Seems like we are affected by https://github.com/golang/go/issues/24963. That is, even though we internally use the template option `missingkey=zero`, in some cases it still prints `<no value>` instead of zero values, which has been confusing the state yaml parsing.
This fixes the issue by naively replacing all the remaining occurrences of `<no value>` in the rendered text, while printing debug logs to ease debugging in the future when there is unexpected side-effects introduced by this native method.
Fixes#553
65ee6a2124