Enhance RunnerSet to optionally retain PVs accross restarts (#1340)

* Enhance RunnerSet to optionally retain PVs accross restarts This is our initial attempt to bring back the ability to retain PVs across runner pod restarts when using RunnerSet. The implementation is composed of two new controllers, `runnerpersistentvolumeclaim-controller` and `runnerpersistentvolume-controller`. It all starts from our existing `runnerset-controller`. The controller now tries to mark any PVCs created by StatefulSets created for the RunnerSet. Once the controller terminated statefulsets, their corresponding PVCs are clean up by `runnerpersistentvolumeclaim-controller`, then PVs are unbound from their corresponding PVCs by `runnerpersistentvolume-controller` so that they can be reused by future PVCs createf for future StatefulSets that shares the same same StorageClass. Ref #1286 * Update E2E test suite to cover runner, docker, and go caching with RunnerSet + PVs Ref #1286
2022-05-16 09:26:48 +09:00 · 2022-05-16 09:26:48 +09:00 · b5194fd75a
parent adf69bbea0
commit b5194fd75a
10 changed files with 610 additions and 4 deletions
--- a/acceptance/testdata/runnerset.envsubst.yaml
+++ b/acceptance/testdata/runnerset.envsubst.yaml
@ -1,3 +1,48 @@
+apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
+kind: StorageClass
+metadata:
+  name: ${NAME}
+# In kind environments, the provider writes:
+#   /var/lib/docker/volumes/KIND_NODE_CONTAINER_VOL_ID/_data/local-path-provisioner/PV_NAME
+# It can be hundreds of gigabytes depending on what you cache in the test workflow. Beware to not encounter `no space left on device` errors!
+# If you did encounter no space errorrs try:
+#   docker system prune
+#   docker buildx prune #=> frees up /var/lib/docker/volumes/buildx_buildkit_container-builder0_state
+#   sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker/volumes/KIND_NODE_CONTAINER_VOL_ID/_data/local-path-provisioner #=> frees up local-path-provisioner's data
+provisioner: rancher.io/local-path
+reclaimPolicy: Retain
+volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer
+---
+apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
+kind: StorageClass
+metadata:
+  name: ${NAME}-var-lib-docker
+  labels:
+    content: ${NAME}-var-lib-docker
+provisioner: rancher.io/local-path
+reclaimPolicy: Retain
+volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer
+---
+apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
+kind: StorageClass
+metadata:
+  name: ${NAME}-cache
+  labels:
+    content: ${NAME}-cache
+provisioner: rancher.io/local-path
+reclaimPolicy: Retain
+volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer
+---
+apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
+kind: StorageClass
+metadata:
+  name: ${NAME}-runner-tool-cache
+  labels:
+    content: ${NAME}-runner-tool-cache
+provisioner: rancher.io/local-path
+reclaimPolicy: Retain
+volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer
+---
 apiVersion: actions.summerwind.dev/v1alpha1
 kind: RunnerSet
 metadata:
@ -59,8 +104,108 @@ spec:
      containers:
      - name: runner
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
-      #- name: docker
-      #  #image: mumoshu/actions-runner-dind:dev
+        env:
+        - name: RUNNER_FEATURE_FLAG_EPHEMERAL
+          value: "${RUNNER_FEATURE_FLAG_EPHEMERAL}"
+        - name: GOMODCACHE
+          value: "/home/runner/.cache/go-mod"
+        volumeMounts:
+        # Cache docker image layers, in case dockerdWithinRunnerContainer=true
+        - name: var-lib-docker
+          mountPath: /var/lib/docker
+        # Cache go modules and builds
+        # - name: gocache
+        #   # Run `goenv | grep GOCACHE` to verify the path is correct for your env
+        #   mountPath: /home/runner/.cache/go-build
+        # - name: gomodcache
+        #   # Run `goenv | grep GOMODCACHE` to verify the path is correct for your env
+        #   # mountPath: /home/runner/go/pkg/mod
+        - name: cache
+          # go: could not create module cache: stat /home/runner/.cache/go-mod: permission denied
+          mountPath: "/home/runner/.cache"
+        - name: runner-tool-cache
+          # This corresponds to our runner image's default setting of RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE=/opt/hostedtoolcache.
