windows-boot-flash-image" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>An alternative version of this can be found below that does not require a physical usb flash</p>
<p>This procedure will create a disk image of a USB stick.
This is mostly required for Windows based images since they are larger than the CDROM based limit of 2.2GB.
You can create a bootable USB stick with the normal Microsoft tools, e.g. Media Creation Tool.
Creating a bootable USB stick can also be made from an ISO file with other tools like <a href="https://rufus.ie">Rufus</a>.</p>
<p>Without resizing, the full size of the USB stick will be used, so keep the stick as small as possible (e.g. 4GB or 8GB)
but still large enough for all Windows files. The Media Creation tool will tell you what the minimum size is.</p>
<p>Before creating the image file, you can use a tool like
<a href="https://www.easeus.com/partition-manager/epm-free.html">EaseUS Partition Master Free</a> or <a href="https://gparted.org">GParted</a>
to resize the main FAT32 partition on the USB stick. This will save space on PiKVM.</p>
<p>You can also perform these steps on a separate UNIX machine and transfer the image over to PiKVM.
Or, on Windows you could use a program like PassMark ImageUSB (only for full USB size images)
or <code>dd</code> for Windows to create the image.</p>
<p>Once you have the desired USB stick perform the following on the RPi to create the image directly to the PiKVM image storage folder.</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Insert Windows based USB stick into Pi4, generated with Microsoft USB creation tool. SSH to PiKVM as root.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp"># </span>dmesg
<span class="go">[ 3025.025401] usb-storage 2-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected</span>
<span class="go">[ 3025.038911] scsi host0: usb-storage 2-1:1.0</span>
<span class="go">[ 3026.132248] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access Kingston DataTraveler 3.0 PMAP PQ: 0 ANSI: 6</span>
<span class="go">[ 3026.771425] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 15360000 512-byte logical blocks: (7.86 GB/7.32 GiB)</span>
<span class="go">[ 3026.790276] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off</span>
<span class="go">[ 3026.802530] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 23 00 00 00</span>
<span class="go">[ 3026.804450] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] No Caching mode page found</span>
<span class="go">[ 3026.814082] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Assuming drive cache: write through</span>
<span class="go">[ 3026.908712] sda: sda1</span>
<span class="go">[ 3026.922794] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI removable disk</span>
<span class="gp">[root@pikvm ~]#</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>USB devices shows as <code>sda</code>. We will use <code>sda1</code> as the Windows partition.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>mount msd folder as read/write</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp"># </span>kvmd-helper-otgmsd-remount<span class="w"> </span>rw
</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Create image of USB data PARTITION to an image file, this will take some time, in this case about 12 minutes (RPi4).</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp"># </span>dd<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="o">=</span>/dev/sda1<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">of</span><span class="o">=</span>/var/lib/kvmd/msd/windows10-2004.bin<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">bs</span><span class="o">=</span>8M<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">status</span><span class="o">=</span>progress
<span class="go">4458545152 bytes (4.5 GB, 4.2 GiB) copied, 736 s, 6.1 MB/s</span>
<span class="go">531+1 records in</span>
<span class="go">531+1 records out</span>
<span class="go">4458545152 bytes (4.5 GB, 4.2 GiB) copied, 736.213 s, 6.1 MB/s</span>
</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Correct ownership of new image and make sure the website reports the file as complete.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp"># </span>chown<span class="w"> </span>kvmd:kvmd<span class="w"> </span>/var/lib/kvmd/msd/windows10-2004.bin
</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Remount msd folder as read only</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp"># </span>kvmd-helper-otgmsd-remount<span class="w"> </span>ro
</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>On PiKVM webpage, under Storage select the new image and connect it in Drive Mode: Flash to the server.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Boot the server and select boot device like you normally would.
E.g. in a AMI BIOS the boot device is called "Linux File-CD Gadget 0504".</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="an-alternative-to-making-a-windows-boot-image-that-does-not-require-a-physical-usb-flash-drive">An alternative to making a Windows boot image that does not require a physical usb flash drive<a class="headerlink" href="#an-alternative-to-making-a-windows-boot-image-that-does-not-require-a-physical-usb-flash-drive" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<ul>
<li>Physical USB is not needed but external system is mandatory.</li>
<li>Create Ventoy image (on Ubuntu x86 machine) (Unaware of a windows version).</li>
<li>There is an assumption that you know basic linux to understand that not all dev devices are named exactly like the below</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp"># </span>dd<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="o">=</span>/dev/zero<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">of</span><span class="o">=</span>ventoy.img<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">bs</span><span class="o">=</span>1M<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">count</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">4700</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">status</span><span class="o">=</span>progress
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>This makes a ventoy.img file, I would name this what it is EG: <code>ventoy_win10.img</code></li>
<li>
<p>At the same time, download Media Creation Tool and select iso</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>On the Ubuntu machine</p>
</li>
<li>At the time of this, it was 1.0.51, change to latest version</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp"># </span>wget<span class="w"> </span>https://github.com/ventoy/Ventoy/releases/download/v1.0.51/ventoy-1.0.51-linux.tar.gz
<span class="gp"># </span>tar<span class="w"> </span>zxvf<span class="w"> </span>ventoy-1.0.51-linux.tar.gz
<span class="gp"># </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>losetup<span class="w"> </span>-f<span class="w"> </span>ventoy.img