+          #
+          # In case you customize the envvar in both runner and docker containers of the runner pod spec,
+          # You'd need to change this mountPath accordingly.
+          #
+          # The tool cache directory is defined in actions/toolkit's tool-cache module:
+          # https://github.com/actions/toolkit/blob/2f164000dcd42fb08287824a3bc3030dbed33687/packages/tool-cache/src/tool-cache.ts#L621-L638
+          #
+          # Many setup-* actions like setup-go utilizes the tool-cache module to download and cache installed binaries:
+          # https://github.com/actions/setup-go/blob/56a61c9834b4a4950dbbf4740af0b8a98c73b768/src/installer.ts#L144
+          mountPath: "/opt/hostedtoolcache"
+      # Valid only when dockerdWithinRunnerContainer=false
+      - name: docker
+        volumeMounts:
+        # Cache docker image layers, in case dockerdWithinRunnerContainer=false
+        - name: var-lib-docker
+          mountPath: /var/lib/docker
+        # image: mumoshu/actions-runner-dind:dev
+
+        # For buildx cache
+        - name: cache
+          mountPath: "/home/runner/.cache"
+  volumeClaimTemplates:
+  - metadata:
+      name: vol1
+    spec:
+      accessModes:
+      - ReadWriteOnce
+      resources:
+        requests:
+          storage: 10Mi
+      storageClassName: ${NAME}
+      ## Dunno which provider supports auto-provisioning with selector.
+      ## At least the rancher local path provider stopped with:
+      ##  waiting for a volume to be created, either by external provisioner "rancher.io/local-path" or manually created by system administrator
+      # selector:
+      #    matchLabels:
+      #      runnerset-volume-id: ${NAME}-vol1
+  - metadata:
+      name: vol2
+    spec:
+      accessModes:
+      - ReadWriteOnce
+      resources:
+        requests:
+          storage: 10Mi
+      storageClassName: ${NAME}
+      # selector:
+      #    matchLabels:
+      #      runnerset-volume-id: ${NAME}-vol2
+  - metadata:
+      name: var-lib-docker
+    spec:
+      accessModes:
+      - ReadWriteOnce
+      resources:
+        requests:
+          storage: 10Mi
+      storageClassName: ${NAME}-var-lib-docker
+  - metadata:
+      name: cache
+    spec:
+      accessModes:
+      - ReadWriteOnce
+      resources:
+        requests:
+          storage: 10Mi
+      storageClassName: ${NAME}-cache
+  - metadata:
+      name: runner-tool-cache
+      # It turns out labels doesn't distinguish PVs across PVCs and the
+      # end result is PVs are reused by wrong PVCs.
+      # The correct way seems to be to differentiate storage class per pvc template.
+      # labels:
+      #   id: runner-tool-cache
+    spec:
+      accessModes:
+      - ReadWriteOnce
+      resources:
+        requests:
+          storage: 10Mi
+      storageClassName: ${NAME}-runner-tool-cache
 ---
 apiVersion: actions.summerwind.dev/v1alpha1
 kind: HorizontalRunnerAutoscaler
--- a/charts/actions-runner-controller/templates/manager_role.yaml
+++ b/charts/actions-runner-controller/templates/manager_role.yaml
@ -195,6 +195,28 @@ rules:
  verbs:
  - create
  - patch
+- apiGroups:
+  - ""
+  resources:
+  - persistentvolumeclaims
+  verbs:
+  - delete
+  - get
+  - list
+  - patch
+  - update
+  - watch
+- apiGroups:
+  - ""
+  resources:
+  - persistentvolumes
+  verbs:
+  - delete
+  - get
+  - list
+  - patch
+  - update
+  - watch
 - apiGroups:
  - coordination.k8s.io
  resources:
--- a/config/rbac/role.yaml
+++ b/config/rbac/role.yaml
@ -202,6 +202,29 @@ rules:
  verbs:
  - create
  - patch
+- apiGroups:
+  - ""
+  resources:
+  - persistentvolumeclaims
+  verbs:
+  - create
+  - delete
+  - get
+  - list
+  - patch
+  - update
+  - watch
+- apiGroups:
+  - ""
+  resources:
+  - persistentvolumes
+  verbs:
+  - delete
+  - get
+  - list
+  - patch
+  - update
+  - watch
 - apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
--- a/controllers/persistent_volume_claim_controller.go
+++ b/controllers/persistent_volume_claim_controller.go
@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2022 The actions-runner-controller authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package controllers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/go-logr/logr"
+
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/record"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+)
+
+// RunnerPersistentVolumeClaimReconciler reconciles a PersistentVolume object
+type RunnerPersistentVolumeClaimReconciler struct {
+	client.Client
+	Log      logr.Logger
+	Recorder record.EventRecorder
+	Scheme   *runtime.Scheme
+	Name     string
+}
+
+// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=core,resources=persistentvolumeclaims,verbs=get;list;watch;update;patch;delete
+// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=core,resources=persistentvolumes,verbs=get;list;watch;update;patch;delete
+// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=core,resources=events,verbs=create;patch
+
+func (r *RunnerPersistentVolumeClaimReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, req ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
+	log := r.Log.WithValues("pvc", req.NamespacedName)
+
+	var pvc corev1.PersistentVolumeClaim
+	if err := r.Get(ctx, req.NamespacedName, &pvc); err != nil {
+		return ctrl.Result{}, client.IgnoreNotFound(err)
+	}
+
+	log.Info("Reconciling runner pvc")
+
+	res, err := syncPVC(ctx, r.Client, log, req.Namespace, &pvc)
+
+	if res == nil {
+		res = &ctrl.Result{}
+	}
+
+	return *res, err
+}
+
+func (r *RunnerPersistentVolumeClaimReconciler) SetupWithManager(mgr ctrl.Manager) error {
+	name := "runnerpersistentvolumeclaim-controller"
+	if r.Name != "" {
+		name = r.Name
+	}
+
+	r.Recorder = mgr.GetEventRecorderFor(name)
+
+	return ctrl.NewControllerManagedBy(mgr).
+		For(&corev1.PersistentVolumeClaim{}).
+		Named(name).
+		Complete(r)
+}
--- a/controllers/persistent_volume_controller.go
+++ b/controllers/persistent_volume_controller.go
@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2022 The actions-runner-controller authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package controllers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/go-logr/logr"
+
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/record"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+)
+
+// RunnerPersistentVolumeReconciler reconciles a PersistentVolume object
+type RunnerPersistentVolumeReconciler struct {
+	client.Client
+	Log      logr.Logger
+	Recorder record.EventRecorder
+	Scheme   *runtime.Scheme
+	Name     string
+}
+
+// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=core,resources=persistentvolumes,verbs=get;list;watch;update;patch;delete
+// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=core,resources=events,verbs=create;patch
+
+func (r *RunnerPersistentVolumeReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, req ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
+	log := r.Log.WithValues("pv", req.NamespacedName)
+
+	var pv corev1.PersistentVolume
+	if err := r.Get(ctx, req.NamespacedName, &pv); err != nil {
+		return ctrl.Result{}, client.IgnoreNotFound(err)
+	}
+
+	res, err := syncPV(ctx, r.Client, log, req.Namespace, &pv)
+	if res == nil {
+		res = &ctrl.Result{}
+	}
+
+	return *res, err
+}
+
+func (r *RunnerPersistentVolumeReconciler) SetupWithManager(mgr ctrl.Manager) error {
+	name := "runnerpersistentvolume-controller"
+	if r.Name != "" {
+		name = r.Name
+	}
+
+	r.Recorder = mgr.GetEventRecorderFor(name)
+
+	return ctrl.NewControllerManagedBy(mgr).
+		For(&corev1.PersistentVolume{}).
+		Named(name).