<span class="gp"># </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>losetup<span class="w"> </span>-l<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>grep<span class="w"> </span>ventoy<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">(</span>To<span class="w"> </span>locate<span class="w"> </span>which<span class="w"> </span>loop<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>was<span class="w"> </span>used<span class="o">)</span>
<span class="gp"># </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>sh<span class="w"> </span>~/ventoy-1.0.51/Ventoy2Disk.sh<span class="w"> </span>-i<span class="w"> </span>/dev/loopXX<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">(</span>This<span class="w"> </span>will<span class="w"> </span>make<span class="w"> </span>a<span class="w"> </span>loopXXp1<span class="w"> </span>and<span class="w"> </span>a<span class="w"> </span>loopXXp2<span class="w"> </span>and<span class="w"> </span>will<span class="w"> </span>format<span class="w"> </span>both<span class="w"> </span>partitions
<span class="gp"># </span><span class="nb">cd</span><span class="w"> </span>/media/XXX<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">(</span>Usually<span class="w"> </span>your<span class="w"> </span>login<span class="o">)</span>
<span class="gp"># </span>mkdir<span class="w"> </span>ventoy
<span class="gp"># </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>mount<span class="w"> </span>/dev/loopXXp1<span class="w"> </span>/media/XXX/ventoy
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Either cp/scp over the .iso you downloaded from the Media tool or use a NFS mount</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sudo cp windows.iso /media/XXX/ventoy</span>
<span class="go">sudo umount /dev/loopXX </span>
<span class="gp"># </span>This<span class="w"> </span>is<span class="w"> </span>going<span class="w"> </span>to<span class="w"> </span>be<span class="w"> </span>different<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span>everyone,<span class="w"> </span>please<span class="w"> </span>choose<span class="w"> </span>the<span class="w"> </span>same<span class="w"> </span>one<span class="w"> </span>you<span class="w"> </span>mounted<span class="w"> </span>earlier
<span class="go">sudo losetup -d /dev/loopXX </span>
<span class="gp"># </span>This<span class="w"> </span>may<span class="w"> </span>or<span class="w"> </span>may<span class="w"> </span>not<span class="w"> </span>work<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span>everyone,<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span>it<span class="w"> </span>doesnt<span class="w"> </span>work,<span class="w"> </span>skip<span class="w"> </span>and<span class="w"> </span>move<span class="w"> </span>forward#
</code></pre></div>
<p>ssh into the Ubuntu system (Or whatever OS you are using)</p>
<ul>
<li>On PiKVM</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp"># </span><span class="nb">cd</span><span class="w"> </span>/var/lib/kvmd/msd
<span class="gp"># </span>mount<span class="w"> </span>-o<span class="w"> </span>remount,rw<span class="w"> </span>.
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>On Ubuntu</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp"># </span>scp<span class="w"> </span>ventoy.img<span class="w"> </span>root@pikvm:/var/lib/kvmd/msd
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Mount <code>ventoy.img</code> as normal flash and select the PiKVM boot device, it should popup with the VenToy logo with the window.iso as a selection </li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h2 id="an-alternative-to-making-a-windows-boot-image-that-does-not-require-a-physical-usb-flash-drive-on-a-single-windows-machine">An alternative to making a Windows boot image that does not require a physical usb flash drive on a single windows machine<a class="headerlink" href="#an-alternative-to-making-a-windows-boot-image-that-does-not-require-a-physical-usb-flash-drive-on-a-single-windows-machine" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<ul>
<li>Physical USB is not needed</li>
<li>
<p>Requires Administrator rights on the windows machine</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Testing was done on a Windows 11 machine with a Windows 11 23H2 ISO</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Requires a windows ISO (can be downloaded from the microsoft website), Rufus (To write the ISO to the VHD) and VirtualBox (Uses VBoxManage to convert VHD to IMG)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Create a VHD in Windows, This can be done in two ways that i know of.</p>
<p>Method 1:
Open up the windows settings, go to storage, press advanced storage settings and press Disks &amp; Volumes
Press the Create VHD button, Give the disk a name, set a storage location and set the Virtual hard disk size (for 23H2 i used 6300MB). Set the Virtual hard disk format to VHD and set it to Fixed Size.
Press Create and then you will get a menu to initialize the disk, press cancel</p>
<p>Method 2:
Open up the windows partition manager, make sure you don't have any partitions or disks selected by pressing on empty space, Go to Action and select Create VHD.
Select a location for the VHD file, set the VHD size (for 23H2 i used 6300MB), Set the Virtual hard disk format to VHD and set it to Fixed Size.
Press OK</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>2.
Download the Windows ISO and Rufus (i use the portable version), open rufus select the NO_LABEL disk that should roughly match size selected when creating the VHD (MiB vs MB).
Select the ISO you downloaded and press start
Once it is done close rufus (optionally delete rufus)</p>
<ol>
<li>Unmount the VHD by either opening up windows explorer, right clicking on the windows installer drive and pressing eject or opening up the windows partition manager, right clicking on the virtual disk and detaching the VHD</li>
</ol>
<p>4.
Download and install Virtualbox
Open up a command prompt in the location where you stored the VHD
</p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">VBoxManage clonehd input.vhd output.img --format raw</span>
</code></pre></div>
Or if virtualbox didn't get added to the system environment variables
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">"C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox\VBoxManage.exe" clonehd input.vhd output.img --format raw</span>
</code></pre></div>
This will convert the VHD to the IMG ready to be uploaded to the pikvm
<ul>
<li>using vboxmanage does have a slight quirk where it writes every conversion to <username>.VirtualBox\VirtualBox.xml so if you make changes to the vhd and try to convert it again it throws and error that the uuid doesn't match the stored value in VirtualBox.xml and you need to either throw away VirtualBox.xml or edit it and delete the line that matches the error</username></li>
<li>this method has also been tested using the windows installer for ventoy (needs enabling show all devices in the windows installer)</li>
</ul></div>
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