+		Complete(r)
+}
--- a/controllers/runnerset_controller.go
+++ b/controllers/runnerset_controller.go
@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ type RunnerSetReconciler struct {
 // +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=actions.summerwind.dev,resources=runnersets/status,verbs=get;update;patch
 // +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=apps,resources=statefulsets,verbs=get;list;watch;create;update;patch;delete
 // +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=apps,resources=statefulsets/status,verbs=get;update;patch
+// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=core,resources=persistentvolumeclaims,verbs=get;list;watch;create;update;patch;delete
 // +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=core,resources=events,verbs=create;patch
 // +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=coordination.k8s.io,resources=leases,verbs=get;list;create;update

@ -129,6 +130,12 @@ func (r *RunnerSetReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, req ctrl.Request) (
 		owners = append(owners, &ss)
 	}

+	if res, err := syncVolumes(ctx, r.Client, log, req.Namespace, runnerSet, statefulsets); err != nil {
+		return ctrl.Result{}, err
+	} else if res != nil {
+		return *res, nil
+	}
+
 	res, err := syncRunnerPodsOwners(ctx, r.Client, log, effectiveTime, newDesiredReplicas, func() client.Object { return create.DeepCopy() }, ephemeral, owners)
 	if err != nil || res == nil {
 		return ctrl.Result{}, err
--- a/controllers/sync_volumes.go
+++ b/controllers/sync_volumes.go
@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package controllers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/actions-runner-controller/actions-runner-controller/api/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/go-logr/logr"
+	appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	kerrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+)
+
+const (
+	labelKeyCleanup               = "pending-cleanup"
+	labelKeyRunnerStatefulSetName = "runner-statefulset-name"
+)
+
+func syncVolumes(ctx context.Context, c client.Client, log logr.Logger, ns string, runnerSet *v1alpha1.RunnerSet, statefulsets []appsv1.StatefulSet) (*ctrl.Result, error) {
+	log = log.WithValues("ns", ns)
+
+	for _, t := range runnerSet.Spec.StatefulSetSpec.VolumeClaimTemplates {
+		for _, sts := range statefulsets {
+			pvcName := fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s-0", t.Name, sts.Name)
+
+			var pvc corev1.PersistentVolumeClaim
+			if err := c.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Namespace: ns, Name: pvcName}, &pvc); err != nil {
+				if !kerrors.IsNotFound(err) {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// TODO move this to statefulset reconciler so that we spam this less,
+			// by starting the loop only after the statefulset got deletionTimestamp set.
+			// Perhaps you can just wrap this in a finalizer here.
+			if pvc.Labels[labelKeyRunnerStatefulSetName] == "" {
+				updated := pvc.DeepCopy()
+				updated.Labels[labelKeyRunnerStatefulSetName] = sts.Name
+				if err := c.Update(ctx, updated); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				log.V(1).Info("Added runner-statefulset-name label to PVC", "sts", sts.Name, "pvc", pvcName)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// PVs are not namespaced hence we don't need client.InNamespace(ns).
+	// If we added that, c.List will silently return zero items.
+	//
+	// This `List` needs to be done in a dedicated reconciler that is registered to the manager via the `For` func.
+	// Otherwise the List func might return outdated contents(I saw status.phase being Bound even after K8s updated it to Released, and it lasted minutes).
+	//
+	// cleanupLabels := map[string]string{
+	// 	labelKeyCleanup: runnerSet.Name,
+	// }
+	// pvList := &corev1.PersistentVolumeList{}
+	// if err := c.List(ctx, pvList, client.MatchingLabels(cleanupLabels)); err != nil {
+	// 	log.Info("retrying pv listing", "ns", ns, "err", err)
+	// 	return nil, err
+	// }
+
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func syncPVC(ctx context.Context, c client.Client, log logr.Logger, ns string, pvc *corev1.PersistentVolumeClaim) (*ctrl.Result, error) {
+	stsName := pvc.Labels[labelKeyRunnerStatefulSetName]
+	if stsName == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	var sts appsv1.StatefulSet
+	if err := c.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Namespace: ns, Name: stsName}, &sts); err != nil {
+		if !kerrors.IsNotFound(err) {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	} else {
+		// We assume that the statefulset is shortly terminated, hence retry forever until it gets removed.
+		retry := 10 * time.Second
+		log.V(1).Info("Retrying sync until statefulset gets removed", "requeueAfter", retry)
+		return &ctrl.Result{RequeueAfter: retry}, nil
+	}
+
+	log = log.WithValues("pvc", pvc.Name, "sts", stsName)
+
+	pvName := pvc.Spec.VolumeName
+
+	if pvName != "" {
+		// If we deleted PVC before unsetting pv.spec.claimRef,
+		// K8s seems to revive the claimRef :thinking:
+		// So we need to mark PV for claimRef unset first, and delete PVC, and finally unset claimRef on PV.
+
+		var pv corev1.PersistentVolume
+		if err := c.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Namespace: ns, Name: pvName}, &pv); err != nil {
+			if !kerrors.IsNotFound(err) {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+
+		pvCopy := pv.DeepCopy()
+		if pvCopy.Labels == nil {
+			pvCopy.Labels = map[string]string{}
+		}
+		pvCopy.Labels[labelKeyCleanup] = stsName
+
+		log.Info("Scheduling to unset PV's claimRef", "pv", pv.Name)
+
+		// Apparently K8s doesn't reconcile PV immediately after PVC deletion.
+		// So we start a relatively busy loop of PV reconcilation slightly before the PVC deletion,
+		// so that PV can be unbound as soon as possible after the PVC got deleted.
+		if err := c.Update(ctx, pvCopy); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// At this point, the PV is still Bound
+
+		log.Info("Deleting unused pvc")
+
+		if err := c.Delete(ctx, pvc); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// At this point, the PV is still "Bound", but we are ready to unset pv.spec.claimRef in pv controller.
+		// Once the pv controller unsets claimRef, the PV becomes "Released", hence available for reuse by another eligible PVC.
+	}
+
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func syncPV(ctx context.Context, c client.Client, log logr.Logger, ns string, pv *corev1.PersistentVolume) (*ctrl.Result, error) {
+	log.V(2).Info("checking pv claimRef")
+
+	if pv.Spec.ClaimRef == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	log.V(2).Info("checking labels")
+
+	if pv.Labels[labelKeyCleanup] == "" {
+		// We assume that the pvc is shortly terminated, hence retry forever until it gets removed.
+		retry := 10 * time.Second
+		log.V(1).Info("Retrying sync until pvc gets removed", "requeueAfter", retry)
+		return &ctrl.Result{RequeueAfter: retry}, nil
+	}
+
+	log.V(2).Info("checking pv phase", "phase", pv.Status.Phase)
+
+	if pv.Status.Phase != corev1.VolumeReleased {
+		// We assume that the pvc is shortly terminated, hence retry forever until it gets removed.
+		retry := 10 * time.Second
+		log.V(1).Info("Retrying sync until pvc gets released", "requeueAfter", retry)
+		return &ctrl.Result{RequeueAfter: retry}, nil
+	}
+
+	// At this point, the PV is still Released
+
+	pvCopy := pv.DeepCopy()
+	delete(pvCopy.Labels, labelKeyCleanup)
+	pvCopy.Spec.ClaimRef = nil
+	log.Info("Unsetting PV's claimRef", "pv", pv.Name)
+	if err := c.Update(ctx, pvCopy); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// At this point, the PV becomes Available, if it's reclaim policy is "Retain".
+	// I have not yet tested it with "Delete" but perhaps it's deleted automatically after the update?
+	// https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/#retain
+
+	return nil, nil
+}
--- a/main.go
+++ b/main.go
@ -240,6 +240,18 @@ func main() {
 		GitHubClient: ghClient,
 	}

+	runnerPersistentVolumeReconciler := &controllers.RunnerPersistentVolumeReconciler{
+		Client: mgr.GetClient(),
+		Log:    log.WithName("runnerpersistentvolume"),
+		Scheme: mgr.GetScheme(),
+	}
+
+	runnerPersistentVolumeClaimReconciler := &controllers.RunnerPersistentVolumeClaimReconciler{
+		Client: mgr.GetClient(),
+		Log:    log.WithName("runnerpersistentvolumeclaim"),
+		Scheme: mgr.GetScheme(),
+	}
+
 	if err = runnerPodReconciler.SetupWithManager(mgr); err != nil {
 		log.Error(err, "unable to create controller", "controller", "RunnerPod")
 		os.Exit(1)
@ -250,6 +262,16 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}

+	if err = runnerPersistentVolumeReconciler.SetupWithManager(mgr); err != nil {
+		log.Error(err, "unable to create controller", "controller", "RunnerPersistentVolume")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	if err = runnerPersistentVolumeClaimReconciler.SetupWithManager(mgr); err != nil {
+		log.Error(err, "unable to create controller", "controller", "RunnerPersistentVolumeClaim")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
 	if err = (&actionsv1alpha1.Runner{}).SetupWebhookWithManager(mgr); err != nil {
 		log.Error(err, "unable to create webhook", "webhook", "Runner")
 		os.Exit(1)
--- a/test/e2e/e2e_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/e2e_test.go
@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ func initTestEnv(t *testing.T) *env {
 	e.testOrgRepo = testing.Getenv(t, "TEST_ORG_REPO", "")
 	e.testEnterprise = testing.Getenv(t, "TEST_ENTERPRISE", "")
 	e.testEphemeral = testing.Getenv(t, "TEST_EPHEMERAL", "")
-	e.testJobs = createTestJobs(id, testResultCMNamePrefix, 20)
+	e.testJobs = createTestJobs(id, testResultCMNamePrefix, 6)

 	e.scaleDownDelaySecondsAfterScaleOut, _ = strconv.ParseInt(testing.Getenv(t, "TEST_RUNNER_SCALE_DOWN_DELAY_SECONDS_AFTER_SCALE_OUT", "10"), 10, 32)
 	e.minReplicas, _ = strconv.ParseInt(testing.Getenv(t, "TEST_RUNNER_MIN_REPLICAS", "1"), 10, 32)
@ -398,6 +398,62 @@ func installActionsWorkflow(t *testing.T, testName, runnerLabel, testResultCMNam
 				{
 					Uses: testing.ActionsCheckoutV2,
 				},
+				{
+					// This might be the easiest way to handle permissions without use of securityContext
+					// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50156124/kubernetes-nfs-persistent-volumes-permission-denied#comment107483717_53186320
+					Run: "sudo chmod 777 -R \"${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE}\" \"${HOME}/.cache\" \"/var/lib/docker\"",
+				},
+				{
+					// This might be the easiest way to handle permissions without use of securityContext
+					// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50156124/kubernetes-nfs-persistent-volumes-permission-denied#comment107483717_53186320
+					Run: "ls -lah \"${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE}\" \"${HOME}/.cache\" \"/var/lib/docker\"",
+				},
+				{
+					Uses: "actions/setup-go@v3",
+					With: &testing.With{
+						GoVersion: ">=1.18.0",
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					Run: "go version",
+				},
+				{
+					Run: "go build .",
+				},
+				{
+					// https://github.com/docker/buildx/issues/413#issuecomment-710660155
+					// To prevent setup-buildx-action from failing with:
+					//   error: could not create a builder instance with TLS data loaded from environment. Please use `docker context create <context-name>` to create a context for current environment and then create a builder instance with `docker buildx create <context-name>`
+					Run: "docker context create mycontext",
+				},
+				{
+					Run: "docker context use mycontext",
+				},
+				{
+					Name: "Set up Docker Buildx",
+					Uses: "docker/setup-buildx-action@v1",
+					With: &testing.With{
+						BuildkitdFlags: "--debug",
+						Endpoint:       "mycontext",
+						// As the consequence of setting `install: false`, it doesn't install buildx as an alias to `docker build`
+						// so we need to use `docker buildx build` in the next step
+						Install: false,
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					Run: "docker buildx build --platform=linux/amd64 " +
+						"--cache-from=type=local,src=/home/runner/.cache/buildx " +
+						"--cache-to=type=local,dest=/home/runner/.cache/buildx-new,mode=max " +
+						".",
+				},
+				{
+					// https://github.com/docker/build-push-action/blob/master/docs/advanced/cache.md#local-cache
+					// See https://github.com/moby/buildkit/issues/1896 for why this is needed
+					Run: "rm -rf /home/runner/.cache/buildx && mv /home/runner/.cache/buildx-new /home/runner/.cache/buildx",
+				},
+				{
+					Run: "ls -lah /home/runner/.cache/*",
+				},
 				{
 					Uses: "azure/setup-kubectl@v1",
 					With: &testing.With{
--- a/testing/workflow.go
+++ b/testing/workflow.go
@ -43,4 +43,12 @@ type Step struct {

 type With struct {
 	Version   string `json:"version,omitempty"`
+	GoVersion string `json:"go-version,omitempty"`
+
+	// https://github.com/docker/setup-buildx-action#inputs
+	BuildkitdFlags string `json:"buildkitd-flags,omitempty"`
+	Install        bool   `json:"install,omitempty"`
+	// This can be either the address or the context name
+	// https://github.com/docker/buildx/blob/master/docs/reference/buildx_create.md#description
+	Endpoint string `json:"endpoint,omitempty"`
 }